Search

The study of accounting profitability was initiated by the famous American scholars Ball and Brown in the 1960s. In recent years, with the continuous development of market economy, the continuous improvement of the accounting legal system and accounting standards for enterprises has promoted the research on accounting profit in capital market in China. Due to the restriction of some objective conditions, there are not many valuable research results on the relationship between accounting earnings and stock price changes, and the research methods suitable for the study of accounting earnings still need to be explored and summarized. The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has required listed companies to publish quarterly financial and accounting reports since 2002, and the condition of using the regression analysis method to study the accounting profit of listed companies is available. In this context, this paper designs a vector autoregressive model to study the correlation between stock price and accounting profit. First, combining the literature and the research results of accounting profit at home and abroad, this paper expounds the statistical analysis of accounting profit. Then, this paper analyzes the accounting profitability of listed companies in China from static and dynamic perspectives. Finally, according to the accounting profit status and profitability statistical analysis of accounting information, accounting profit and growth relationship, and accounting profit information and the relationship between stock prices, this paper is concluded. Also, this paper shows how to improve the profitability of listed companies and how can investors effectively use the accounting earnings information of listed companies for stock investment and put forward corresponding policy suggestions.

This paper analyzes the deficiencies of human resource allocation in the tourism industry by investigating the human resource allocation in the tourism industry, puts forward corresponding improvement measures and suggestions, and strives to provide certain guidance and helpful effects for the construction of tourism resource informatization. In this paper, a modified BP neural network model is proposed by introducing random perturbation terms on the hidden layer in the BP neural network algorithm, and the weight matrix connecting the input values is added with the random perturbation matrix to obtain a new weight matrix so that the convergence effect of the improved BP neural network algorithm is improved. Then, to address the problem that the initial weights of the long and short-term memory neural network and gated BP unit neural network have a large impact on the convergence speed and prediction accuracy of the algorithm after the initial weight selection is determined, this paper introduces the random perturbation term into the gate structure of the long and short-term memory neural network and gated BP unit neural network and proposes and connects an improved long and short-term memory neural network and gated BP unit neural network. The weight matrix of the input values is added with the random perturbation matrix to obtain the new weight matrix so that the convergence effect of the improved long and short-term memory neural network algorithm and the gated BP unit neural network algorithm is improved. Constructing the human resource allocation model of the tourism industry and proposing coping strategies and countermeasures and taking the human resource allocation system of the tourism industry as the core, the human resource allocation model of the tourism industry is established by combining the network image crisis life cycle system of tourism scenic spots and the network public opinion dissemination model. From the perspective of managers, the human resource allocation management policy and management procedures of the tourism industry are proposed. Using the quantifiable and disenable characteristics of online text information, the response strategy of online monitoring and propaganda and offline management and enhancement is proposed, and innovative countermeasures to the human resource allocation of the tourism industry are proposed in three categories: network originated, reality coexisting, and reality originated. Through this paper, we propose a new approach to human resource allocation management and development in the tourism industry and improve the efficiency of human resource allocation in the tourism industry.

Contemporary literature continues to foster discussion whether financial development is important for economic growth. In the clash of theoretical arguments, the prevailing idea is that finance exerts a direct positive influence on GDP growth. However, the presence of theoretical counterarguments and contradictory results of empirical studies suggest that scientists, in search of an answer about the direction and power of the net effect, should develop methods of empirical analysis, and the very mystery of the relationship between finance and growth will finally be solved exclusively empirically. In this paper, the authors contribute to the development of the ‘finance-growth’ literature by answering some existing questions concerning the transmission channels from finance to growth, relying on more recent data compared to already conducted studies. We use panel data covering the period 1995 to 2019 for 168 countries. In addition, the paper touches on the problem of studying the exogenous conditions of such channels, considering the assumption that among these conditions there may be those that hinder the impact of financial deepening on economic growth. Our focus is on monetary conditions, and in the empirical part of the study, we touch upon the problem of the influence of price stability on the operation of these transmission channels. The methods of the conducted study are based on the dynamic panel data analysis techniques (System GMM). The novelty of this paper lies in the development of the modern theory of the financial sector transmission mechanism in the economic growth context. The main result of the study is that productivity channel is the most reliable transmission channel of financial deepening to economic growth. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this channel remains virtually unaffected by inflation. The channel of capital accumulation should be considered less reliable (in terms of statistical reliability of estimates obtained), but it has turned out to be a more economically significant transmission channel. This channel is sensitive to the inflation factor in certain categories of countries. Finally, as follows from the estimates gained, the non-linearity of the “finance-growth” relationship can be explained by the non-linearity of the variable responsible for the capital accumulation channel.

Image segmentation technology is dedicated to the segmentation of intensity inhomogeneous at present. In this paper, we propose a new method that incorporates fractional varying-order differential and local fitting energy to construct a new variational level set active contour model. The energy functions in this paper mainly include three parts: the local term, the regular term and the penalty term. The local term combined with fractional varying-order differential can obtain more details of the image. The regular term is used to regularize the image contour length. The penalty term is used to keep the evolution curve smooth. True positive (TP) rate, false positive (FP) rate, precision (P) rate, Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) are employed as the comparative measures for the segmentation results. Experimental results for both synthetic and real images show that our method has more accurate segmentation results than other models, and it is robust to intensity inhomogeneous or noises.

Fuzzy mathematics has been used more and more extensively and deeply in various fields since its emergence, and it has been more and more recognized. However, there is less research on fuzzy mathematics in the field of economic management. This paper attempts to introduce fuzzy theories and methods into economic management. On the premise of introducing fuzzy decision-making theories and methods, several fuzzy theories and methods that are commonly used in economic management are given. The fuzzy correlation method of economic phenomena is proposed, and the method is used to study the correlation between economic phenomena. Besides, this paper also uses fuzzy methods to analyze the relationship between economic phenomena—fuzzy relevance, and uses fuzzy two-way decision-making methods to carry out economic management and decision-making so that the decision-making results are more reasonable, scientific, and operability. In addition, this paper rationally explains the phenomena and laws existing in economic activities from a fuzzy perspective and gives models for fuzzy inference, diagnosis, and production decision-making, which have important meaning and profound theoretical value and practical value.

Considering transient processes where liquid/solid phase change occurs, this paper focuses on the associated modeling and numerical treatment in the frame of “Computational Fluid Dynamics” simulations. While being of importance in many industrial applications involving solidification and melting of mixed materials, including power and manufacturing engineering, the first application of this work pertains to the analysis of severe accidents in a nuclear reactor. Indeed, in this context, the molten core materials (a.k.a. corium) can form a high-temperature multiphase liquid pool at the boundary of which fusion and solidification phenomena are of prime importance. In this context, even if materials at play are treated as pure components, it is mandatory to distinguish two different phase change temperatures with a solid fusion temperature and a liquid solidification temperature. Accordingly, in the frame of a sharp interface representation, the paper introduces non-classical heterogeneous conditions at the liquid/solid boundary in such a way that both moving interface (through Stefan conditions associated with fusion or solidification) and static interface (imposing heat flux continuity) are supported at the same time on different spatial locations along this boundary. Within a monolithic resolution of Navier–Stokes and heat conduction equations, this interface is explicitly tracked with combined Front-Tracking and VOF methods. In order to ensure zero velocity in the solid phase, an Immersed Boundary Method and a direct forcing penalization are also introduced. The main relevant features of this combination of numerical methods are discussed along with their implementation in the TrioCFD code taking advantage of the pre-existing code capabilities. Numerical simulations including both verification tests and a case of interest for our industrial application are reported and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed triptych model+methods+code to treat such problems. The numerical tools and the simulation code developed in this work could be used not only in the several accident context but also to simulate melting, solidification and fusion processes occurring in aerodynamics, hypersonic reentry vehicles and laser applications to cite but a few.

This paper provides a brief overview of modern applications of nonbinary logic models, where the design of heterogeneous computing systems with small computing units based on three-valued logic produces a mathematically better and more effective solution compared to binary models. For application, it is necessary to implement circuits composed of chipsets, the operation of which is based on three-valued logic. To be able to implement such schemes, a fundamentally important theoretical problem must be solved: the problem of completeness of classes of functions of three-valued logic. From a practical point of view, the completeness of the class of such functions ensures that circuits with the desired operations can be produced from an arbitrary (finite) set of chipsets. In this paper, the closure operator on the set of functions of three-valued logic that strengthens the usual substitution operator is considered. It is shown that it is possible to recover the sublattice of closed classes in the general case of closure of functions with respect to the classical superposition operator. The problem of the lattice of closed classes for the class of functions T2 preserving two is considered. The closure operators R1 for the functions that differ only by dummy variables are considered equivalent. This operator is withiin the scope of interest of this paper. A lattice is constructed for closed subclasses in T2={f|f(2,…,2)=2}, a class of functions preserving two.

At present, the study concerning pricing variance swaps under CIR the (Cox–Ingersoll–Ross)–Heston hybrid model has achieved many results; however, due to the instantaneous interest rate and instantaneous volatility in the model following the Feller square root process, only a semi-closed solution can be obtained by solving PDEs. This paper presents a simplified approach to price log-return variance swaps under the CIR–Heston hybrid model. Compared with Cao’s work, an important feature of our approach is that there is no need to solve complex PDEs; a closed-form solution is obtained by applying the martingale theory and Ito^’s lemma. The closed-form solution is significant because it can achieve accurate pricing and no longer takes time to adjust parameters by numerical method. Another significant feature of this paper is that the impact of sampling frequency on pricing formula is analyzed; then the closed-form solution can be extended to an approximate formula. The price curves of the closed-form solution and the approximate solution are presented by numerical simulation. When the sampling frequency is large enough, the two curves almost coincide, which means that our approximate formula is simple and reliable.

Deformed generalized gauge groups, whch were created from physical considerations and made it possible to clarify some long-standing problems in physics, such as the problem of motion and the problem of the energy of the gravitational field, simultaneously carried out the implementation of the Klein's Erlangen program for spaces with variable curvature, and for Riemannian spaces even in two different ways. In this paper, this issue is considered from a geometric point of view and these two methods of group-theoretical description of Riemannian spaces are reconciled. The paper deals with the canonical deformed group of diffeomorphisms with a given length scale which describes the motion of unit scales in a Riemannian space. This allows one to measure the lengths of arbitrary curves implementing the length principle which was laid by B. Riemann at the foundation of geometry. We present a method of univocal extension of this group to a group which contains gauge rotations of vectors (the group of parallel transports) whose transformations leave unchanged the lengths of vectors and the corners between them, implementing for Riemannian spaces the Klein's principle of equality and matching both principles of the foundations of geometry, thus overcoming the Riemann-Klein antagonism., 16 pages

The urban public transportation system is an important part of urban transportation, and the rationality of public transportation routes layout plays a vital role in the transportation of the city. Improving the efficiency of public transportation can have a positive impact on the operation of the public transportation system. This paper uses complex network theory and the symmetry of the up and down bus routes and stations to establish an urban public transit network model and calculates the probability of passengers choosing different routes in the public transit network according to passenger travel impedance. Based on passenger travel impedance, travel path probability and passenger travel demand, the links are weighed, and the network efficiency calculation method is improved. Finally, the public transit network optimization model was established with network efficiency as the objective function and solved by the ant colony algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the model and the solution method, this paper selects areas in Nanguan District of Changchun City for example analysis. The result shows that the efficiency of the optimized network is 8.5% higher than that of the original network, which proves the feasibility of the optimized model and solution method.

In 2008, Hedetniemi et al. introduced (1,k)-domination in graphs. The research on this concept was extended to the problem of existence of independent (1,k)-dominating sets, which is an NP-complete problem. In this paper, we consider independent (1,1)- and (1,2)-dominating sets, which we name as (1,1)-kernels and (1,2)-kernels, respectively. We obtain a complete characterization of generalized corona of graphs and G-join of graphs, which have such kernels. Moreover, we determine some graph parameters related to these sets, such as the number and the cardinality. In general, graph products considered in this paper have an asymmetric structure, contrary to other many well-known graph products (Cartesian, tensor, strong).

The redundancy of functional blocks and critical assemblies in radio-electronic equipment is among the most widely used techniques for increasing reliability. Complex redundant systems raise the problem of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Ignoring EMC requirements can lead to partial or complete REE failures. In this paper, the authors analyze a noise-protective electrical circuit with triple modal reservation (a promising type of cold redundancy). A multilayer stripline is investigated, the conductors of which are symmetrically arranged relative to two planes. On account of the strong electromagnetic coupling, this protective circuit can decompose dangerous ultra-wideband (UWB) interference received at the input of the primary or redundant circuits into unipolar pulses of lower amplitude. Using this approach, due to the symmetry of the conductors, equal decomposition efficiency could be achieved. However, the effect of UWB interference at the input of one of the conductors produces bipolar pulses at the output of the other conductors. In this paper, the authors evaluate the dangers of unipolar and bipolar decomposed pulses and use modal analysis to mathematically determine the polarities and amplitudes of the decomposed pulses at all output nodes for a pseudo-matched structure. By using the quasistatic approach with and without losses, the time responses to a trapezoidal pulse with a total duration of 60 ps, which simulates UWB interference, are obtained. To confirm the results of modal analysis and quasistatic simulation, an experimental study is performed. Using a stroboscopic oscilloscope DSA 8300, the authors obtained a transient response to a step excitation. Then, taking the derivative, the response to a trapezoidal pulse with a total duration of 140 ps was obtained. To analyze the criticality of the decomposed pulses, N-norms are used. In the general case, it is shown that the UWB interference is decomposed into four pulses of lower amplitude. At the same time, the value of each N-norm indicates its significant attenuation. For example, the amplitude of the UWB pulse acting on the input of the reserved conductor decreases by 10.31–8.93 times. Such results numerically demonstrate the high efficiency of the suggested approach when it comes to protecting equipment against UWB interference. It is also shown that the probability of dielectric breakdown and damage to electronic components in redundant circuits is lower than in a primary circuit. This is due to the fact that the value of N3 in the redundant circuit is 2.38 times less than in the primary circuit. However, the results demonstrate that arcing is highly probable both in primary and redundant circuits. Finally, aspects of symmetry/asymmetry in the problem under investigation are emphasized.

Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods have rapidly developed and have been applied to many areas for decision making in engineering. Apart from that, the process to select fault-diagnosis sensor for Fuel Cell Stack system in various options is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issue. However, in light of the choosing of fault diagnosis sensors, there is no MCDM analysis, and Fuel Cell Stack companies also urgently need a solution. Therefore, in this paper, we will use MCDM methods to analysis the fault-diagnosis sensor selection problem for the first time. The main contribution of this paper is to proposed a fault-diagnosis sensor selection methodology, which combines the rank reversal resisted AHP and TOPSIS and supports Fuel Cell Stack companies to select the optimal fault-diagnosis sensors. Apart from that, through the analysis, among all sensor alternatives, the acquisition of the optimal solution can be regarded as solving the symmetric or asymmetric problem of the optimal solution, which just maps to the TOPSIS method. Therefore, after apply the proposed fault-diagnosis sensor selection methodology, the Fuel Cell Stack system fault-diagnosis process will be more efficient, economical, and safe.

This paper proposes a new multi-objective bi-level programming model for the ring road bus lines and fare design problems. The proposed model consists of two layers: the traffic management operator and travelers. In the upper level, we propose a multi-objective bus lines and fares optimization model in which the operator’s profit and travelers’ utility are set as objective functions. In the lower level, evolutionary multi agent model of travelers’ bounded rational reinforcement learning with social interaction is introduced. A solution algorithm for the multi-objective bi-level programming is developed on the basis of the equalization algorithm of OD matrix. A numerical example based on a real case was conducted to verify the proposed models and solution algorithm. The computational results indicated that travel choice models with different degrees of rationality significantly changed the optimization results of bus lines and the differentiated fares; furthermore, the multi-objective bi-level programming in this paper can generate the solution to reduce the maximum section flow, increase the profit, and reduce travelers’ generalized travel cost.

This paper is devoted to the identification of the parameters of discrete fractional systems with errors in variables. Estimates of the parameters of such systems can be obtained using generalized total least squares (GTLS). A GTLS problem can be reduced to a total least squares (TLS) problem. A total least squares problem is often ill-conditioned. To solve a TLS problem, a classical algorithm based on finding the right singular vector or an algorithm based on an augmented system of equations with complex coefficients can be applied. In this paper, a new augmented system of equations with real coefficients is proposed to solve TLS problems. A symmetrical augmented system of equations was applied to the parameter identification of discrete fractional systems. The simulation results showed that the use of the proposed symmetrical augmented system of equations can shorten the time for solving such problems. It was also shown that the proposed system can have a smaller condition number.

Most existing Siamese trackers mainly use a pre-trained convolutional neural network to extract target features. However, due to the weak discrimination of the target and background information of pre-trained depth features, the performance of the Siamese tracker can be significantly degraded when facing similar targets or changes in target appearance. This paper proposes a multi-channel-aware and adaptive hierarchical deep features module to enhance the discriminative ability of the tracker. Firstly, through the multi-channel-aware deep features module, the importance values of feature channels are obtained from both the target details and overall information, to identify more important feature channels. Secondly, by introducing the adaptive hierarchical deep features module, the importance of each feature layer can be determined according to the response value of each frame, so that the hierarchical features can be integrated to represent the target, which can better adapt to changes in the appearance of the target. Finally, the proposed two modules are integrated into the Siamese framework for target tracking. The Siamese network used in this paper is a two-input branch symmetric neural network with two input branches, and they share the same weights, which are widely used in the field of target tracking. Experiments on some Benchmarks show that the proposed Siamese tracker has several points of improvement compared to the baseline tracker.

According to the Frenet equations of the null curves in semi-Euclidean 4-space, the existence conditions and the geometrical characterizations of the Bertrand curves of the null curves are given in this paper. The examples and the graphs of the Bertrand pairs with two different conditions are also given in order to supplement the conclusion of this paper more intuitively.

This paper mainly focuses on some notions of the lightlike rectifying curves and the centrodes in Minkowski 3-space. Some geometrical characteristics of the three types of lightlike curves are obtained. In addition, we obtain the conditions of the centrodes of the lightlike curves are the lightlike rectifying curves. Meanwhile, a detailed analysis between the N-type lightlike slant helices and the centrodes of lightlike curves is provided in this paper. We give the projections of the lightlike rectifying curves to the timelike planes.

Automatic segmentation of intracranial brain tumors in three-dimensional (3D) image series is critical in screening and diagnosing related diseases. However, there are various challenges in intracranial brain tumor images: (1) Multiple brain tumor categories hold particular pathological features. (2) It is a thorny issue to locate and discern brain tumors from other non-brain regions due to their complicated structure. (3) Traditional segmentation requires a noticeable difference in the brightness of the interest target relative to the background. (4) Brain tumor magnetic resonance images (MRI) have blurred boundaries, similar gray values, and low image contrast. (5) Image information details would be dropped while suppressing noise. Existing methods and algorithms do not perform satisfactorily in overcoming these obstacles mentioned above. Most of them share an inadequate accuracy in brain tumor segmentation. Considering that the image segmentation task is a symmetric process in which downsampling and upsampling are performed sequentially, this paper proposes a segmentation algorithm based on U-Net++, aiming to address the aforementioned problems. This paper uses the BraTS 2018 dataset, which contains MR images of 245 patients. We suggest the generative mask sub-network, which can generate feature maps. This paper also uses the BiCubic interpolation method for upsampling to obtain segmentation results different from U-Net++. Subsequently, pixel-weighted fusion is adopted to fuse the two segmentation results, thereby, improving the robustness and segmentation performance of the model. At the same time, we propose an auto pruning mechanism in terms of the architectural features of U-Net++ itself. This mechanism deactivates the sub-network by zeroing the input. It also automatically prunes GenU-Net++ during the inference process, increasing the inference speed and improving the network performance by preventing overfitting. Our algorithm’s PA, MIoU, P, and R are tested on the validation dataset, reaching 0.9737, 0.9745, 0.9646, and 0.9527, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperformed the contrast models. Additionally, we encapsulate the model and develop a corresponding application based on the MacOS platform to make the model further applicable.

In this paper, targeting efficient authentication and key agreement in an IoT environment, we propose an Elliptic Curve Cryptography-(ECC) based lightweight authentication protocol called BCmECC which relies on a public blockchain to validate the users’ public key to provide desired security. We evaluate the security of the proposed protocol heuristically and validate it formally, which demonstratse the high level of the security. For the formal verification we used the widely accepted formal methods, i.e., BAN logic and the Scyther tool. In this paper we also analyse the security of recently proposed blockchain-based authentication protocols and show that this protocol does not provide the desired security against known session-specific temporary information attacks in which the adversary has access to the session’s ephemeral values and aims to retrieve the shared session key. In addition, the protocol lacks forward secrecy, in which an adversary with access to the server’s long-term secret key can retrieve the previous session keys, assuming that the adversary has already eavesdropped the transferred messages over a public channel in the target session. The proposed attacks are very efficient and their success probability is ‘1’, while the time complexity of each attack could be negligible. Besides, we show that BCmECC is secure against such attacks.

In comparison with other respiratory viruses, the current COVID-19 pandemic’s rapid seizing the world can be attributed to indirect (contact) way of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in addition to the regular airborne way. A significant part of indirect transmission is made through cash bank notes. SARS-CoV-2 remains on cash paper money for period around four times larger than influenza A virus and is absorbed by cash notes two and a half times more effectively than influenza A (our model). During the pandemic, cryptocurrencies have gained attractiveness as an “epidemiologically safe” means of transactions. On the basis of the authors’ gallop polls performed online with social networks users in 44 countries in 2020–2021 (the total number of clear responses after the set repair 32,115), around 14.7% of surveyed participants engaged in cryptocurrency-based transactions during the pandemic. This may be one of the reasons of significant rise of cryptocurrencies rates since mid-March 2020 till the end of 2021. The paper discusses the reasons for cryptocurrency attractiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, there are fear of SARS-CoV-2 spread via cash contacts and the ability of the general population to mine cryptocurrencies. The article also provides a breakdown of the polled audience profile to determine the nationalities that have maximal level of trust to saving and transacting money as cryptocurrencies.

This paper presents a variant scheme of the cubic exponential B-spline scheme, which, with two parameters, can generate curves with different shapes. This variant scheme is obtained based on the iteration from the generation of exponentials and a suitably chosen function. For such a scheme, we show its C2-convergence and analyze the effect of the parameters on the shape of the generated curves and also discuss its convexity preservation. In addition, a non-uniform version of this variant scheme is derived in order to locally control the shape of the generated curves. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the performance of the new schemes in this paper.

In this paper, we prove a Sehgal–Guseman-type fixed point theorem in b-rectangular metric spaces which provides a complete solution to an open problem raised by Zoran D. Mitrović (A note on a Banach’s fixed point theorem in b-rectangular metric space and b-metric space). The result presented in the paper generalizes and unifies some results in fixed point theory.

This paper is concerned with certain non-linear unperturbed and perturbed systems of integro-delay differential equations (IDDEs). We investigate fundamental properties of solutions such as uniformly stability (US), uniformly asymptotically stability (UAS), integrability and instability of the un-perturbed system of the IDDEs as well as the boundedness of the perturbed system of IDDEs. In this paper, five new and improved fundamental qualitative results, which have less conservative conditions, are obtained on the mentioned fundamental properties of solutions. The technique used in the proofs depends on Lyapunov-Krasovski functionals (LKFs). In particular cases, three examples and their numerical simulations are provided as numerical applications of this paper. This paper provides new, extensive and improved contributions to the theory of IDDEs.

Refining and reversing weighted arithmetic-geometric mean inequalities have been studied in many papers. In this paper, we provide some bounds for the differences between the weighted arithmetic and geometric means, using known inequalities. We improve the results given by Furuichi-Ghaemi-Gharakhanlu and Sababheh-Choi. We also give some bounds on entropies, applying the results in a different approach. We explore certain convex or concave functions, which are symmetric functions on the axis t=1/2.

Vehicle Re-identification (re-id) over surveillance camera network with non-overlapping field of view is an exciting and challenging task in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Due to its versatile applicability in metropolitan cities, it gained significant attention. Vehicle re-id matches targeted vehicle over non-overlapping views in multiple camera network. However, it becomes more difficult due to inter-class similarity, intra-class variability, viewpoint changes, and spatio-temporal uncertainty. In order to draw a detailed picture of vehicle re-id research, this paper gives a comprehensive description of the various vehicle re-id technologies, applicability, datasets, and a brief comparison of different methodologies. Our paper specifically focuses on vision-based vehicle re-id approaches, including vehicle appearance, license plate, and spatio-temporal characteristics. In addition, we explore the main challenges as well as a variety of applications in different domains. Lastly, a detailed comparison of current state-of-the-art methods performances over VeRi-776 and VehicleID datasets is summarized with future directions. We aim to facilitate future research by reviewing the work being done on vehicle re-id till to date.

This paper investigates a relativistic Toda lattice system with an arbitrary parameter that is a very remarkable generalization of the usual Toda lattice system, which may describe the motions of particles in lattices. Firstly, we study some integrable properties for this system such as Hamiltonian structures, Liouville integrability and conservation laws. Secondly, we construct a discrete generalized (m,2N−m)-fold Darboux transformation based on its known Lax pair. Thirdly, we obtain some exact solutions including soliton, rational and semi-rational solutions with arbitrary controllable parameters and hybrid solutions by using the resulting Darboux transformation. Finally, in order to understand the properties of such solutions, we investigate the limit states of the diverse exact solutions by using graphic and asymptotic analysis. In particular, we discuss the asymptotic states of rational solutions and exponential-and-rational hybrid solutions graphically for the first time, which might be useful for understanding the motions of particles in lattices. Numerical simulations are used to discuss the dynamics of some soliton solutions. The results and properties provided in this paper may enrich the understanding of nonlinear lattice dynamics.

A cable-stayed bridge is a typical symmetrical structure, and symmetry affects the deformation characteristics of such bridges. The main girder of a cable-stayed bridge will produce obvious deflection under the inducement of temperature. The regression model of temperature-induced deflection is hoped to provide a comparison value for bridge evaluation. Based on the temperature and deflection data obtained by the health monitoring system of a bridge, establishing the correlation model between temperature and temperature-induced deflection is meaningful. It is difficult to complete a high-quality model only by the girder temperature. The temperature features based on prior knowledge from the mechanical mechanism are used as the input information in this paper. At the same time, to strengthen the nonlinear ability of the model, this paper selects an independent recurrent neural network (IndRNN) for modeling. The deep learning neural network is compared with machine learning neural networks to prove the advancement of deep learning. When only the average temperature of the main girder is input, the calculation accuracy is not high regardless of whether the deep learning network or the machine learning network is used. When the temperature information extracted by the prior knowledge is input, the average error of IndRNN model is only 2.53%, less than those of BPNN model and traditional RNN. Combining knowledge with deep learning is undoubtedly the best modeling scheme. The deep learning model can provide a comparison value of bridge deformation for bridge management.

The block cyclic reduction method is a finite-step direct method used for solving linear systems with block tridiagonal coefficient matrices. It iteratively uses transformations to reduce the number of non-zero blocks in coefficient matrices. With repeated block cyclic reductions, non-zero off-diagonal blocks in coefficient matrices incrementally leave the diagonal blocks and eventually vanish after a finite number of block cyclic reductions. In this paper, we focus on the roots of characteristic polynomials of coefficient matrices that are repeatedly transformed by block cyclic reductions. We regard each block cyclic reduction as a composition of two types of matrix transformations, and then attempt to examine changes in the existence range of roots. This is a block extension of the idea presented in our previous papers on simple cyclic reductions. The property that the roots are not very scattered is a key to accurately solve linear systems in floating-point arithmetic. We clarify that block cyclic reductions do not disperse roots, but rather narrow their distribution, if the original coefficient matrix is symmetric positive or negative definite.

The paper deals with the existence of solutions for(p,Q)(p,Q)coupled elliptic systems in the Heisenberg group, with critical exponential growth at infinity and singular behavior at the origin. We derive existence of nonnegative solutions with both components nontrivial and different, that is solving an actual system, which does not reduce into an equation. The main features and novelties of the paper are the presence of a general coupled critical exponential term of the Trudinger-Moser type and the fact that the system is set inℍn{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}.

Motivated by the stereological problem of volume estimation from parallel section profiles, the so-called Newton-Cotes integral estimators based on random sampling nodes are analyzed. These estimators generalize the classical Cavalieri estimator and its variant for non-equidistant sampling nodes, the generalized Cavalieri estimator, and have typically a substantially smaller variance than the latter. The present paper focuses on the following points in relation to Newton-Cotes estimators: the treatment of dropouts, the construction of variance estimators, and, finally, their application in volume estimation of convex bodies.Dropouts are eliminated points in the initial stationary point process of sampling nodes, modeled by independent thinning. Among other things, exact representations of the variance are given in terms of the thinning probability and increments of the initial points under two practically relevant sampling models.The paper presents a general estimation procedure for the variance of Newton-Cotes estimators based on the sampling nodes in a bounded interval. Finally, the findings are illustrated in an application of volume estimation for three-dimensional convex bodies with sufficiently smooth boundaries. Motivated by the stereological problem of volume estimation from parallel section profiles, the so-called Newton-Cotes integral estimators based on random sampling nodes are analyzed. These estimators generalize the classical Cavalieri estimator and its variant for non-equidistant sampling nodes, the generalized Cavalieri estimator, and have typically a substantially smaller variance than the latter. The present paper focuses on the following points in relation to Newton-Cotes estimators: the treatment of dropouts, the construction of variance estimators, and, finally, their application in volume estimation of convex bodies.Dropouts are eliminated points in the initial stationary point process of sampling nodes, modeled by independent thinning. Among other things, exact representations of the variance are given in terms of the thinning probability and increments of the initial points under two practically relevant sampling models.The paper presents a general estimation procedure for the variance of Newton-Cotes estimators based on the sampling nodes in a bounded interval. Finally, the findings are illustrated in an application of volume estimation for three-dimensional convex bodies with sufficiently smooth boundaries.

In this paper, we introduce a version of the Moebius function and other special functions on a particular class of intervals for groupoids, and study them to obtain results analogous to those obtained in the usual lattice, combinatorics and number theory setting, but of course much more general due to the viewpoint taken in this paper.

In the present paper, we consider the nonparametric regression model with random design based on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(\mathbf{X}_\mathrm{t},\mathbf{Y}_\mathrm{t})_{\mathrm{t}\ge 0}$$\end{document}(Xt,Yt)t≥0 a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbb {R}^{d}\times \mathbb {R}^{q}$$\end{document}Rd×Rq-valued strictly stationary and ergodic continuous time process, where the regression function is given by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m(\mathbf{x},\psi ) = \mathbb {E}(\psi (\mathbf{Y}) \mid \mathbf{X} = \mathbf{x}))$$\end{document}m(x,ψ)=E(ψ(Y)∣X=x)), for a measurable function \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\psi : \mathbb {R}^{q} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$\end{document}ψ:Rq→R. We focus on the estimation of the location \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\varvec{\Theta }}$$\end{document}Θ (mode) of a unique maximum of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m(\cdot , \psi )$$\end{document}m(·,ψ) by the location \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \widehat{{\varvec{\Theta }}}_\mathrm{T}$$\end{document}Θ^T of a maximum of the Nadaraya–Watson kernel estimator \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\widehat{m}_\mathrm{T}(\cdot , \psi )$$\end{document}m^T(·,ψ) for the curve \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m(\cdot , \psi )$$\end{document}m(·,ψ). Within this context, we obtain the consistency with rate and the asymptotic normality results for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \widehat{{\varvec{\Theta }}}_\mathrm{T}$$\end{document}Θ^T under mild local smoothness assumptions on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m(\cdot , \psi )$$\end{document}m(·,ψ) and the design density \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f(\cdot )$$\end{document}f(·) of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf{X}$$\end{document}X. Beyond ergodicity, any other assumption is imposed on the data. This paper extends the scope of some previous results established under the mixing condition. The usefulness of our results will be illustrated in the construction of confidence regions.

In this paper, first, we find the integrability theorems for the invariant and slant distributions which appeared in the concept of semi-slant submanifolds. Utilizing these theorems, we prove that a semi-slant submanifold reduces to be a warped product semi-slant submanifold, provided some necessary and sufficient conditions concerning the shape operators. Also, it is shown that a few earlier results are exceptional cases of this paper results.

In this paper, we present some fixed point results satisfying generalized contractive condition with new auxiliary function in complete metric spaces. More precisely, the structure of the paper is the following. In the first section, we present some useful notions and results. The main aim of second section is to establish some new fixed point results in complete metric spaces. Finally, in the third section, we show the validity and superiority of our main results by suitable example. Also, as an application of our main result, some interesting corollaries have been included, which make our concepts and results effective. Our main result generalizes some well known existing results in the literature.

The aim of the paper is to propose a new Reflected Power function distribution (RPFD). We provide the various properties of the new model in detail such as moments, vitality function and order statistics. We characterize the RPFD based on conditional moments (Right and Left Truncated mean) and doubly truncated mean. We also study the shape of the new distribution to be applicable in many real life situations. We estimate the parameters for the proposed RPFD by using different methods such as maximum likelihood method, modified maximum likelihood method, percentile estimator and modified percentile estimator. The aim of the study is to increase the application of the Power function distribution (PFD). Using two different data sets from real life, we conclude that the RPFD perform better as compare to different competitor models already exist in the literature. We hope that the findings of this paper will be useful for researchers in different field of applied sciences.

We present some formulations of the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein and Black-Scholes formulas for European options obtained through a suitable change of measure, which corresponds to a change of numèraire for the underlying price process. Among other consequences, a closed formula for the price of an European call option at each node of the multi-period binomial tree is achieved, too. Some of the results contained herein, though comparable with analogous ones appearing elsewhere in the financial literature, provide however a supplementary widening and deepening in view of useful applications in the more challenging framework of incomplete markets. This last issue, having the present paper as a preparatory material, will be treated extensively in a forthcoming paper.

In the paper, the comparison between the efficiency of using artificial intelligence methods and the efficiency of using classical methods in modelling the industrial processes is made, considering as a case study the separation process of the 18O isotope. Firstly, the behavior of the considered isotopic separation process is learned using neural networks. The comparison between the efficiency of these methods is highlighted by the simulations of the process model, using the mentioned modelling techniques. In this context, the final part of the paper presents the proposed model being simulated in different scenarios that can occur in practice, thus resulting in some interesting interpretations and conclusions. The paper proves the feasibility of using artificial intelligence methods for industrial processes modeling; the obtained models being intended for use in designing automatic control systems.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical scheme for the two-dimensional fourth-order fractional subdiffusion equation with variable coefficients and delay. Using the L2−1σ approximation of the time Caputo derivative, a finite difference method with second-order accuracy in the temporal direction is achieved. The novelty of this paper is to introduce a numerical scheme for the problem under consideration with variable coefficients, nonlinear source term, and delay time constant. The numerical results show that the global convergence orders for spatial and time dimensions are approximately fourth order in space and second-order in time.

Recently developed methods in spontaneous speech analytics require the use of speaker separation based on audio data, referred to as diarization. It is applied to widespread use cases, such as meeting transcription based on recordings from distant microphones and the extraction of the target speaker’s voice profiles from noisy audio. However, speech recognition and analysis can be hindered by background and point-source noise, overlapping speech, and reverberation, which all affect diarization quality in conjunction with each other. To compensate for the impact of these factors, there are a variety of supportive speech analytics methods, such as quality assessments in terms of SNR and RT60 reverberation time metrics, overlapping speech detection, instant speaker number estimation, etc. The improvements in speaker verification methods have benefits in the area of speaker separation as well. This paper introduces several approaches aimed towards improving diarization system quality. The presented experimental results demonstrate the possibility of refining initial speaker labels from neural-based VAD data by means of fusion with labels from quality estimation models, overlapping speech detectors, and speaker number estimation models, which contain CNN and LSTM modules. Such fusing approaches allow us to significantly decrease DER values compared to standalone VAD methods. Cases of ideal VAD labeling are utilized to show the positive impact of ResNet-101 neural networks on diarization quality in comparison with basic x-vectors and ECAPA-TDNN architectures trained on 8 kHz data. Moreover, this paper highlights the advantage of spectral clustering over other clustering methods applied to diarization. The overall quality of diarization is improved at all stages of the pipeline, and the combination of various speech analytics methods makes a significant contribution to the improvement of diarization quality.

In this paper, we examine the impact of a massive open online course (MOOC) in the context of outdoor mathematics on the participating teachers’ professional development. We firstly introduce the theoretical background on outdoor mathematics, focusing on math trails with the digital tool MathCityMap and professional development to be accomplished using MOOCs. By taking into account the MOOC “Task Design for Math Trails”, with 93 finalists, we analyze the learning progress of 19 selected case studies from different nations and learning levels by taking into account their answers in a pre- and post-questionnaire and their posts on a specific communication message board, with a special focus on the MOOC’s topics’ task design for outdoor mathematics and the digital tool MathCityMap. The analysis is performed using different quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results show that the teachers studied have benefited from professional development, which is evident in the expansion/evolution of their knowledge from a content, pedagogical, and technological perspective. Finally, we formulate consequences for professional development in STEM education, and conclude the paper with limitations to be drawn and a perspective for further research.

Max-plus algebra is the similarity of the classical linear algebra with two binary operations, maximum and addition. The notation Ax = Bx, where A, B are given (interval) matrices, represents (interval) two-sided (max, plus)-linear system. For the solvability of Ax = Bx, there are some pseudopolynomial algorithms, but a polynomial algorithm is still waiting for an appearance. The paper deals with the analysis of solvability of two-sided (max, plus)-linear equations with inexact (interval) data. The purpose of the paper is to get efficient necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the interval systems using the property of the solution set of the non-interval system Ax = Bx. The main contribution of the paper is a transformation of weak versions of solvability to either subeigenvector problems or to non-interval two-sided (max, plus)-linear systems and obtaining the equivalent polynomially checked conditions for the strong versions of solvability.

The aim of this paper is to compute the exact solutions and conservation of a generalized (1 + 1) dimensional system. This can be achieved by employing symbolic manipulation software such as Maple, Mathematica, or MATLAB. In theoretical physics and in many scientific applications, the mentioned system naturally arises. Time, space, and scaling transformation symmetries lead to novel similarity reductions and new exact solutions. The solutions obtained include solitary waves and cnoidal and snoidal waves. The familiarity of closed-form solutions of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations enables numerical solvers and supports stability analysis. Although many efforts have been dedicated to solving nonlinear evolution equations, there is no unified method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Lie point symmetry analysis in conjunction with an ansatz method has been applied on this underlying equation. It should also be noted that the methods applied in this paper give a unique solution set that differs from the newly reported solutions. In addition, we derive the conservation laws of the underlying system. It is also worth mentioning that this is the first time that the conservation laws for the equation under study are derived.

The traditional set stability of Boolean networks (BNs) refers to whether all the states can converge to a given state subset. Different from the existing results, the set stability investigated in this paper is whether all states in a given initial set can converge to a given destination set. This paper studies the set stability and set stabilization avoiding undesirable sets of BNs and Boolean control networks (BCNs), respectively. First, by virtue of the semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices, the dynamics of BNs avoiding a given undesirable set are established. Then, the set reachability and set stability of BNs from the initial set to destination set avoiding an undesirable set are investigated, respectively. Furthermore, the set stabilization of BCNs from the initial set to destination set avoiding a given undesirable set are investigated. Finally, a design method for finding the time optimal set stabilizer is proposed, and an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

Based on the principle of energy variation, a calculation model for the free vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell with a finite submerged depth considering the influence of the free liquid surface is established in this paper. First, the Euler beam function is used instead of the shell axial displacement function to obtain the shell kinetic energy and potential energy. Then, by using the mirror image method, the analytical expression of the fluid velocity potential considering the free surface is obtained, and the flow field is added to the system energy functional in the form of fluid work. Then the energy functional is changed to obtain the shell–liquid coupled vibration equation. Solving the equation can obtain the natural frequencies and modes of the structure. The comparison with the finite element calculation results verifies the accuracy of the calculation model in this paper. The research on the influence of the free liquid surface shows that compared to the infinite domain, the free liquid surface destroys the symmetry of the entire system, resulting in a difference in the natural frequency of the positive and negative modes of the shell, and the circumferential mode shapes are no longer mutually uncoupled trigonometric functions. The existence of free liquid surface will also increase the natural frequency of the same order mode, and the closer to the free surface, the natural frequency is greater. As the immersion depth increases, the free vibration characteristics will quickly tend to the result of infinite domain. Additionally, when the immersion depth is equal to or greater than four times the radius of the shell structure, it can be considered that the free liquid surface has no effect. These law and phenomena have also been explained from the mechanism. The method in this paper provides a new analytical solution pattern for solving this type of problem.

This paper is devoted to further strengthening, in the current asymmetric information environment, the informed level of operators about network performance. Specifically, in view of the burst and perishability of a packet loss event, to better meet the real-time requirements of current high-speed backbone performance monitoring, a model for Packet Loss Measurement at the access network boundary Based on Sampled Flow (PLMBSF) is presented in this paper under the premise of both cost and real-time. The model overcomes problems such as the inability of previous estimation to distinguish between packet losses before and after the monitoring point, deployment difficulties and cooperative operation consistency. Drawing support from the Mathis equation and regression analysis, the measurement for packet losses before and after the monitoring point can be realized when using only the sampled flows generated by the access network boundary equipment. The comparison results with the trace-based passive packet loss measurement show that although the proposed model is easily affected by factors such as flow length, loss rate, sampling rate, the overall accuracy is still within the acceptable range. In addition, the proposed model PLMBSF, compared with the trace-based loss measurement is only different in the input data granularity. Therefore, PLMBSF and its advantages are also applicable to aggregated traffic.

Recently in the paper [Mediterr. J. Math.&nbsp, 2016, 13, 1535–1553], the authors introduced and studied a new operator which was defined as a convolution of the three popular linear operators, namely the Sǎlǎgean operator, the Ruscheweyh operator and a fractional derivative operator. In the present paper, we consider an operator which is a convolution operator of only two linear operators (with lesser restricted parameters) that yield various well-known operators, defined by a symmetric way, including the one studied in the above-mentioned paper. Several results on the subordination of analytic functions to this operator (defined below) are investigated. Some of the results presented are shown to involve the familiar Appell function and Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta function. Special cases and interesting consequences being in symmetry of our main results are also mentioned.

Background: Some medical and technological tasks lead to the geometrical problem of how to cover the unit circle as much as possible by n congruent circles of given radius r, while r varies from the radius in the maximum packing to the radius in the minimum covering. Proven or conjectural solutions to this partial covering problem are known only for n = 2 to 5. In the present paper, numerical solutions are given to this problem for n = 6 and 7. Method: The method used transforms the geometrical problem to a mechanical one, where the solution to the geometrical problem is obtained by finding the self-stress positions of a generalised tensegrity structure. This method was developed by the authors and was published in an earlier publication. Results: The method applied results in locally optimal circle arrangements. The numerical data for the special circle arrangements are presented in a tabular form, and in drawings of the arrangements. Conclusion: It was found that the case of n = 6 is very complicated, whilst the case n = 7 is very simple. It is shown in this paper that locally optimal arrangements may exhibit different types of symmetry, and equilibrium paths may bifurcate.

The paper aims to analyze the vibrations of a summing box, used in heavy vehicles. An experimental setup is proposed and used for the analysis of these vibrations transmitted by the box housing, based on the measurement of the mechanical impedance. It is then shown that a simpler measurement, namely that of the generated noise spectrum, can provide equally useful results, with less effort and in a shorter time. The experimental setup is much simpler, involving a sonometer arranged in the experimental assembly. The symmetry of the box allows us to facilitate the execution of the experimental assembly, and the use of the symmetrical structure to facilitate the calculation of vibrations. The results obtained using this method in the case of a redesigned adder box are presented in the paper.

In this paper, the attitudes of experts are observed for the possible changes after taking a certain decision. The decision is taken by two persons with different fields of expertise. There is also an annotation of such changes due to the interference of a third person, which is main idea of this paper. These observations are done by developing fuzzy soft differential equations with the help of optimum fuzzy soft constants (OFSCs), which are obtained through the ranking coefficients. The ranking of alternatives is based on the coefficients, which are obtained through a decision-making process. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is exploited to rank the alternatives, and the attitudes of resource persons are examined through phase portraits and line graphs of the respective system of differential equations. The utilization of TOPSIS is a practice of multi-criteria decision-making in the analysis of human behaviours. Dual hesitant fuzzy soft sets are taken to represent the initial data.