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1. The association between sedentary behavior and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥65 years in low-and middle-income countries

Author

Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Deepti Adlakha, Mark A. Tully, Nicole E Blackburn, Ai Koyanagi, Paolo Caserotti, Pinar Soysal, Nicola Veronese, Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez, Davy Vancampfort, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University of Ulster, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), National Institute on Aging, NIA: 08-CN-0020, OGHA 04034785, R01‐AG034479, R21‐AG034263, Y1-AG-1005, Y1‐AG‐1005–01, YA1323– 08‐CN‐0020, This paper uses data from WHO?s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323? 08-CN-0020, Y1-AG-1005?01 and through research grants R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263., Funding: This paper uses data from WHO’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323– 08‐CN‐0020, Y1‐AG‐1005–01 and through research grants R01‐AG034479 and R21‐AG034263., SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, L., Tully, M., Jacob, L., Blackburn, N., Adlakha, D., Caserotti, P., Soysal, P., Veronese, N., Sánchez, G.F.L., Vancampfort, D., and Koyanagi, A.

Subjects
Male, Sarcopenia, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION, Logistic regression, Continuous variable, older adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Gait, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Low- and middle-income countries, Hand Strength, Sedentary behavior, musculoskeletal system, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, TIME, OBESITY, Older adults, Income, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Article, Odds, SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, OLDER-ADULTS, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, body regions, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Ageing, Low and middle income countries, FAT, Sedentary Behavior, business, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Environmental Sciences, Demography, low- and middle-income countries, older adults, sarcopenia, sedentary behavior
Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the association between sedentary behavior and sarcopenia among adults aged &ge, 65 years. Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as having low skeletal muscle mass and either a slow gait speed or a weak handgrip strength. Self-reported sedentary behavior was assessed as a continuous variable (hours per day) and also as a categorical variable (0&ndash, &lt, 4, 4&ndash, 8, 8&ndash, 11, &ge, 11 hours/day). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between sedentary behavior and sarcopenia. Analyses using the overall sample and country-wise samples were conducted. A total of 14,585 participants aged &ge, 65 years were included in the analysis. Their mean age was 72.6 (standard deviation, 11.5) years and 55% were females. Compared to sedentary behavior of 0&ndash, 4 hours/day, &ge, 11hours/day was significantly associated with 2.14 (95% CI = 1.06&ndash, 4.33) times higher odds for sarcopenia. The country-wise analysis showed that overall, a one-hour increase in sedentary behavior per day was associated with 1.06 (95% CI = 1.04&ndash, 1.10) times higher odds for sarcopenia, while the level of between-country heterogeneity was low (I2 = 12.9%). Public health and healthcare practitioners may wish to target reductions in sedentary behavior to aid in the prevention of sarcopenia in older adults.

Published
2020

2. Ranking populations in terms of inequality of health opportunity: A flexible latent type approach

Author

Caterina Francesca Guidi, Paolo Brunori, Alain Trannoy, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Polytechnic University of Bari, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Siena, Italy, This paper benefits from the support of the Norface project IMCHILD., Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI)

Subjects
Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, latent class, Type (model theory), 03 medical and health sciences, 0502 economics and business, Econometrics, Economics, Humans, 050207 economics, 10. No inequality, education, Socioeconomic status, opportunity-inequality curve, media_common, education.field_of_study, Class (computer programming), 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, 05 social sciences, Rank (computer programming), 1. No poverty, self-assessed health, Health Status Disparities, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Health equity, inequality of opportunity, Europe, Ranking, Socioeconomic Factors, 8. Economic growth, health inequality, 0305 other medical science
Abstract

International audience; We offer a flexible latent type approach to rank populations according to unequal health opportunities. Building upon the latent-class method, an approch increasingly adopted to estimate health inequalities, our contribution is to let the number of socioeconomic groups considered vary to obtain an opportunity-inequality curve for a population that gives how the between-type inequality varies with the number of types. A population A is said to have less inequality of opportunity than population B if its curve is statistically below that of population B. This version of the latent class approach allows for a robust ranking of 31 European countries regarding inequality of opportunity in health.

Published
2021

3. Alcohol use in early and late adolescence among the Birth to Twenty cohort in Soweto, South Africa

Author

Shane A. Norris, Leane Ramsoomar, Neo K. Morojele, and CARNEGIE CORPORATION TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME AT the UNIVERSITY of the WITWATERSRAND for the funding provided to support this paper, and the funders of Bt20: University of the Witwatersrand, South African Medical Research Council, Human Sciences Research

Subjects
Male, maternal correlates, Multivariate analysis, adolescent alcohol use, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, socio-economic status, Building New Knowledge Supplement, Poison control, Mothers, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Risk Factors, Adolescent alcohol use, alcohol prevalence, maternal correlates, socio-economic status, Surveys and Questionnaires, Injury prevention, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Socioeconomic status, Marital Status, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, alcohol prevalence, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Age Factors, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Logistic Models, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort, Multivariate Analysis, RA421-790.95, Marital status, Educational Status, Female, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract

Background : Alcohol is a risk factor for the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among young people globally. Youth drinking, initiated in early adolescence and continued into early adulthood, is influenced by maternal socio-demographic factors and maternal education. Limited prospective data exists in South Africa on the prevalence of alcohol use during adolescence and adolescent and maternal socio-demographic correlates. Objective : To examine the prevalence of lifetime alcohol use during early (13 years) and late (18 years) adolescence in Soweto, South Africa, and its association with child and maternal socio-demographic factors. Methods : Data on alcohol use in early adolescence (age 13 years) and late adolescence (age 18 years) were collected using self-completed pen and paper and self-completed computer-based questionnaires, respectively. Univariate analyses were conducted on child (gender and number of school years repeated by grade 7), maternal socio-demographic correlates (education, marital status, and age), and household socioeconomic status (SES). Bivariate logistic regression analyses examined associations between alcohol use and all child and maternal socio-demographic factors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on all the variables found to be significantly (p< 0.10) associated with alcohol use to examine the predictive value on alcohol use at early and late adolescence. Results : Lifetime alcohol use increased from 22% at early adolescence to 66% at late adolescence. In multivariate analyses, gender, maternal education, and SES predicted lifetime alcohol use at early adolescence, while gender, maternal education, marital status, and SES were predictive of the same at late adolescence. Conclusion : This study aids researchers and practitioners to identify maternal and child socio-demographic risk profiles for alcohol use to inform policies and programmes. Keywords : adolescent alcohol use; alcohol prevalence; maternal correlates; socio-economic status (Published: 24 January 2013) Citation: Glob Health Action 2013, 6 : 19274 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.19274

Published
2013