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To level the playing field in employment, the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities require state parties to ensure the provision of reasonable accommodation in the workplace. The international literature shows that barriers to workplace accommodation (WA) provision arise during recruitment, hiring, and retention. In this paper, we complement prior research by examining how WA is represented in policy documents targeting disability and employment in Norway over the past 50 years. Bacchi's policy analysis framework inspired the analysis and discussion. The analysis reveals a pattern over three time periods: 1) segregation, including the state applying a holistic approach and responsibility for WA; 2) integration, including an activation approach stimulating employer responsibility; and 3) inclusion, including holding employers more responsible. The results lead us to ask whether too much financial responsibility and work-inclusion efforts to increase employment among disabled people are currently left up to employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To report a methodological, co‐creative approach for developing an interactive digital educational resource to enhance the quality of student nurses' clinical education in nursing homes and to elucidate the lessons learned from this approach. Design: This study applied a co‐design methodology that builds on participatory design principles. Methods: Co‐creating the digital educational resource included multiple sequential and interactive phases inspired by the design thinking framework. Workshops were employed as the primary co‐creative activity. Results: Seven separate homogenous or joint heterogeneous workshops were conducted with student nurses, nurse educators, registered nurse mentors and e‐learning designers (n = 36) during the active stakeholder engagement phases to inform the educational content, design and functionality of the digital educational resource. These were informed by, and grounded in, learning theory and principles. Conclusion: Co‐creative approaches in nursing education are an essential avenue for further research. We still lack systematic knowledge about the impact and benefits of co‐created initiatives, stakeholders' motivations, barriers, facilitators to participation and the role of context in supporting effective co‐creative processes to increase the quality of nursing education. Impact: This paper demonstrates how digital educational initiatives to enhance quality in clinical nursing education can be co‐created with key stakeholders through a novel methodological approach inspired by design thinking. To date, the methodological development process of co‐created educational interventions has received limited attention and compared with the content and theoretical underpinnings of such interventions, has rarely been addressed. Therefore, this paper facilitates knowledge exchange and documents vital aspects to consider when co‐creating digital educational initiatives incorporating multistakeholder perspectives. This promotes a stronger academic–practice partnership to impact and enhance the quality of clinical nursing education in nursing homes. Public Contributions: Student nurses, nurse educators, and registered nurse mentors worked alongside researchers and e‐learning designers in the co‐creative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research funding is an important factor for public science. Funding may affect which research topics get addressed, and what research outputs are produced. However, funding has often been studied simplistically, using top-down or system-led perspectives. Such approaches often restrict analysis to confined national funding landscapes or single funding organizations and instruments in isolation. This overlooks interlinkages, broader funding researchers might access, and trends of growing funding complexity. This paper instead frames a 'bottom-up' approach that analytically distinguishes between increasing levels of aggregation of funding instrument co-use. Funding of research outputs is selected as one way to test this approach, with levels traced via funding acknowledgements (FAs) in papers published 2009–18 by researchers affiliated to Denmark, the Netherlands or Norway, in two test research fields (Food Science, Renewable Energy Research). Three funding aggregation levels are delineated: at the bottom, 'funding configurations' of funding instruments co-used by individual researchers (from single-authored papers with two or more FAs); a middle, 'funding amalgamations' level, of instruments co-used by collaborating researchers (from multi-authored papers with two or more FAs); and a 'co-funding network' of instruments co-used across all researchers active in a research field (all papers with two or more FAs). All three levels are found to include heterogenous funding co-use from inside and outside the test countries. There is also co-funding variety in terms of instrument 'type' (public, private, university or non-profit) and 'origin' (domestic, foreign or supranational). Limitations of the approach are noted, as well as its applicability for future analyses not using paper FAs to address finer details of research funding dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article aims to clarify the concepts used to understand, analyze and improve a patient's progress through a health service system. A patient pathway describes plans and intentions. Within it, we distinguish between the clinical pathway of decisions and interventions and the care pathway of supportive activities. As a patient pathway is implemented, it turns into a patient journey of what is done, what happens to a patient's medical condition and what is experienced and felt. We introduce "patient journey disruption" (PJD) as a concept describing the events that need to be prevented from happening to accomplish integrated, coordinated and seamless care. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this paper is concept analysis. First, an expert steering group worked to refine the concept of PJDs; second, an analysis of similar concepts from related fields was done to root the concept into existing theories, and third, semi-structured interviews with professionals and patients were done to test the concept of PJDs in the home care context. Findings: PJDs are agency-based harmful events in the execution of the care pathway that deviate the patient journey from what can be reasonably expected. PJDs are management failures, which is why they should be studied by healthcare operations management (HOM) and service science scholars with the intention to find ways to prevent them from happening. Research limitations/implications: This study has limitations, including presenting conceptual ideas and preliminary results that are only indicative. Practical implications: We believe that the introduction of the concept of PJDs into the literature provides a new, systematic way of approaching the different shortcomings in our healthcare production systems. Moreover, by systematically identifying different PJDs, interventions can be designed and targeted more appropriately. Originality/value: Managerial challenges regarding healthcare processes have been studied but have not been well defined. The concept of PJDs is an original, well-thought-out definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Most health professionals working in psychiatric care will experience adverse events (AE) such as service user suicide or violence, during their careerNorway lacks measures to capture potential iatrogenic injuries, such as risk assessment measures, to evaluate patient records for AEs in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics in hospitals What the paper adds to existing knowledge: We have described an approach to the validation of a research tool between different national contexts; a process that went beyond language translationWe have incorporated the understanding of health professionals and service users; to bring together the lifeworld of the patient with the professional definition of AEs, triggers and risk areas of AEs in a psychiatric context. The service users' experiences resulted in modifications to the tool. What are the implications for nurses: Applying the 'Global Trigger Tool—Psychiatry' in Norway and Sweden can help mental health nurses to prevent iatrogenic harm and reduce the occurrence of AEs through the identification of potential triggers.Implementing 'Global Trigger Tool—Psychiatry' might help mental health nurses to improve patient safety in Norway and Sweden. Introduction: There is little consensus on cross‐cultural and cross‐national adaptation of research instruments. Aim/Question: To translate and validate a Swedish research tool (GTT‐P) to detect iatrogenic adverse events in psychiatric health care by involving service users and health professionals in the process. Method: The GTT‐P, designed to identify events in patient records that were triggers for adverse events, was translated to Norwegian using a cross‐cultural adaptation approach. This involved two focus groups with clinical staff, one of which involved service users, and a joint discussion at a Dialogue Conference to generate consensus on the definition of the triggers of potential adverse events identifiable in patient records. Results: We highlight both the differences and commonalities in defining the nature of risks, the adverse events and the triggers of such events. The Dialogue Conference resulted in three modifications of the tool, based on service users' experiences. Service user involvement and co‐production was essential for both the translation and adaptation of the research instrument. Discussion: We have described an approach to the validation of a research tool between different national contexts; a process that went beyond language translation. This approach enables a more nuanced understanding of potential risks within a psychiatric context as it engages differences in the care delivery. Applying the GTT‐P in hospital‐based psychiatric care might help to identify processes that need to be changed in order to promote patient safety and a safer work environment for mental health nurses. Implications for practice: When translating and validating the GTT‐P from Swedish to Norwegian, we have considered the knowledge and experiences of both service users and health professionals. The application of the GTT‐P can promote greater patient safety in hospital settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although women's representation in STEM fields and occupations has increased, science and math continue to be stereotyped as male domains. This paper links psychological and sociological explanations for gendered disparities in STEM by examining the relationship between the local "micro-situational" female learning environment and the gender gap in academic self-concept in math and science. We applied hybrid models to TIMSS 2015 data comprised of a pseudo-panel of repeated measures for individual student and peer achievement, academic self-concept, utility value, and interest-enjoyment value in math/science (at age 14). We analyzed data from three countries, including a subsample of students who were taught by the same teacher in both math and science, thus eliminating unobserved teacher heterogeneity. Results indicate that female peer climate in the classroom is important for understanding how girls' self-concept in math/science is formed, even though it was unrelated to the gender gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers are increasingly interested in why people want to participate in qualitative interview studies, particularly what they hope to gain from participating. The present paper contributes to this research agenda by analysing the motivations of victims of interpersonal violence: a group that is considered ethically challenging to involve in research, given their history of being intruded upon. The analysis is based on 174 qualitative interviews from three separate studies: two on intimate partner violence and one on sexual assault. A key finding is that many victims welcome the opportunity to participate and often use the interviews for their own purposes. We identified three different 'participant orientations', or ways victims relate to the interview and the research, including 'telling for oneself', 'telling for others' and 'telling for the researcher'. We discuss how these orientations imply different ethical contracts between the participant and researcher and their links to recruitment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality in cancer. There is sparse knowledge on how patients with cancer experience their radiotherapy trajectory, and which factors might be associated with patients' experiences. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore how adults with cancer receiving radiotherapy evaluate the quality of their care, utilizing a patient-reported experience measure, and how patient- and service-related characteristics are associated with their evaluation. Methods: An explorative cross-sectional study using a self-completed questionnaire to assess patients' radiotherapy experiences was performed. Participants were recruited consecutively, within their last week of treatment, from two different hospitals in Norway from January 2021 to January 2022. Four hundred and eighty paper questionnaires were distributed to recruited patients, 240 at each hospital. Questionnaires were self-completed at home and returned by mail. The instrument person-centered coordinated care experience questionnaire (P3CEQ) was used. In addition to this, participants completed the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and The Sense of Coherence 13 scale (SOC-13). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, parametric tests, and unadjusted/adjusted linear regression models were estimated. Results: The study included 373 patients. Patients evaluated quality of care in terms of P3CEQ scores, with a mean score of 19.5 (standard deviation = 5.4). Lowest scores were identified in areas concerning person-centeredness and service coordination. There were no significant differences in P3CEQ scores between the younger and older groups. Having a partner and better SOC-13 scores were independently associated with the overall patient-reported experience score, whereas age was not. Conclusion: Patient-reported experience scores indicate that improvements are needed in some areas, such as informing and involving patients in the planning and coordination of their care. Findings suggest paying special attention to patients without a partner to offer patients the best possible care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a time when both extensive international and national protest and criticisms are directed toward the Norwegian Child Welfare Services, it is of great interest to researchers to gain insight into the viewpoints presented in protest groups on social media. The paper aims to give insight into the ethical judgement involved in research on digital communities where it is difficult to decide whether certain material is public or not. In addition, the paper reflects on the social consequences of understanding some participants as vulnerable versus understanding them as citizens, in a social work/child protection context on social media. A considerable amount of literature focuses on ethical questions in Internet research. There is also literature on the ethical considerations connected to resistance and protest groups on social media. There is, however, less existing research about the ethical decision-making within the field of social work, child protection and client protests on the Internet. This paper analyses certain experiences from a qualitative research project regarding Facebook groups protesting Child Welfare Services in Norway. The paper concludes that in some social media research contexts, as the one presented here, taking extra care to anonymize participants in publications is sufficient to secure privacy, and covert collection of data is possible without jeopardizing ethical guidelines. Further, by developing practical ethical judgement, we can – in some social work contexts – avoid putting people into categories like "vulnerable" and instead approach the participants in public Facebook groups as citizens with socio-political opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the study were: 1) Describe the thematic structure and evolution of the field of physical therapy; 2) identify the main research producers (i.e. countries and institutions); and 3) compare their research output and citation impact. Papers related to physical therapy indexed in Web of Science (2000–2018) were identified to delineate the field, using keywords, journals, and citation networks. VOSviewer software, advanced bibliometric text mining, and visualization techniques were used to evaluate the thematic structure. We collected data about the country and institutional affiliation of all the authors and calculated production and citation impact indicators. 85,697 papers were analyzed. Eleven thematic clusters were identified: 1) "health care and education"; 2) "biomechanics"; 3) "psychosocial, chronic pain and quality of life outcomes"; 4) "evidence-based physical therapy research methods"; 5) "traumatology and orthopedics"; 6) "neurological rehabilitation"; 7) "psychometrics and cross-cultural adaptation"; 8) "gait-balance analysis and Parkinson's disease"; 9) "exercise"; 10) "respiratory physical therapy"; and 11) "back pain." The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia were the most productive countries. Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden had the highest citation impact. Our bibliometric visualization approach makes it possible to comprehensively study the thematic structure of physical therapy. The ranking of producers has evolved and now includes China and Brazil. High research production does not imply a high citation impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to huge and rapid changes in general practice in Norway as in the rest of Europe. This paper aims to explore to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic changed the work tasks and organization of Norwegian general practice. Material and method: We analysed data from the Norwegian part of the international, cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study, collecting data from general practice via an online self-reported questionnaire. We included 130 Norwegian general practices, representing an estimated 520 Norwegian general practitioners (GPs). All Norwegian GPs were invited to participate. In the analyses, we focused on items related to the use of alternatives to face-to-face consultations, changes in the workload, tasks and delegated responsibilities of both the GPs and other personnel in the GP offices, adaptations in routines related to hygiene measures, triage of patients, and how the official rules and recommendations affected the practices. Results: There was a large and significant increase in the use of all forms of alternative consultation forms (digital text-based, video- and telephone consultations). The use of several different infection prevention measures were significantly increased, and the provision of hand sanitizer to patients increased from 29.6% pre-pandemic to 95.1% since the pandemic. More than half of the GPs (59.5%) reported that their responsibilities in the practice had increased, and 41% were happy with the task shift. 27% felt that they received adequate support from the government; however, 20% reported that guidelines from the government posed a threat to the well-being of the practice staff. We found no associations with the rurality of the practice location or size of the municipalities. Conclusion: Norwegian GPs adapted well to the need for increased use of alternatives to face-to-face consultations, and reported a high acceptance of their increased responsibilities. However, only one in four received adequate support from the government, which is an important learning point for similar situations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The authors compare perspectives on external evaluation of health service provision between Norway and the USA. External inspection and accreditation are examples of internationally wide-spread external evaluation methods used to assess the quality of care given to patients. Different countries have different national policy strategies and arrangements set up to do these evaluations. Although there is growing attention to the impact and effects on quality and safety from external evaluation, there is still a gap in knowledge to how structures and processes influence these outcomes. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to describe the structures and processes in external evaluation designed to promote quality improvement in Norway and the USA with attention to comparison of enablers and barriers in external evaluation systems. Design/methodology/approach: Data collection consisted of documentary evidence retrieved from governmental policies, and reviews of the Joint Commission (the US), international guidelines, recommendations and reports from the International Society for Quality in Health Care, and the World Health Organization, and policies and regulations related to Norwegian governmental bodies such as the Ministry of Health and Care Services, the Norwegian Directorate of Health, and the Norwegian Board of Health Supervision. Data were analyzed inspired by a deductive, direct content analytical framework. Findings: The authors found that both accreditation and inspection are strategies put in place to ensure that healthcare providers have adequate quality systems as well as contributing to the wider risk and safety enhancing management and implementation processes in the organizations subjected to evaluation. The US and the Norwegian external regulatory landscapes are complex and include several policymaking and governing institutions. The Norwegian regulatory framework for inspection has replaced an individual blame logic with a model which "blames" the system for inadequate quality and patient harm. This contrasts with the US accreditation system, which focuses on accreditation visits. Although findings indicate an ongoing turning point in accreditation, findings also demonstrate that involving patients and next of kin directly in adverse event inspections is a bigger part of a change in external inspection culture and methods than in processes of accreditation. Research limitations/implications: The message of this paper is important for policymakers, and bodies of inspection and accreditation because knowledge retrieved from the comparative document study may contribute to better understanding of the implications from the different system designs and in turn contribute to improving external evaluations. Originality/value: Although there is a growing attention to the impact and effects on quality and safety from external evaluation, the implications of different regulatory strategies and arrangements for evaluation on quality and safety remain unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unequal divisions of paid work and care among new parents contribute to increasing inequalities. One explanation for this is joint utility maximization and the benefits of partners (temporarily) specializing in paid work and care. This paper examines the (dis)advantages of specializing compared to dividing tasks more equally by studying whether differences in specialization between same-sex and different-sex couples lead to differences in household earnings after entering parenthood. Using register data from Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden and examining first-time parents, we show that female couples have a more equal within-couple income development during the transition to parenthood than different-sex couples do. However, we find no differences in household income (including or excluding social transfers) between the two types of couples. Although a more equal task division may be preferred from an individual perspective, our results show no evidence of a "best strategy" when it comes to maximizing household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Various genomic variants that are statistically associated with breast cancer (BC) have been discovered and robustly replicated as a result of different genome-wide association studies. Such findings have led to the development of a different risk classification with the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS). In this paper, we have calculated the PRS of the Norwegian samples using various PRS models, compared their performances, and then evaluated the PRS-based lifetime risk of developing BC. The best performing PRS model includes 3820 SNPs (AUC = 0.625 and OR = 1.567), and the other studied models also provide closer performances. The results show that the PRS can be a useful instrument for lifetime risk stratification of developing BC in the Norwegian population, and can thus be utilized in the BC screening program. Background: Statistical associations of numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) have been identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Recent evidence suggests that a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) can be a useful risk stratification instrument for a BC screening strategy, and a PRS test has been developed for clinical use. The performance of the PRS is yet unknown in the Norwegian population. Aim: To evaluate the performance of PRS models for BC in a Norwegian dataset. Methods: We investigated a sample of 1053 BC cases and 7094 controls from different regions of Norway. PRS values were calculated using four PRS models, and their performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) and the odds ratio (OR). The effect of the PRS on the age of onset of BC was determined by a Cox regression model, and the lifetime absolute risk of developing BC was calculated using the iCare tool. Results: The best performing PRS model included 3820 SNPs, which yielded an AUC = 0.625 and an OR = 1.567 per one standard deviation increase. The PRS values of the samples correlate with an increased risk of BC, with a hazard ratio of 1.494 per one standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval of 1.406–1.588). The individuals in the highest decile of the PRS have at least twice the risk of developing BC compared to the individuals with a median PRS. The results in this study with Norwegian samples are coherent with the findings in the study conducted using Estonian and UK Biobank samples. Conclusion: The previously validated PRS models have a similar observed accuracy in the Norwegian data as in the UK and Estonian populations. A PRS provides a meaningful association with the age of onset of BC and lifetime risk. Therefore, as suggested in Estonia, a PRS may also be integrated into the screening strategy for BC in Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines populous perspectives of the government's responsibility to intervene in situations of possible parental neglect of children in England, Finland, Norway, and California (USA), and ask if institutional context, defined as child protection system and children´s wellbeing situation, are formative for people's perspectives on government responsibility for children in vulnerable situations and how they view children´s future. With representative samples of populations responses to a survey vignette using ordered logistic regression, findings indicate that the institutional context shed some light on differences on state responsibility. However, similarly to welfare state research, there are differences and contradictions in important dimensions that require further investigation, especially on citizens perceptions of neglect and on intrusive interventions. Citizens with a comparatively higher education are evidently much more supportive of state responsibility for children and child protection interventions than other citizens. This finding is similar to those of other studies of state responsibility. Overall, there is a high level of support in populations for the provision of public services to children and families in vulnerable situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: The purpose of this paper is to describe rates of forearm fractures in adults in Norway 2008–2019. Incidence rate of distal forearm fractures declined over time in both sexes. Forearm fracture constitute a significant health burden and prevention strategies are needed. Purpose: To assess age- and sex-specific incidence rates, and time trends for forearm fractures in Norway, and compare these with incidence rates in other Nordic countries. Methods: Data on all patients aged 20–107 years with forearm fractures treated in Norwegian hospitals from 2008 to 2019 was retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Fractures were identified based on International Classification of Disease 10th revision code S52. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and changes in incidence rates were calculated. Results: We identified 181,784 forearm fractures in 45,628,418 person-years. Mean annual forearm fracture incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 398 (95% CI 390–407) for all, 565 (95% CI 550–580) for women, and 231 (95% CI 228–234) for men above 20 years. Mean annual number of forearm fractures was 15,148 (95% CI 14,575–15,722). From 2008 to 2019, age-adjusted total incidence rates of forearm fractures S52 diagnoses declined by 3.5% (incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.997 (95% CI 0.994–0.999)) in men. The corresponding decline in women was not significant (IRR: 0.999 (95% CI 0.997–1.002)). In the same period, the age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures declined by 7.0% in men (IRR = 0.930; 95% CI 0.886–0.965) and 4.7% in women (IRR = 0.953; 95% CI 0.919–0.976). The incidence rates of distal forearm fractures were similar to rates in Sweden and Finland. Conclusion: Age-adjusted incidence rates of distal forearm fractures in both sexes declined over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in 'expectancy-value' theory, this paper reports on the psychometric properties of an instrument intended to measure students' motivation in mathematics. The participants were 2045 third-, fourth- and fifth-grade students from Estonia, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Serbia and Sweden. The Expectancy-Value Scale (EVS) was found to be suitable for early grades of primary education in measuring competence self-perceptions and subjective task values relative to the mathematics field. The results indicate a good model fit aligned with the expectancy-value theory. The EVS dimensions showed good reliability, and scalar invariance was established. However, findings also indicated high correlations between some of the EVS dimensions, which is well documented for students at this age. The findings are discussed relative to the 'expectancy-value' theory framework and students' age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making sure that health surveillance data are integrated into public health planning and decision-making is demanding. Politicians and their administration may lack knowledge, interest, or will to take it into account. Politics is at its core solution-driven, and this need for imminent action may outweigh the importance of solid knowledge. This paper focuses on Norwegian municipalities and fleshes out two factors that may provide an enabling environment for educating relevant personnel in health surveillance data; i) the existence of a public health coordinator and ii) the set-up of inter-sectoral working groups. We have anticipated that those organisational resources play an important role in linking the bodies of information provided in the municipalities' health surveillance document ; the municipal health profile ; and the health promotion priorities. The findings confirm the anticipated centrality of organisational resources. Having dedicated and inter-sectoral organizational resources working as boundary spanners – such as public health coordinators – is decisive to meeting the demands of current public health challenges. Moreover, dedication is useless unless there is a critical volume of the coordinator's work. It is only when she/he is in a full position that the profile is fully integrated. The study further identifies other conducive conditions for integration. For example, does knowledge on health determinants resides not only in statistical data, but also in qualitative experiences of people and professional practitioners. Of interest for further research is to explore how to educate such organisations to integrate such experiences into health promotion action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that the trauma population has needs for rehabilitation services that are best provided in a continuous and coordinated way. The discharge destination after acute care is the second step to ensuring quality of care. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the factors associated with the discharge destination for the overall trauma population. This paper aims to identify sociodemographic, geographical, and injury-related factors associated with discharge destination following acute care at trauma centers for patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic injuries. Methods: A multicenter, population-based, prospective study was conducted with patients of all ages with traumatic injury [New Injury Severity Score (NISS) > 9] admitted within 72 h after the injury to regional trauma centers in southeastern and northern Norway over a 1-year period (2020). Results: In total, 601 patients were included; a majority (76%) sustained severe injuries, and 22% were discharged directly to specialized rehabilitation. Children were primarily discharged home, and most of the patients ≥ 65 years to their local hospital. Depending on the centrality of their residence [Norwegian Centrality Index (NCI) 1–6, where 1 is most central], we found that patients residing in NCI 3–4 and 5–6 areas sustained more severe injuries than patients residing in NCI 1–2 areas. An increase in the NISS, number of injuries, or a spinal injury with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 3 was associated with discharge to local hospitals and specialized rehabilitation than to home. Patients with an AIS ≥ 3 head injury (RRR 6.1, 95% Confidence interval 2.80–13.38) were significantly more likely to be discharged to specialized rehabilitation than patients with a less severe head injury. Age < 18 years was negatively associated with discharge to a local hospital, while NCI 3–4, preinjury comorbidity, and increased severity of injuries in the lower extremities were positively associated. Conclusions: Two-thirds of the patients sustained severe traumatic injury, and 22% were discharged directly to specialized rehabilitation. Age, centrality of the residence, preinjury comorbidity, injury severity, length of hospital stay, and the number and specific types of injuries were factors that had the greatest influence on discharge destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) among employed persons, the association between HL and non-employment, assessing whether this has changed over the last two decades. To identify susceptible groups for HL-related work problems and examine the association between HL and co-worker relations. Cross-sectional analyses of working-age participants (20–66 years). HL was defined as the pure-tone average threshold of 0.5–4 kHz in the better hearing ear: 20–34 dB (mild) or ≥35 dB (disabling). Associations were assessed with logistic regression. Data from two waves of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT): HUNT2 1996–1998 (N = 38,603), HUNT4 2017–2019 (N = 19,614). The nationally weighted prevalence of HL among employees was 5.8%. HL was associated with non-employment, more strongly in HUNT2 (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–2.4) than HUNT4 (OR 1.9, CI 1.7–2.1). HL was not associated with poorer co-worker relations. The association between HL and non-optimal work performance was stronger among white-collar workers than blue-collar workers. Our study shows that HL is common in the employed population. It also indicates a weakened association between HL and non-employment in recent generations. White-collar workers appear to be more vulnerable to HL-related work problems than blue-collar workers. This paper evaluates employment and work performance among hearing impaired. We show a prevalence of hearing loss (HL) among employed persons of 5.8% and that HL is associated with higher odds of non-employment. Our study indicates that the association between HL and non-employment has weakened in recent generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Research in palliative care (PC) is often regarded as challenging due to the vulnerability of the population and other peculiarities. We aim to systematically identify barriers to research in PC in the literature. Methods The electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE were searched for papers published in the last 25 years. Citations and then abstracts were screened for inclusion. Original papers were included on first-level analysis. On a second level reviews, reports, and position papers were analyzed. Papers containing a direct patient report were specifically analyzed. Barriers were categorized (ethical considerations, financial and time expenses, study design and methodology, human resources and politics) and results quantified. Results Twenty-one original papers and 65 other papers were included. Five studies involved patients directly, five were systematic reviews, three were study experiences, and seven were surveys or workshop reports. Most papers originated from UK, USA, or Norwegian Universities. Ethics and methods were the most often mentioned categories on both levels. Accrual, attrition, and gatekeeping were frequently named barriers. Complex invasive studies or possible side effects hinder patients' participation, as patients are often willing to participate for altruistic motivations. Discussion Barriers to PC research are ethical concerns and methodological challenges. Possible strategies to overcome methodological barriers include international collaborative efforts to include more patients and improve study designs. Ethical barriers indicate the need for patient involvement in the research development process and tailoring research specifically to the PC population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal data have the potential to explore emerging learning practices that extend human cognitive capacities. A critical issue stretching in many multimodal learning analytics (MLA) systems and studies is the current focus aimed at supporting researchers to model learner behaviours, rather than directly supporting learners. Moreover, many MLA systems are designed and deployed without learners' involvement. We argue that in order to create MLA interfaces that directly support learning, we need to gain an expanded understanding of how multimodal data can support learners' authentic needs. We present a qualitative study in which 40 computer science students were tracked in an authentic learning activity using wearable and static sensors. Our findings outline learners' curated representations about multimodal data and the non‐technical challenges in using these data in their learning practice. The paper discusses 10 dimensions that can serve as guidelines for researchers and designers to create effective and ethically aware student‐facing MLA innovations. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Many MLA systems are designed without learners' involvement.Understanding of how multimodal data can support learners' authentic needs is needed.MLA have the potential to enable the automated generation of models to provide real‐time feedback. What this paper adds: Understanding how learners perceive multimodal data and the learning context.The findings outline the soft challenges in using multimodal data in the learning practice.Ten dimensions were identified to serve as guidelines for researchers and designers.The paper reports learners' perspectives describing new, intriguing, and under‐developed ideas about potential uses of multimodal data in educational context.The discussion on the need for human‐centred design approaches for educational technologies has been presented. Implications for practice and/or policy: Relevant pointers for what is appropriate and ethically necessary when designing learning technologies.Change in perspective among educators, on how they address progress and engagement in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer survivors are a diverse group with varying needs that are patient-, disease-, and/or treatment-specific. Cancer survivors have reported supplementing conventional anti-cancer treatment with Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM). Although female cancer survivors are reported to have more severe anticancer adverse effects, little is known about the association between anticancer treatment and T&CM use among Norwegian cancer survivors. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate (1) associations between cancer diagnosis characteristics and T&CM utilization and (2) associations between anticancer treatment and T&CM utilization among cancer survivors in the seventh survey of the Tromsø study. Methods: Data was collected from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study conducted in 2015-16 among all inhabitants of Tromsø municipality aged 40 and above (response rate 65%), where inhabitants received online and paper form questionnaires. Data from the data linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway for cancer diagnosis characteristics was also used. The final study sample was made up of 1307 participants with a cancer diagnosis. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test while independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables. Results: The use of T&CM the preceding 12 months was reported by 31.2% of the participants with natural remedies as the most reported modality of T&CM (18.2%, n = 238), followed by self-help practices of meditation, yoga, qigong, or tai chi, which was reported by 8.7% (n = 114). Users of T&CM were significantly younger (p =.001) and more likely to be female (p <.001) than the non-users, with higher use of T&CM among female survivors with poor self-reported health and being 1–5 years post-diagnosis. Lower use of T&CM was found among female survivors who received a combination of surgery with hormone therapy and those who received a combination of surgery with hormone therapy and radiotherapy. Similar usage was seen in male survivors, but not at a significant level. For both male and female survivors, T&CM was most frequently used by those with only one cancer diagnosis (p =.046). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the profile of the Norwegian cancer survivor who uses T&M is slightly changing compared to previous findings. Additionally, compared to male survivors, more clinical factors are associated with use of T&CM among female cancer survivors. These results should serve as a reminder to conventional health care providers to discuss the use of T&CM with patients across the entire cancer survivorship continuum to promote safe use, especially among female survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preschool educators may be important role models influencing children's physical activity (PA) behaviours. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between educators' and children's PA and sedentary time (SED) by including 1230 children (mean age 4.8 yrs, 48% girls) and 422 educators (mean age 42.4 yrs, 90% women) from 68 preschools in Western Norway. PA and SED were measured over 10 preschool days using hip worn ActiGraph GT3×+ accelerometers. Associations between child and educator PA and SED during preschool hours, determined by multivariate pattern analyses, provided explained variances (R2) = 2.8–5.2%. Levels of educator moderate PA were positively related to child PA (all intensities) and educator vigorous PA were positively related to child vigorous PA, while educator light PA was negatively associated with PA and positively associated with child SED. Educator SED were positively associated with child vigorous PA and negatively associated to child SED. Association patterns were similar for boys and girls, while educator moderate and vigorous PA were more strongly related to the younger vs. the older children's PA. The positive relationships between educators' moderate and vigorous PA and children's PA found herein suggest educators' PA behaviours should be addressed in future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in all Nordic countries which, though similar in demographics and healthcare systems, have noticeable differences in lung cancer survival. Historically, Denmark and Finland have had higher lung cancer incidences and lower survival than Norway and Sweden. All four countries have national cancer registries. Data in these registries are often compared, but their full potential as a source of learning across the Nordic countries is impeded by differences between the registries. In this paper, we describe and compare the Nordic registries on lung cancer–specific data and discuss how a more harmonized registration practice could increase their usefulness as a source for mutual learning and quality improvements. We describe and compare the characteristics of data on lung cancer cases from registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Moreover, we compare the results from the latest annual reports and specify how data may be acquired from the registries for research. Denmark has a separate clinical lung cancer registry with more detailed data than the other Nordic countries. Finland and Norway report lung cancer survival as relative survival, whereas Denmark and Sweden report overall survival. The Danish Lung Cancer Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry do not receive data from the Cause of Death registries in contrast to the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Cancer Registry of Norway. The lung cancer registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden have high level of completeness. However, several important differences between the registries may bias comparative analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2003, Norway implemented an 'Introduction Programme' that aimed to increase labour market inclusion among newly arrived immigrants. Its main objectives were to facilitate free courses in Norwegian language training and social studies, and education or on-the-job training. The participants were given an allowance to attend the programme. This paper uses administrative register data to evaluate the effect of the Norwegian introduction programme on female immigrants' employment and earnings prospects. The sample consists of female immigrants from Asia or Africa who immigrated to Norway 18 months before or after the implementation of the introduction programme. The study measures their probability of being employed and their mean earnings 4–6 and 7–9 years after immigration. The results show that the Norwegian introduction programme had a small but significant effect on women's employment, but not on their earnings. This article suggests that the small effect of the programme on employment and non-effect on earnings may imply a displacement effect rather than an improvement in language skills and labour market skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The development and promotion of educational games are still outpacing knowledge of these games' effects, raising calls for evidence of benefits and challenges. Studies suggest that students and teachers like games, but the payoff of the investment in terms of increased motivation and achievement remains unclear. Objectives: This study investigates the pure effect of a marketing simulation game on motivation, perceived learning and achievement, above and beyond regular student‐active instruction. Methods: We applied a randomized, controlled experiment in a marketing course in upper‐secondary schools (Nclasses = 22; Nstudents = 433) comparing a collaborative–competitive marketing simulation game with regular, case‐based, student‐active instruction on three groups of outcome measures: motivation, perceived ability, and achievement. Additionally, students and teachers provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on game experiences. Results and Conclusions: We showcase the importance of a robust study design with valid compound instruments. Moreover, investigations of the game implementation and experiences reveal insights about intervention timing, differential negative consequences by gender and need for reflection opportunities. We find no clear evidence of positive or negative effects of the game, despite students' and teachers' satisfaction. Implications: Beyond the effect evaluation, we offer recommendations to researchers and developers of educational games about scaffolding, timing and teacher competence building. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Some curricula contains many terms and complex knowledge links.Simulation games are a popular remedy for these challenges.Prior studies have relied on users' satisfaction with the game and unrealistic comparisons. What this paper adds: This experiment compares game usage and regular student‐active instruction.They use various measures of satisfaction, motivation, perceived learning and achievement.The game has no effect on main outcomes. Implications for practice and/or policy: Game implementation requires digitally acquainted and trained teachers.Uncritical game design and use may motivate competitive boys over collaborative girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates different uses of the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) in national journal rankings and discusses the merits of supplementing metrics with expert assessment. Our focus is national journal rankings used as evidence to support decisions about the distribution of institutional funding or career advancement. The seven countries under comparison are China, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Turkey—and the region of Flanders in Belgium. With the exception of Italy, top‐tier journals used in national rankings include those classified at the highest level, or according to tier, or points implemented. A total of 3,565 (75.8%) out of 4,701 unique top‐tier journals were identified as having a JIF, with 55.7% belonging to the first Journal Impact Factor quartile. Journal rankings in China, Flanders, Poland, and Turkey classify journals with a JIF as being top‐tier, but only when they are in the first quartile of the Average Journal Impact Factor Percentile. Journal rankings that result from expert assessment in Denmark, Finland, and Norway regularly classify journals as top‐tier outside the first quartile, particularly in the social sciences and humanities. We conclude that experts, when tasked with metric‐informed journal rankings, take into account quality dimensions that are not covered by JIFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the needs of older adults for social interaction by investigating how local and everyday communities are produced by service organisations and experienced by their patrons. We approach the social needs of older adults through the lens of 'community,' both as a concept and as a lived experience. Our attention to communities of peers and arenas for everyday interaction is discussed in the context of the dominant policy discourse of 'ageing in place.' In this discourse, 'place' is predominantly interpreted as physical infrastructure, with little formal recognition of the importance of the arenas of social everyday interaction for older adults outside the home/family. Our exploration draws on the empirical study of three organisations in Toronto, Canada and Bergen, Norway that, in various ways, represent places for everyday interaction. We discuss how belonging is understood from the perspective of different older groups and how it is facilitated by organisations and services, through the creation of shared, informal social spaces. Even though there is considerable difference in size, aesthetics, target population and geographical impact field, all three organisations offered their patrons a space for informal social interaction in which they were allowed to claim the space as their own. Our analysis indicates a pronounced need for a diversity of arenas for older adults to interact socially. Furthermore, we portray how these spaces for everyday interaction are created often in addition to, or even in divergence from, the official mission of these organisations, in a form of co-optation by patrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature on Inequality of opportunity (IOp) in health distinguishes between circumstances that lie outside of own control vs. efforts that - to varying extents - are within one's control. From the perspective of IOp, this paper aims to explain variations in individuals' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by focusing on two separate sets of variables that clearly lie outside of own control: Parents' health is measured by their experience of somatic diseases, psychological problems and any substance abuse, while parents' wealth is indicated by childhood financial conditions (CFC). We further include own educational attainment which may represent a circumstance, or an effort, and examine associations of IOp for different health outcomes. HRQoL are measured by EQ-5D-5L utility scores, as well as the probability of reporting limitations on specific HRQoL-dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual-activities, pain & discomfort, and anxiety and depression).Method: We use unique survey data (N = 20,150) from the egalitarian country of Norway to investigate if differences in circumstances produce unfair inequalities in health. We estimate cross-sectional regression models which include age and sex as covariates. We estimate two model specifications. The first represents a narrow IOp by estimating the contributions of parents' health and wealth on HRQoL, while the second includes own education and thus represents a broader IOp, alternatively it provides a comparison of the relative contributions of an effort variable and the two sets of circumstance variables.Results: We find strong associations between the circumstance variables and HRQoL. A more detailed examination showed particularly strong associations between parental psychological problems and respondents' anxiety and depression. Our Shapley decomposition analysis suggests that parents' health and wealth are each as important as own educational attainment for explaining inequalities in adult HRQoL.Conclusion: We provide evidence for the presence of the lasting effect of early life circumstances on adult health that persists even in one of the most egalitarian countries in the world. This suggests that there may be an upper limit to how much a generous welfare state can contribute to equal opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore alcohol consumption among older Norwegian adults with symptoms of cognitive decline, assess the agreement between the reports of older adults and their next of kin regarding a person's alcohol consumption, and explore clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with agreement. Alcohol consumption was measured among 3608 older adults consulting specialist health care for symptoms of cognitive decline. Agreement between the participant and their next of kin regarding the participant's alcohol consumption was assessed with a weighted kappa (κ). A logistic regression analysis for hierarchical data was used to explore variables associated with agreement. Both the participants and their next of kin reported that more than 20% of the participants consumed alcohol 1–3 times a week, and that approximately 10% consumed alcohol four or more times a week. The agreement between the participant's and their next of kin's report regarding the participant's alcohol consumption was high (κ =.852), and variables associated with agreement were no cognitive decline, not drinking alcohol during the last year or ever as reported by the participant, and low agitation scores on a psychiatric assessment. This paper found alcohol consumption among older adults with symptoms of cognitive decline that was above the national average in Norway. This is also the first paper to demonstrate that a next of kin can be a reliable source of information regarding older adults' alcohol consumption. Health personnel should consider these findings when performing medical assessments or developing interventions for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The scope of this priority‐setting process is communication and collaboration in transitional care for patients with acute stroke. Actively involving persons with stroke and their family caregivers is important both in transitional care and when setting priorities for research. Established priority‐setting methods are time‐consuming and require extensive resources. They are therefore not feasible in small‐scale research. This article describes a pragmatic priority‐setting process to identify a prioritized top 10 list of research needs regarding transitional care for patients with acute stroke. Methods: A pragmatic priority‐setting approach inspired by the James Lind Alliance was developed. It involves establishing a user group, identifying the research needs through an online survey, analysing and checking the research needs against systematic reviews, culminating in an online prioritization of the top 10 list. Results: The process was completed in 7 months. A total of 122 patients, family caregivers, health personnel and caseworkers submitted 484 research needs, and 19 users prioritized the top 10 list. The list includes the categories 'patients and caregivers' needs and health literacy', 'health personnel's common understanding', 'information flow between health personnel and patients and caregivers', 'available interventions and follow‐up of patients and caregivers', 'interaction and collaboration between health personnel and caseworkers across hospital and primary healthcare' and 'disabilities after stroke'. Conclusion: This paper outlines a pragmatic approach to identifying and prioritizing users' research needs that was completed in 7 months. The top 10 list resulting from this priority setting process can guide future research relating to communication and collaboration during the transition from hospital to the community for patients with stroke. Patient and Public Contribution: Members of three stroke organizations participated in the advisory group. They gave feedback on the scope and the process, distributed the surveys and prioritized the top 10 list. Persons with stroke and their caregivers submitted research needs in the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Scandinavian countries, reablement has become a principle permeating all parts of elderly care, hence potentially transforming care and care work. This article explores the advent of new knowledge paradigms and practices of physiotherapists and occupational therapists transforming reabling care in particular ways, leading to what we term a logic of training emerging in the field. These professional groups have obtained a dominant position as reablement specialists in Norway and Denmark, where our extensive fieldwork was performed as part of a 3‐year research project. Taking inspiration from Annemarie Mol's concept of logic, we study how professional practices are organised and infused with specific values, meanings and ideals in situated contexts. We hence explore the logic of training, its abstracted image of the body and rational goal‐oriented model for progress measurement and its ramifications when addressing ageing bodies in a complex field marked by the unpredictabilities of the social and lived bodies, administrative rules and temporalities and the quest for empowering and involving clients. The paper concludes by pointing at new contradictions arising when practicing reabling care and particularly points out the tensions arising in care relations, where ambitions on empowering and disciplining the client and the elderly body may collide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing numbers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) people are becoming foster parents in several western countries. The LGBTQ perspective on the child welfare system has received little attention in practice, research and policy. Despite their increased rights, LGBTQ foster parents continue to face challenges related to fostering. Knowledge is needed on LGBTQ individual perceptions of the process of becoming foster parents, including barriers and facilitating factors. This paper reports on the experiences of 13 gay or lesbian foster parents in Norway. The study shows a lack of knowledge about the possibility of becoming foster parents due to lack of information directed at them as a minority group. Participants felt vulnerable and experienced "minority stress" before encountering the child welfare system, while mainly experienced the encounter with the staff as good and respectful. Although several valued being treated "like everyone else" by the system, others questioned why LGBTQ‐specific parenting issues were not raised and discussed. Apart from lack of information, the process towards foster parenting seemed mostly hampered by participants' own assumptions that sexual identity would be a barrier and to some extent biological parents' refusal. The study suggests that foster care and child welfare services would benefit from information in recruitment of foster parents, aiming at being more inclusive. Furthermore, we address gender and sexuality diversity related to foster care work and highlight the strengths and challenges it may offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies encourage the service system to work in new ways to promote health and increase social equality. This paper presents four categories that show the character of the low-threshold services in Norwegian family centres from the professionals' and parents' perspectives, focusing on accessibility and participation: easy access, low level of bureaucracy, collaborative competences and inclusive arena. This paper is based on an inductive study in three municipalities that have chosen to establish family centres as interdisciplinary co-located services that aim to offer low-threshold services for children and their families. Data were generated through a fieldwork, and participatory observation and interviews were the main source of data. The methodological framework for the analysis was grounded theory, in which the data generation and analysis interchanged throughout the study, and theoretical sampling set the focus for the fieldwork. Exploring the actor's perspective highlighted both strengths and challenges with the low-threshold services in the family centres. The four elements presented emphasize that the value of these low-threshold services are not found in one single hallmark; rather, the value depends on an interaction between different elements that must be addressed when establishing, evaluating and developing low-threshold services in family centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject: Previous studies of interdisciplinarity and nursing responsibilities have mainly focused on outcomes such as patient safety, job satisfaction and organizational factors.Mental health nurses often describe role confusion in relation to other health professionals.Opportunities for interdisciplinary communication with other professionals may benefit health care. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: The current large‐scale study is the first to investigate whether mental health and SUD nurses' perceptions of their opportunities to accommodate patients' needs are related to interdisciplinarity in the treatment unit and a nursing role with clearly defined responsibilities.Strong interdisciplinarity was associated with greater perceived opportunities to accommodate patients' psychosocial, somatic, and economic and legal needs, while strictly defined nursing roles/responsibilities were related to weaker opportunities to do so. What are the implications of practice: The findings highlight the need to address how mental health and SUD nurses organize practice to meet patients' diverse needsInterdisciplinary teamwork could strengthen nurses' ability to address patient needsFinding the best possible balance of providing service in teams or individually could improve resource utilization at the same time as strengthening patient care, and making sure that the patients' various needs are met. Introduction: Nurses' roles in specialist mental health and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment services are multidimensional and complex. Their responsibility, autonomy and interdisciplinary collaboration may be of importance for their perceived opportunities to accommodate patients' health needs. Previous studies of interdisciplinarity and nursing responsibilities have mainly focused on outcomes such as patient safety, job satisfaction and organizational factors, and included relatively small samples. The studies have also mainly been conducted in other sectors than the mental health and SUD nursing sectors. Aim/Question: The aim of this study is to examine the associations between nurses' roles, interdisciplinarity and their perceived opportunities to accommodate patients' psychosocial, somatic and economic/legal needs. Method: A cross‐sectional web‐based questionnaire survey was conducted in a nationwide sample of Norwegian nurses in the mental health, SUD treatment and combined mental health and SUD treatment sectors. Of 5,501 contactable nurses (74% of the population), 1918 (35%) responded. Results: The results revealed that interdisciplinarity was significantly associated with greater perceived opportunity to accommodate patient needs, whereas strictly defined nursing roles/responsibilities were associated with less opportunity to accommodate these needs. Discussion/Implication for practice: Facilitation of interdisciplinary collaboration may improve quality of care for patients in mental health and SUD treatment services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of educational institutions in the field of nursing is to educate nurses with the competences to provide high-quality care to their patients, meaning that students need to learn about evidence-based practice and how to translate the knowledge, skills, competency, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours into daily practice. The bachelor thesis is the ultimate test for undergraduate nursing students to present what they have learned. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate nursing students' experiences of conducting clinical projects in their bachelor theses. Methods: We used qualitative focus-group interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the students' experiences of conducting clinical projects in their bachelor theses as an approach to learn about evidence-based practice. The analyses focused on meaning according to Brinkmann and Kvale. Results: Eighteen out of 22 eligible students who had chosen to participate in ongoing clinical research projects and write an academic paper as their bachelor thesis were included in this study. The students were all females and divided into three focus groups. The clinical projects were conducted in a public hospital, a private hospital, nursing homes, or within home-care nursing. The analyses showed that conducting clinical projects in the bachelor thesis provided the students with important knowledge for providing evidence-based care and it. motivated them to want to initiate future clinical projects as nurses., They got valuable hands-on experience for how to conduct research, and made the students aware of the importance of keeping themselves updated on the latest knowledge. Conclusion: Conducting clinical research projects on a bachelor level provide undergraduate nursing students with important knowledge of how to provide evidence-based nursing care to their patients. Learning how to conduct clinical research projects is also important for motivating future nurses to initiate research aiming to improve clinical nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to bring together the fields of participatory design, design for all, accessible music, tangible interaction and musicking to propose musicking for all, where participants can take part on their own terms, with their own intentions, initiatives and interpretations. The goal is to promote well-being and health among the participants. Design/methodology/approach – Co-creative tangibles to enable musicking for all have been created and evaluated in a research project. The paper uses the experiences so far in this project to propose "musicking for all", based on the fields mentioned in "Purpose" above. Findings – Participatory design, design for all and tangible interaction forms a promising basis for musicking for all. Challenges/paradoxes emerge when applying participatory design approaches to design work involving disabled children. Originality/value – The paper contributes with an original view on musicking for disabled children, and proposes musicking for all based on the fields of research mentioned in "Purpose" above. The value in the contribution is a fresh view on co-creative tangibles for disabled children, and a suggested way forward to improve health and well-being for this user group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates hearers’ use of response tokens (back-channels), in maintaining and differentiating their actions. Initial observations suggest that hearers produce a sequence of phonetically similar responses to disengage from the current topic, and dissimilar responses to engage with the current topic. This is studied systematically by combining detailed interactional and phonetic analysis in a collection of naturally-occurring talk in Norwegian. The interactional analysis forms the basis for labeling actions as maintained (‘doing the same’) and differentiated (‘NOT doing the same’), which is then used as a basis for phonetic analysis. The phonetic analysis shows that certain phonetic characteristics, including pitch, loudness, voice quality and articulatory characteristics, are associated with ‘doing the same’, as different from ‘NOT doing the same’. Interactional analysis gives further evidence of how this differentiation is of systematic relevance in the negotiations of a next turn. This paper addresses phonetic variation and variability by focusing on the relationship between sequence and phonetics in the turn-by-turn development of meaning. This has important implications for linguistic/phonetic research, and for the study of back-channels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Services providing support for children and families are often described as fragmented and more concerned with the boundaries of their fields of responsibility than collaborating with other sectors. To meet the need for greater collaboration, there is increased impetus for establishing interdisciplinary services, such as family centres. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study based on in‐depth interviews and participant observation in 3 Norwegian family centres. The findings provide insight into central challenges in developing new practices within the field of family support; we discuss how intersectorial collaboration is constructed in relation to the core objectives of the family centre, professional competence, and service stability. This study demonstrates that both managers and professionals struggle with prioritizing intersectorial work, which mainly focuses on prevention and health promotion, over and above their traditional sectoral responsibilities. It also illustrates the necessity of articulating intersectorial collaboration as an explicit aim and exploring its implications and examining how this contributes to family centres building supportive communities. Building integrated services is not the ultimate goal of this particular form of service provision but rather the first step towards building interconnected support systems for all children in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acupuncture and other forms of so-called alternative treatments, originating outside the West, have increasingly become an integrated part of the repertoire of medical practices widely used in health care remote from their places of origin. The main aim of this paper is to elucidate the cultural translation of Chinese medical concepts in a Western, acupuncture setting located far from China. Drawing on material from ethnographic fieldwork in acupuncture schools in Norway, this study discusses how concepts used in Chinese acupuncture are taught and interpreted for biomedically oriented students. The paper concentrates on the concept of jingluo ('circulation tracts', 'meridians') which the schools considered to be vital in order to conduct acupuncture. Similar to several other Chinese medical concepts, jingluo presents claims about the body that significantly differ from biomedical assumptions. The paper adds novel resources and insights to the research concerning medical conceptions, in that it applies the perspective of 'finitism' as developed in the field of sociology of knowledge by Barnes, Bloor and Henry (1996) in its analysis. It presents an analysis of five empirical examples demonstrating how a variety of interpretations of jingluo - many of them from different fields and some of them contradictory - were involved in establishing jingluo. Finally, by examining examples of Chinese concepts of the body, the paper seeks to contribute to the wider field of the anthropology of the body as well as to add to our understanding of the ways in which medical pluralism and globalisation of acupuncture unfolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite increased focus on parenting support internationally, there is a lack of agreement in what constitutes parenting support. This paper explores the experiences of parenting support activities from the perspective of stakeholders in Norwegian basic schools. Methods: Five focus group interviews were conducted with representatives from the schools' parent work committee, class teachers, health nurses, and social workers from nine schools. The data were interpreted using an inductive thematic analysis. Results: Three main themes emerged from the data: (1) A community for the best of the child, (2) uniting through relations, and (3) sharing knowledge and language. Parenting support was experienced as universal, relational, and multidimensional. It was related to everyday life interactions between the home, school, and the parenting community with the best interest of the child as a goal. Conclusion: To avoid reducing parents to passive recipients of expert advice, parenting support activities should be an integral part of everyday school-home-parenting community collaborations. Abbreviation: EU-The European Union; UN-The Unition Nations; CoE-The Council of Europe; NSD-The Norwegian Centre for Research Data; CTP-Class teachers in primary school; CTJS-Class teachers in junior secondary school; P-Parents; H-Health nurses; SW-Social workers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to contribute to understanding how social networks serve as an intervening pathway leading to socioeconomic health inequality among older adults in Norway. Longitudinal survey data from the second and the third waves of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing, and Generation Study were used in this paper. Hayes PROCESS was used to estimate the mediating effect of the contact frequency and the support potential of friends on the impact of social-economic position (SEP) at wave 2 on health outcomes at wave 3. The total indirect effect of the income on physical health observed was 0.04. The total indirect effect of the highest level of education attained on physical health observed was 0.12. The result showed a social-economic gradient in health among older adults in Norway where the social network is a crucial pathway via which SEP influences peoples' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what characterizes individual teachers' reflections on proposals for change in situated teamwork sessions and discuss the potential for professional development that lies in teachers' reflections. The teamwork sessions take place in the context of school-based professional development. Stimulated recall interviews (SRI) with teachers commenting on video recordings from their participation in teamwork form the empirical basis for the research. The sample consists of 17 teachers representing four teacher teams from different schools. We identified three primary types of reflection on proposals of change – comment and describe, extend and exemplify, and critical exploration. In the last type of reflection, when teachers critically explore, reflect and problematize existing practices whilst watching critical incidents that contain proposals for change, we identified tensions arising. The tensions emerged between teachers' established practices grounded in national regulations (ex. national tests, exams, documentation) and their basic assumptions, values, and beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how men who were delinquent as adolescents experience themselves as fathers. The men who took part in a longitudinal study, all in their 40s, had severe adjustment problems as teenagers, and thus have a past that causes uncertainty about their parenting abilities in the present. The paper analyses the men’s affective investments in their ways of being fathers. Four analytical categories that address the men’s fathering experiences were identified as significant in the interviews. First unsettling relations and distance from their own children, which for many of the men appeared as a recurring pattern that resembled the relationships they had with their own parents. Second, several men emphasised capacities such as personal traits or strength that made them able to make a break with the past. Third, the importance of support from others was also recognised, particularly being able to share parenthood with the children’s mother and for some, receiving help from child welfare services. Fourth, a key finding is that all the men, independent of whether they live with their children or not, experience a fragile point of balance, that is, incidents such as a relapse into drug abuse or a break in their relationship with the other parent strongly affect their relationships with their children. The difficulties these men experienced as youth intersect with their experiences of their own capacities as fathers in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In Europe, responsible research and innovation (RRI) has emerged as a science policy measure that demands the early integration of a broad range of social actors and perspectives into research and development (R&D). More collaboration of the social sciences and humanities (SSH) with science and engineering appears within this policy framework as a crucial element that will enable better technological development. However, RRI is new to both natural scientists and SSH scholars, and interdisciplinary collaborations are challenging for many reasons. In this paper, we discuss these challenges while suggesting that what RRI can be in a particular project is not a given but remains an empirical question. Natural scientists and SSH scholars need to coresearch RRI in an experimental mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]