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Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is subject to stringent control. The misregulation of translation of certain mRNAs is often a hallmark of many diseases, including malignancies and autoimmune disorders. To understand why and how it happens, it is important to investigate the translational control of specific mRNAs. In this case, one could use reporter mRNAs in order to identify cis -acting elements responsible for regulation. Here we overview plasmid DNA (pDNA) and mRNA transfections, their pitfalls and limitations, as well as some emerging applications for mRNA transfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the immediate effect of sodium arsenite treatment on protein synthesis. Topics discussed include the role of eukaryotic cells in the rapid reduction in protein synthesis in response to various stress conditions and the phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2. The presence of at least one efficiently translated upstream open reading frame in nearly all resistant transcripts and its role in functional protein product encoding are mentioned.