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Objective: To investigate the nutrition education provided by primary-care physicians (PCP).Design: An integrative review was used to examine literature on nutrition care provided by PCP from 2012 to 2018. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus using key search terms.Setting: USA, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, UK, Lebanon, Australia and New Zealand.Participants: Primary-care physicians.Results: Sixteen qualitative and quantitative studies were analysed thematically using meta-synthesis informed by the COM-B model of behaviour (capability, motivation and opportunity), to understand the influences on PCP behaviours to provide nutrition care. PCP perceive that they lack nutrition capability. While PCP motivation to provide nutrition care differs based on patient characteristics and those of their own, opportunity is influenced by medical educators, mentors and policy generated by professional and governmental organisations.Conclusions: The development of PCP capability, motivation and opportunity to provide nutrition care should begin in undergraduate medical training, and continue into PCP training, to create synergy between these behaviours for PCP to become confident providing nutrition care as an integral component of disease prevention and management in contemporary medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In this review study, we are the first to explore whether the practice nurse (PN) can act as case manager lifestyle counselling regarding weight management in primary care. Methods Multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO) were searched to identify relevant literature after 1995. Forty-five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In addition, all studies were judged on ten quality criteria by two independent reviewers. Results Especially in the last three years, many studies have been published. The majority of the studies were positive about PNs' actual role in primary care. However, several studies dealt with competency issues, including disagreement on respective roles. Thirteen studies were perceived as high quality. Only few studies had a representative sample. PNs' role in chronic disease management is spreading increasingly into lifestyle counselling. Although PNs have more time to provide lifestyle counselling than general practitioners (GPs), lack of time still remains a barrier. In some countries, PNs were rather ambiguous about their role, and they did not agree with GPs on this. Conclusion The PN can play the role of case manager lifestyle counselling regarding weight management in primary care in the UK, and wherever PNs are working under supervision of a GP and a primary health care team is already developed with agreement on roles. In countries in which a primary health care team is still in development and there is no agreement on respective roles, such as the USA, it is still the question whether the PN can play the case manager role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence of a life event (pregnancy) on nutrition awareness and the motivations for nutrition behaviour. Study design: In-depth, face-to-face interviews with five groups of 12 women: women wishing to conceive a child, women in the first, second, and third trimesters of their first pregnancy, and women in the first trimester of their second pregnancy. As is common in qualitative research, participants were selected on the basis of diversity together with maximum representativeness within normal populations with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. Results: With respect to nutrition awareness, three groups of women can be distinguished: (1) those who are ‘going all the way’; these women try to live precisely by the book, (2) those who are ‘taking the flexible way’; these women are more aware of their nutrition, but are more flexible in handling it, and (3) women who ‘continue the same way’; these women have a no-nonsense mentality and do not experience essential shifts in their nutrition awareness. The extent and fluctuations in nutrition awareness throughout preconception and pregnancy are based on three types of motivations, the interest of (1) the child, (2) the mother, and (3) the social environment. Conclusions: This study provides indications that preconception and pregnancy could indeed be a life event leading to increased general nutrition awareness that might influence women''s future nutrition-related behaviours. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A letter to the editor concerning significance of nutritional education in medical schools for physicians is presented.

Background. Theory-based interventions on nutrition guidance practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) are thought to be more effective than those that do not use theory.Objective. To assess how often and which theoretical models of behaviour change are used in research on nutrition guidance practices of PCPs.Method. A review of articles published from 1995 to October 2008 (n = 111).Results. It was found that 45% of the articles in this review included theories or theoretical models of behaviour change. No difference in proportion of model use was found with time. Model use differed between type of study. In 29% of the articles, the Transtheoretical Model was used. Little was found on authors’ views on theoretical model applicability.Conclusions. Forty-five per cent of the articles on nutrition guidance practices of PCPs published from 1995 to October 2008 included theories or theoretical models of behaviour change. It would be beneficial for nutrition behaviour change research if more researchers use theoretical models and report on applicability of the selected theory, to increase effectiveness of nutrition guidance by PCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background. One of the stakeholders in tackling the rise and health consequences of overweight and obesity is the general practice physician (GP). GPs are in a good position to inform and give nutrition guidance to overweight patients.Objective. Assessment of working mechanism of determinants of the nutrition guidance practice: noticing patients’ overweight and guidance of treatment by GPs [linear analysis of structural relations (LISREL) path model] in a longitudinal study.Methods. This longitudinal study measured data in 1992, 1997 and 2007. The 1992 LISREL path model (Hiddink GJ, Hautvast J, vanWoerkum CMJ, Fieren CJ, vantHof MA. Nutrition guidance by primary-care physicians: LISREL analysis improves understanding. Prev Med 1997; 26: 29–36.) demonstrated that ‘noticing patients’ overweight and guidance of treatment’ was directly and indirectly influenced by predisposing factors, driving forces and perceived barriers. This article defines and discusses the path analysis of the 2007 data (compared with 1997).Results. This analysis shows both similarity and differences in working mechanism of determinants of noticing patients’ overweight and guidance of treatment between 1997 and 2007. The backbone of the mechanism with four predisposing factors is the similarity. The number of driving forces and of paths through intermediary factors to the dependent variable constitutes the difference.Conclusions. The backbone of the working mechanism of determinants of the nutrition guidance practice: noticing patients’ overweight and guidance of treatment by GPs was similar in 2007 and 1997. The influence of GPs task perception on noticing patients’ overweight and guidance of treatment considerably increased in 2007 compared to 1997. The longitudinal character of this article gives a strong practice-based evidence for weight management by GPs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]