14 results on '"Johnson, Newell W."'
Search Results
2. Basic consideration of research strategies for head and neck cancer
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Gao, Jin, Panizza, Ben, Johnson, Newell W., Coman, Scott, and Clough, Alan R.
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- 2012
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3. Risk factors for oral health in young, urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.
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Butten, K, Johnson, NW, Hall, KK, Anderson, J, Toombs, M, King, N, O'Grady, KF, Butten, Kaley, Johnson, Newell W, Hall, Kerry K, Anderson, Jennie, Toombs, Maree, King, Neil, O'Grady, Kerry-Ann F, Johnson, N W, Hall, K K, and O'Grady, K F
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TORRES Strait Islander children ,DENTAL caries ,DENTAL fillings ,ORAL diseases ,SOCIOECONOMICS - Abstract
Background: The caries process follows a strong social gradient which can commence in the first years of life. Yet data on young children remain limited. This study reports the potential risk factors and indicators in urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged less than 5 and estimates the prevalence of caries.Methods: Demographic and risk factor and risk indicator data were collected at baseline in a cohort study of children attending a health clinic in north Brisbane. Dentulous children received a basic oral examination to explore the presence of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft). Descriptive analyses were performed. A backwards stepwise logistic regression model was performed to identify potential associations with dmft status.Results: In this study, 180 children enrolled: 111 children received the oral examination, of whom 14 (12.6%) (mean age 35 months) were estimated to have dmft >0. There was a high prevalence of socio-economic, dietary and behavioural risk factors/indicators present for children. Due to the small sample size, planned regression was not performed.Conclusions: Overall, the prevalence of risk factors and risk indicators for caries in the study population is high. More culturally appropriate resources that support preventive care need to be invested before children are school aged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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4. A risk factor-based model for upper aerodigestive tract cancers in India: predicting and validating the receiver operating characteristic curve.
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Gupta, Bhawna, Kumar, Narinder, and Johnson, Newell W.
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TREATMENT of oral cancer ,ALIMENTARY canal cancer ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,DISEASE risk factors ,PUBLIC health ,CANCER treatment ,DEMOGRAPHY ,HEAD tumors ,MEDICAL screening ,NECK tumors ,LIFESTYLES ,CASE-control method - Abstract
Background: A study was conducted to develop and validate a screening model using risk scores to identify individuals at high risk for developing upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in an Indian population.Methods: A hospital-based case-control study (n = 480) was conducted in Pune, India. We assessed risk factors for UADT cancers by administering a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. We developed a risk factor model based on the statistically significant risk factors in multiple logistic regression. A total, single risk score was calculated per individual based on the adjusted odds ratio for each of their risk factors. Standard receiver operator characteristic curve was plotted for the total score and the presence of UADT cancers. The stratification ability of the model was determined using the c-statistic. The optimal criterion value was determined at the point on curve at which the Youden's index was maximal. Confidence intervals were calculated by bootstrapping.Results: Total risk score for each individual ranged from 0 to 26. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95.8; P < 0.001) suggests strong predictive ability. A risk score criterion value of ≤10 produced optimal sensitivity (93.5%), specificity (71.1%), false-positive rate (28.8%), false-negative rate (6.4%), positive predictive value (74.8%), and negative predictive value (96.6%).Conclusion: This risk factor-based model has the potential of satisfactorily screening and detection of UADT cancers at its early stage in a high-risk population like India. The identified at-risk individuals can then be targeted for clinical examination and for focused preventive/treatment measures at the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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5. Global Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancers: A Continuing Challenge.
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Gupta, Bhawna, Johnson, Newell W., and Kumar, Narinder
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research , *HEAD tumors , *MOUTH tumors , *NECK tumors , *POPULATION geography , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DEVELOPING countries ,LARYNGEAL tumors ,LIP tumors ,NASOPHARYNX tumors ,PHARYNX tumors ,TONSIL cancer - Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) continue to remain a significant public health burden worldwide, causing significant mortality and morbidity despite significant clinical advances enabling their early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We used data from the GLOBOCAN 2012, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, World Health Organization Mortality Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programmes to describe the current epidemiology of HNCs. Results: Estimated age-standardised incidence/ mortality rates for cancers of the lip and oral cavity among males and females (7.0/2.3 and 2.6/0.6 per 100,000 per annum) in more developed regions are higher compared to those in less developed regions (5.0/2.8 and 2.5/1.4 per 100,000 per annum). Similarly, the estimated rates for cancers of the tonsils and pharynx among males (7.5/2.5 per 100,000 per annum) and females (2.7/0.5 per 100,000 per annum) are reported to be the highest in Western Europe, whereas these rates for cancer of the larynx among males (7.9/4.0 per 100,000 per annum) and females (0.9/0.5 per 100,000 per annum) are reported to be the highest in the Caribbean. Cancer of the nasopharynx represents a significant HNC burden in the Asia-Pacific region and Northern Africa. Conclusion: The current and future estimated burden of HNCs is shifting to less developed regions which may be ill equipped to deal with this increasing burden. This needs urgent attention of policy makers through effective cancer control policy implementation with population-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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6. Oral cancer in India continues in epidemic proportions: Evidence base and policy initiatives.
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Gupta, Bhawna, Ariyawardana, Anura, and Johnson, Newell W.
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TOBACCO & cancer ,EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
Brief Background India has the highest number of cases of oral cancer in the world and this is increasing. This burden is not fully appreciated even within India, despite the high incidence and poor survival associated with this disease. Because the aetiology of oral cancer is predominantly tobacco-related, the immense public health challenge can be ameliorated through habit intervention. Methods We reviewed current rates of incidence, mortality and survival, and investigated the determinants of disease and current prevention strategies. Results In addition to tobacco smoking and the myriad other forms of tobacco use prevalent in India, risk factors include areca nut consumption, alcohol consumption, human papilloma virus, increasing age, male gender and socioeconomic factors. Although India has world-leading cancer treatment centres, access to these is limited. Further, the focus of healthcare services remains clinical and is either curative or palliative. Summary and Conclusions: Although the efforts of agencies such as the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Indian Dental Association are laudable, enhanced strategies should be based on common risk factors, focusing on primary prevention, health education, early detection and the earliest possible therapeutic intervention. A multi-agency approach is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
7. Diet and risk of oral potentially malignant disorders in rural Sri Lanka.
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Amarasinghe, Hemantha K., Usgodaarachchi, Udaya, Kumaraarachchi, Menaka, Johnson, Newell W., and Warnakulasuriya, Saman
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ORAL cancer patients ,SRI Lankans ,DIET ,FRUIT in human nutrition ,VEGETABLES in human nutrition ,BETA carotene ,ORAL cancer risk factors - Abstract
Background While the protective role of antioxidant nutrients against cancer is well established, data on Asian diets in patients with oral cancer are meagre. Methods A total of 1029 subjects over 30 years of age were investigated on their dietary practices in the Sabaragamuwa province (Sri Lanka) in 2006-07. Data collection tools were an interviewer-administered questionnaire, a three-day food diary and an examination of the oral cavity. Subjects identified with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ( OPMD) and disease-free controls were analysed in a case-control fashion. Among the OPMDs, those with leukoplakia were separately considered. A further subgroup analysis was undertaken for β-carotene-rich foods. The analysis was stratified by portions of fruit/vegetables consumed as five or more portions and two or more portions daily. Results A low BMI (<18.5) was a significant independent risk factor for the development of OPMD. More than half of both cases and controls consumed less than two portions of fruit/vegetables per day and only 20 subjects consumed more than five portions per day. Intake of more than two portions per day of β-carotene-containing fruits/vegetables significantly reduced the risk of having an OPMD and leukoplakia ( OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). The significant differences observed with BMI and fruits/vegetables were attenuated when adjusted for betel quid chewing, smoking and alcohol use. Conclusions This study discloses prevailing under-nutrition in this rural population with very low daily consumption of fruit/vegetables. Cancer preventive properties in their diets are limited and are swamped by the known carcinogenic agents associated with use of betel quid, tobacco and alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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8. Public awareness of oral cancer, of oral potentially malignant disorders and of their risk factors in some rural populations in Sri Lanka.
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Amarasinghe, Hemantha K., Usgodaarachchi, Udaya S., Johnson, Newell W., Lalloo, Ratilal, and Warnakulasuriya, Saman
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ANALYSIS of variance ,BETEL palm ,COMPUTER software ,ALCOHOL drinking ,INTERVIEWING ,MOUTH tumors ,PRECANCEROUS conditions ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RURAL conditions ,RURAL health ,SMOKING ,SURVEYS ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,LIFESTYLES ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH literacy - Abstract
Amarasinghe HK, Usgodaarachchi US, Johnson NW, Lalloo R, Warnakulasuriya S. Public awareness of oral cancer, of oral potentially malignant disorders and of their risk factors in some rural populations in Sri Lanka. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 540-548. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S The aim of this study was to investigate the level of public awareness of oral cancer, of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and of risk factors for developing these diseases in a province of Sri Lanka, a country with one of the highest incidences of these diseases in the world. A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out in Sabaragamuwa province by interviewing 1029 subjects above 30 years of age, over a 1-year period from November 2006. The level of public awareness of oral cancer was 84%, but only 23% for OPMD. Awareness was especially poor in low socioeconomic groups. The majority of subjects were not aware of the symptoms of oral cancer and of OPMD. Thirty-two percent were unaware that chewing betel quid was a risk factor for these diseases, as were 65% for tobacco smoking and 81% for heavy consumption of alcohol. Overall, 76% were not aware of any of the dangers inherent in the frequent use of areca nut. The majority of smokers, betel quid chewers and alcohol consumers were not aware that their lifestyles were placing their long-term health at serious risk. Knowledge of oral cancer, OPMD and their associated risk factors was poor among this population, indicating an urgent need to implement public health education and promotion strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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9. The application of multilevel modeling in the analysis of longitudinal periodontal data--part II: changes in disease levels over time.
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Tu, Yu-Kang, Gilthorpe, Mark S., Griffiths, Gareth S., Maddick, Ian H., Eaton, Kenneth A., and Johnson, Newell W.
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HEALTH outcome assessment ,COHORT analysis ,PERIODONTICS ,TOOTH care & hygiene ,OPERATIVE dentistry ,ANALYSIS of variance ,DENTAL research ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PERIODONTAL disease ,MILITARY personnel ,STATISTICS ,TIME ,DATA analysis ,DISEASE progression ,STATISTICAL models ,CONFOUNDING variables - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationships between the outcome measurements of changes in lifetime cumulative attachment loss (cLCAL) and changes in probing depth (cPD) in relation to potential risk factors or other risk markers for periodontal disease progression from a cohort of 100 young males. In order to account for the hierarchical data structure, and to explore explicitly the site, tooth, and subject levels simultaneously, multilevel modeling was undertaken.Methods: The analyses were undertaken in two parts. Within a previous article, the absolute levels of disease were analyzed in relation to potential risk factors; within this article, changes in disease are analyzed in relation to these factors. Each analytical approach yielded substantively different insights.Results: Subject-level risk factors had limited predictive value for cLCAL/cPD throughout the 30-month observation period. Tooth position demonstrated a near linear relationship for both outcomes, with disease increasing from anterior to posterior teeth. Supragingival plaque had no significant effect on cLCAL/cPD, while subgingival calculus and bleeding on probing were negatively associated with cLCAL/cPD. In contrast to the outcomes LCAL/PD, supragingival calculus had no significant protective effect on cLCAL/cPD. There was no significant influence of smoking in this cohort.Conclusions: This study provides, for a relatively young cohort, considerable insights into the factors associated with longitudinal patterns of early-life periodontal disease at all levels of the natural hierarchy of sites within teeth within subjects. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how multilevel modeling can provide considerable insight into some of the inconsistencies and controversies found in the previous periodontal literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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10. The Application of Multilevel Modeling in the Analysis of Longitudinal Periodontal Data -- Part I: Absolute Levels of Disease.
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Yu-Kang Tu, Gilthorpe, Mark S., Griffiths, Gareth S., Maddick, Ian H., Eaton, Kenneth A., and Johnson, Newell W.
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PERIODONTAL disease ,PERIODONTICS ,DISEASE risk factors ,MEDICAL mathematics ,OPERATIVE dentistry - Abstract
Background: Statistical analyses of periodontal data that average site measurements to subject mean values are unable to explore the site-specific nature of periodontal diseases. Multilevel modeling (MLM) overcomes this, taking hierarchical structure into account. MLM was used to investigate longitudinal relationships between the outcomes of lifetime cumulative attachment loss (LCAL) and probing depth (PD) in relation to potential risk factors for periodontal disease progression. Methods: One hundred males (mean age 17 years) received a comprehensive periodontal examination at baseline and at 12 and 30 months. The resulting data were analyzed in two stages. In stage one (reported here), the absolute levels of disease were analyzed in relation to potential risk factors; in stage two (reported in a second paper), changes in disease patterns over time were analyzed in relation to the same risk factors. Each approach yielded substantially different insights. Results: For absolute levels of disease, subject-level risk factors (covariates) had limited prediction for LCAL/PD throughout the 30-month observation period. Tooth position demonstrated a near linear relationship for both outcomes, with disease increasing from anterior to posterior teeth. Sites with subgingival calculus and bleeding on probing demonstrated more LCAL and PD, and supragingival calculus had an apparently protective effect. Covariates had more "explanatory power" for the variation in PD than for the variation in LCAL, suggesting that LCAL and PD might be generally associated with a different profile of covariates. Conclusion: This study provides, for a relatively young cohort, considerable insights into the factors associated with early-life periodontal disease and its progression at all levels of the natural hierarchy of sites within teeth within subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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11. Betel-quid chewing with or without tobacco is a major risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders in Sri Lanka: A case-control study
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Amarasinghe, Hemantha K., Usgodaarachchi, Udaya S., Johnson, Newell W., Lalloo, Ratilal, and Warnakulasuriya, Saman
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ORAL cancer risk factors , *BETEL chewing , *ORAL leukoplakia , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of tobacco , *ALCOHOL drinking , *CASE-control method , *ANALYSIS of covariance - Abstract
Summary: We investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in rural Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted by interview and oral examination of 1029 subjects aged over 30years. A community-based nested case-control study then took those with OPMDs as ‘cases’, “controls” being those with no oral abnormalities at time of initial screening. The prevalence of OPMD was 11.3% (95% CI: 9.4–13.2), after weighting for place of residence and gender. Risk factors were betel-quid (BQ) chewing daily [OR=10.6 (95% CI: 3.6–31.0)] and alcohol drinking daily or weekly [OR=3.55 (1.6–8.0)]. A significant dose–response relationship existed for BQ chewing. Smoking did not emerge when adjusted for covariates. A synergistic effect of chewing and alcohol consumption existed. The attributable risk (AR) of daily BQ chewing was 90.6%, the population AR 84%. This study demonstrates high prevalence of OPMD, betel-quid chewing with or without tobacco being the major risk factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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12. Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection among Australian Indigenous adults
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Megan Smith, Joanne Hedges, Alex Brown, Lisa Jamieson, Annika Antonsson, Richard M. Logan, David Roder, Marjorie De Souza, Gail Garvey, Isaac Hill, Terry Dunbar, Xiangqun Ju, Cathy Leane, Newell W. Johnson, Karen Canfell, Sneha Sethi, Jamieson, Lisa M, Antonsson, Annika, Garvey, Gail, Ju, Xiangqun, Smith, Megan, Logan, Richard M, Johnson, Newell W, Hedges, Joanne, Sethi, Sneha, Dunbar, Terry, Leane, Cathy, Hill, Isaac, Brown, A, Roder, David, De Souza, Marjorie, and Canfell, Karen
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Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Saliva ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,Sexual Behavior ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Behavior ,Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ,Indigenous ,Risk Factors ,Interquartile range ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Genotyping ,Tonsillectomy ,Original Investigation ,Human papillomavirus 16 ,Human papillomavirus 18 ,Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ,business.industry ,Research ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Australia ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,Online Only ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sexual Partners ,Infectious Diseases ,Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia ,Educational Status ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Key Points Question What is the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Indigenous Australians, a group at risk of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma? Findings This cross-sectional study examined 910 Indigenous Australians for HPV infection with a particular focus on high-risk HPV types. Thirty-five percent of study participants had an oral HPV infection, 15 times the incidence reported in a study of young Australians and 5 times that reported in a systematic review from other countries. Meaning The findings of this study indicate that Indigenous Australians may be at higher risk of developing HPV-related oral cancer, which suggests that increased HPV vaccination coverage among this vulnerable population may be beneficial., This cross-sectional study of 910 Indigenous Australian adults examines incidence of and demographic patterns in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection., Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. International estimates suggest overall oral HPV prevalence is 7.5%, with prevalence of oral HPV types 16 and 18 being 1.6%; prior Australian estimates suggest oral HPV prevalence is 2.3%, with HPV-16 and HPV-18 being 1.3%. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of oral HPV infection among Indigenous Australians and to report the prevalence of factors associated with high-risk HPV types (ie, HPV-16 and HPV-18) and HPV types linked with Heck disease (ie, HPV-13 and HPV-32). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed HPV screening results from saliva samples collected from 1011 Indigenous Australians between February 2018 and January 2019. Data were analyzed from May 2018 to May 2019. Recruitment occurred through Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations in South Australia. Eligibility included identifying as Indigenous, residing in South Australia, and being aged 18 years or older. Main Outcomes and Measures Saliva samples were collected, with microbial DNA for genotyping extracted. Sociodemographic parameters, health-related behaviors, and sexual history data were collected. Analyses were stratified by sex as well as by HPV types 13 and 32 (Heck disease) and 16 and 18 (high risk of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma). Multivariable analyses were conducted to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results Data were obtained for 910 participants (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [27-51] years); 595 participants (65%) were female and 572 (63%) resided in nonmetropolitan locations. In all, 321 saliva samples (35.3%; 95% CI, 32.2%-38.4%) were positive for oral HPV (106 [33.7%] men; 215 [36.1%] women). The highest prevalence was found for HPV types 13 and 32 (207 [22.7%] total; 60 [19.0%] men; 147 [24.7%] women) followed by HPV types 16 and 18 (30 [3.3%] total; 9 [2.9%] men; 21 [3.5%] women). After multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with HPV types 13 and 32 included nonmetropolitan residential status (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.10-3.88) and not having had a tonsillectomy (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.05-7.16). Among women, having obtained a high school education or less was associated with lower odds of HPV-16 and HPV-18 infection (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.97). Conclusions and Relevance Prevalence of oral HPV infection in a large sample of Indigenous Australians was high, with one-third testing positive. The most prevalent HPV types were those associated with Heck disease. The prevalence of HPV types associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma exceeded both Australian and international population-level estimates.
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- 2020
13. The epidemic of oral cancer in India continues unabated: Need for new policy initiatives
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Gupta, Bhawna, Ariyawardana, Anura, and Johnson, Newell W.
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- 2012
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14. An analysis of risk factors for oral cancer in young people: a case-control study
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Llewellyn, Carrie D., Linklater, Karen, Bell, Janine, Johnson, Newell W., and Warnakulasuriya, Saman
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SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma , *ORAL cancer , *CANCER risk factors , *YOUNG adults - Abstract
The incidence of oral cancer amongst young adults is increasing in many European and high incidence countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the major risk factors for oral cancer in young adults using a case-control design. A sample of 116 patients aged 45 years and younger, diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity between 1990 and 1997 from the south east of England were included. Two-hundred and seven controls who had never had cancer, matched for age, sex and area of residence, were recruited. The self-completed questionnaire contained items about exposure to the following risk factors: tobacco products, cannabis, alcohol and diet. Conditional logistic analyses were conducted adjusting for social class, ethnicity, tobacco and alcohol habits. All tests for statistical significance were two-sided. The majority of oral cancer patients reported exposure to the major risk factors of tobacco and alcohol even at this younger age. The estimated risks associated with tobacco or alcohol were low (OR range: 0.6–2.5) among both males and females. Only smoking for 21 years or more produced significantly elevated odds ratios (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0). Exposure associated with other major risk factors did not produce significant risks in this sample. Long term consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet appeared to be protective for both males and females. The results suggest that although this younger sample exhibit similar behavioural risk factors to older oral cancer patients, the low odds produced in addition to the relatively short duration of exposure, suggest that factors other than tobacco and alcohol may be implicated in the development of oral cancer in these younger patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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