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The most important hydrogen energy storage technologies, developed between 1974 and 2022, now enable the quality operation of global power grids that integrate alternative energy facilities (wind power, solar power, geothermal power, etc.). With the continuous large-scale penetration of converter-interfaced generation (CIG), based on the combined use of renewable energy sources (RES) and hydrogen energy storage systems (ESS), into practical power systems, the dynamic characteristics of the latter change significantly. New challenges with the power system control and stability arise due to the specific CIG properties. A positive-sequence time-domain simulation is frequently used to solve them. However, the known simplifications and limitations are inevitably applied in case of such simulation. These become critical for the CIG with RES and hydrogen ESS models due to their fast dynamics. Therefore, the validation of such simulation results becomes relevant. This paper proposes a novel validation approach based on the use of a benchmark tool Hybrid Real-Time Power System Simulator (HRTSim) instead of field measurements. A major feature of the proposed approach is the possibility of a guaranteed validation of the benchmark tool using any state of the modeled power system. A hybrid implementation of a detailed three-phase model of CIG is also developed for the HRTSim, which provides an adequate simulation of the full range of dynamic processes. The results of validation of a positive-sequence simulation of a practical power system with CIG, which includes both RES and hydrogen ESS, using the developed approach presented in this paper have allowed to identify the causes of calculation errors, as well as factors affecting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the problems associated with the integration of renewable energy sources is reducing the total inertia of the electric power system. By substituting the traditional synchronous generators to wind turbines connected to a network via power electronics devices the system the inertia constant is sharply reduced. In addition, the inertia of the system changes over time due to the wind turbine power change. Systems with lower inertia in the serious faults incident loses its stability easier. The question of the reduction of energy system inertia influence on the out-of-step mode parameters is not answered yet. Authors created a grid test model using software-hardware hybrid simulation tool HRTSim. The several experiments to determine the influence of type 4 wind turbine on the parameters of the out-of-step mode is realized. The oscillograms confirming the influence of the wind turbine on the parameters of the out-of-step mode are obtained. Problems of the influence of changes in the inertia of the power system during the integration of type 4 wind turbines on the parameters of the out-of-step mode are considered. The international experience in this field is analysed. The results of the analysis confirmed the insufficient study of this field and the almost complete lack of information about this in the grid codes of foreign countries. The experiments confirmed the theoretical expectation: the higher inertia induction stroke starts later, and the frequency slip is decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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