1. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by the imidazole ionic liquid 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
- Author
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Wang P, Wan R, Huo W, Dong H, Chang Z, and Xia X
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Apoptosis drug effects, DNA Damage, Imidazoles toxicity, Ionic Liquids toxicity, Oxidative Stress drug effects
- Abstract
This study purposes to assess the cytotoxicity of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C
12 min]Cl) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. To this end, HepG2 cells were exposed to a range concentration of [C12 min]Cl and evaluated cell viability, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell cycle, and apoptosis-related gene expression to determine cytotoxicity. The outcomes showed that [C12 min]Cl curbed HepG2 cell growth and reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, our assay results also revealed that exposure to [C12 min]Cl prompted DNA damage and apoptosis, reduced SOD and GSH content, enhanced MDA level, and changed the cell cycle of HepG2 cells. In addition, [C12 min] Cl caused alters in the expression levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2, indicating that p53 and Bcl-2 family may be involved in the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by [C12 min]C1. In summary, these results indicate that [C12 min]Cl exerts genotoxicity, physiological toxicity and prompts apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and is not an alleged green solvent., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)- Published
- 2020
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