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2. Preparing Leaders for the Global South: The Work of Elite Schools through Global Citizenship Education
- Author
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Howard, Adam and Maxwell, Claire
- Abstract
The main role of an elite school is to produce future leaders and this paper examines how four elite schools in different parts of the Global South are engaging in this process. Despite the critiques of global citizenship education (GCE) being a vestige of the colonial project, we analyse closely how it is being actively and productively appropriated by the four schools. Our comparative analysis highlights two different types of leaders being created. Two schools are seeking to produce regional sociopolitical transformational leaders, while the other two institutions are more focused on individualised, self-interested future subjects. We show how a range of GCE orientations is drawn on across the four schools that have different geo-political and spatial reaches and are ultimately productive in (re-)producing elite classes. Furthermore, these GCE orientations also have the potential to disrupt the unequal relations currently found between the North and the South.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Globalism, Regionalism and Nationalism: The Dynamics of Student Mobility in Higher Education across the Taiwan Strait
- Author
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Lo, William Yat Wai and Chan, Sheng-Ju
- Abstract
This paper aims to broaden the conceptual approaches to understanding the complexity of student mobility in higher education (HE) across the Taiwan Strait, thereby exemplifying a contradictory mix of collaboration and competition that involves interplay among the various forces associated with global, regional and national settings. To achieve this goal, the paper provides an abstraction of 'trichotomisation', which explains the significance of the concepts of globalism, regionalism and nationalism in understanding cross-Strait student mobility, and thus shows its threefold nature. Specifically, it considers the intensification of cross-Strait student mobility in HE and the counter-reaction as a manifestation of globalism, a form of regionalism, and an expression of nationalism.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Relations between the Chinese Mainland and Taiwan: PRC White Paper, February 2000.
- Author
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Chai, Winberg
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Presents the February 2000 white paper by the People's Republic of China about the relations of Mainland China and Taiwan. China's basis and prerequisite for achieving peaceful reunification; Questions involving the One China Principle in cross-strait relations; Adherence to the One China principle in the international community. INSET: PRC White Paper....
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A Dialogic Classroom: Facilitating the Interaction on Cross-Taiwan-Strait Issues Regarding the Reconceptualization of the Evolution of Marxist Theories
- Author
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Chien, Chih-Feng
- Abstract
With regard to the evolution of Marxist theories affecting the relationship between China and Taiwan historically and conceptually, this paper starts with the conceptual framing of the general evolution of Marxist theories--Marxism, neo-Marxist, and post-Marxism. Through dialectical and reconceptualized practice and learning the development of modern Taiwan in the evolutionary modes of Marxist theories, the relationship between China and Taiwan is interpreted as an ambiguous pattern which has evolved from Marxism, neo-Marxism, to post-Marxism. The purpose of this paper is not focused on Marxist theoretical work, but instead, to provide the concentrated themes--the suggestions of creating a dialogic classroom in three curricular methods--currere approach, critical theory, and postmodernism. The paper will conclude that in a debate over China-Taiwan-relationship issues, both sides will imperatively recognize the historical past, focus on the present moment, and have the prospect of a future with mutual benefits.
- Published
- 2011
6. Absolute gains, relative gains, and US security policy on China 1 This paper is translated from a Chinese version published at World Economics and International Politics , 11, 2002, pp. 17-21.
- Author
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Bin, Li
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *COLLATERAL security - Abstract
The article discusses about various issues related to the U.S. security policy on China. This discussion shows that, from China's perspective, the key to improving the U.S.-China relations is not stressing common interests in reality, but stressing China's long-term goodwill. The most important issue in the U.S.-China security relations is Taiwan issue. When dealing with Taiwan issue, China should also take into account how to influence the U.S. concerns about gains. The U.S., therefore, might adopt a more co-operative policy on China.
- Published
- 2003
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7. China Policy White Paper Across the Century (November 15, 1999).
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Focuses on the contradictions of the proposed reunification of Taiwan with China. Conditions possessed by Taiwan as a country; Problems encountered by Taiwan in terms of relations with China; Actions that should be taken by Taiwan to promote peace in the Taiwan strait.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. How China Uses Social Media in Grey Zone Operations toward Taiwan.
- Author
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Jacobs, C. S., Uyheng, J., and Carley, K. M.
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,INFORMATION warfare ,MILITARY strategy ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The term 'grey zone' indicates a state actor's actions up to the point of armed conflict and is increasingly associated with China's foreign policy. China has harnessed Western social media to defend its national interests, drawing international attention to its discourse of war and its often-hostile rhetoric. This paper analyses Chinese state-sponsored tweets about Taiwan, a focal point for Chinese grey zone activity. Empirical topic modelling techniques to aggregate narratives in large-scale social media data were leveraged to interpret them from a doctrinal understanding of Chinese influence operations. Additionally, the authors used statistical methods to examine the relationship between China's information and military operations toward Taiwan. This paper finds that China uses its state-sponsored accounts to coordinate and amplify social media messaging around military campaigns with strategic importance. Additionally, the presence of a multipronged approach using social media to support military campaigns may indicate an escalation in conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
9. Document 1: PRC White Paper, `The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China,' 31 August 1993.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE politics & government ,TAIWANESE politics & government - Abstract
Examines issues surrounding the national unity and territorial integrity of Taiwan. Significance of national reunification of China and Taiwan; Discussion on the civil war started by the Kuomintang; Position of the Chinese government regarding the settlement of the Taiwan question.
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- 1999
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10. Document 2: ROC White Paper, `Relations across the Taiwan Strait' (Concluding Statements), 5 July...
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE politics & government ,TAIWANESE politics & government - Abstract
Evaluates the various factors that influence the relationship between mainland China and Taiwan. Details on international factors; Factors originating in mainland China; Factors arising from developments within Taiwan.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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11. Paradiplomacy as a response to international isolation: the case of Taiwan.
- Author
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Newland, Sara A.
- Subjects
PARASOCIAL relationships ,NON-state actors (International relations) ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Although the importance of non-state actors in international relations is now widely acknowledged, formal state-to-state ties remain an essential measure of a state's strength in the international community. When traditional components of sovereignty are eroded, what options remain open to states seeking to forestall international isolation? Drawing on a case study of Taiwan, this paper explores the potential and the pitfalls of using paradiplomacy as a substitute for traditional diplomacy. I argue that Taiwan uses paradiplomacy for three primary purposes: as a 'hedge' against weakness in the central-level US-Taiwan relationship; as a tool for developing long-term relationships with rising political stars; and as a performative strategy for asserting Taiwan's statehood by showing others that it acts like a state. While paradiplomacy enables Taiwan to strengthen ties to US policymakers, these efforts have become increasingly complicated as mainland Chinese influence on local US politics increases. This paper thus sheds light on paradiplomacy in the US-Taiwan relationship, but also on the ways in which American federalism can complicate US foreign policy toward East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Experts discuss White Paper.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER , *CHINESE reunification question, 1949- , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Presents discussions by non-governmental organization members on the Chinese Government's White Paper `The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China.' China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification (CCPPNR) President Qian Weichang; Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (RCK) Vice-President Hu Min; Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (TDSGL) official Cai Zimin; All-China Taiwanese Association (ACTA) Vice President Xu Zhaolin; More.
- Published
- 1993
13. Document 6: PRC National Defense White Paper (Excerpt), 28 July 1998.
- Subjects
- *
DIPLOMATIC documents , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Presents an excerpt from China's national defense white paper published on July 28, 1998, which deals with China's strait relations with Taiwan.
- Published
- 1999
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14. Brief report: Publications from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in behavioral journals 1980–2021.
- Author
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Lee, Gabrielle T., Jiang, Yitong, and Hu, Xiaoyi
- Subjects
BEHAVIORAL research ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SERIAL publications ,PEER relations ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations - Abstract
Research involving international research communities has been advocated in the field of behavior analysis (Dymond et al., 2000; Martin et al., 2016). The purpose of the present study was to report the status of behavioral research in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, in terms of number of publications, types of research, and frequency of collaboration with international researchers. Fifteen behavioral journals were selected from the list by Cooper et al. (2020). These were searched by hand to find publications conducted in or authored by researchers from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan dating from each journal's inception to December 2021. The earliest publication we found appeared in 1980 in The Psychological Record. Over the following four decades (1980–1989; 1990–1999; 2000–2009; 2010–2021), the number of publications per decade increased dramatically and continues in recent years to rise. Publications include research reports, review papers, and conceptual articles, with the majority being basic research reports published in Behavioral Processes. Approximately half the publications involve collaboration with international researchers, mostly in North America. Implications for behavioral research, practice, and policy in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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15. Conceptualising Taiwan's Soft Power Projection in its 'New Southbound Policy'.
- Author
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Lee, Karl Chee Leong
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
This paper examines Taiwan's New Southbound Policy (NSP-T) from a soft power conceptual perspective. It traces the origins of the NSP-T before the Tsai Ing-wen administration came into power in 2016 and then discusses the NSP-T's subsequent implementation. Through an overview of the earlier 'Go South Policy' (GSP) during the administrations of Lee Teng-hui, Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou (1994–2016), this paper finds that soft power was not institutionalised in the policy despite it being a prevalent concept, and repeatedly propagated by successive Taiwanese presidents for their foreign policy goals. Soft power is now outlined as the 'overarching link' connecting Taiwan and the NSP-T countries for the attainment of the former's three strategic aims ─ identifying a new direction and driving force for a new stage of Taiwan's economic development, redefining Taiwan's important role in regional development and creating future value for Taiwan's engagements in the region. This article seeks to extrapolate how soft power contributes to the achievement of the three policy visions in Southeast Asia. Through assessments of NSP-T cooperation programmes and strategies in its six sectors of medical care, agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, education and civil society, an analytical model is introduced to explain Taiwan's soft power projection in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Paper War Games.
- Author
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Meyer, Mahlon, Pappas, Leslie, and Ide, William
- Subjects
SOVEREIGNTY ,MILITARISM ,DIPLOMATIC negotiations in international disputes ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Focuses on China's threat of military action against Taiwan if the island refuses to engage in reunification talks with China. The issue of sovereignty in Taiwan's March 2000 presidential elections; China's anger over the United States' support of Taiwan; Taiwan's commitment to democracy; The effects of the Chinese threat on Taiwan's economic and political climate; Outlook.
- Published
- 2000
17. THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE AND CHINA-LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS.
- Author
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Ferreira Abrão, Rafael Almeida
- Subjects
BELT & Road Initiative ,CONTRACTS ,GEOPOLITICS ,COUNTRIES ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Mural Internacional is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. News Coverage during International Political Uncertainty: The Korean Press Reports Sino-U.S. Normalization.
- Author
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Salwen, Michael B.
- Abstract
The rapid pace of improving relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China during the late 1970s has been well scrutinized by mass media scholars, but most of the research has focused on the press coverage emanating from the United States, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan, the major nations involved in normalization. A study examined how the press of the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, North Korea) reported Sino-United States normalization during 1978 and 1979 through six critical events related to Sino-U.S. normalization in two leading daily newspapers of the ROK and the official party press organ of the DPRK (272 news stories were examined in all). Results showed that (1) only one story involving Sino-United States normalization appeared in the DPRK press, suggesting evidence for the "delaying hypothesis"; (2) more than a quarter of the normalization stories in the ROK press linked normalization to inter-Korean affairs; (3) there was some evidence suggesting that the ROK press reported normalization in a manner that promoted peace and understanding; and (4) normalization stories involving Korean affairs contained more "mixed" stories (with both positive and negative assertions) than those not involving Korean affairs, suggesting that when the ROK press linked this ambiguous external event to internal affairs it did so in an informative manner that weighed the positive and negative consequences of normalization on Korean affairs. (Three tables of data are included, and 83 references are appended.) (MS)
- Published
- 1988
19. China's Buffer Thinking towards Taiwan.
- Author
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Chen, Yu-Hua
- Subjects
GEOPOLITICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
How are we to understand China's decades-long sovereignty claim over Taiwan? One assumption upheld by many international relations scholars is that state behaviour will change according to a variance of polarity in the international system. Yet while China can flexibly manage its territorial issues elsewhere, its goal of unification with Taiwan has not changed despite multiple structural changes in the international system over the decades. This paper argues that historical and nationalist approaches alone do not explain China's unswaying obsession with this island. Geopolitics plays a far more prominent role in the minds of Chinese leaders than scholars have previously acknowledged. Since 1949, China has viewed Taiwan as a geopolitical buffer protecting the security of Chinese coastal areas. China's buffer thinking towards Taiwan was a significant factor in China's decisions to launch military action against Taiwan in 1954, 1958, and 1996. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. A Taiwanese Soft Power? Contesting Visions of Democracy and Culture.
- Author
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Otmazgin, Nissim
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,DEMOCRACY ,CULTURE ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ELECTRIC utilities - Abstract
How do Taiwanese officials view democracy and culture and how do they plan to utilise these two soft power resources as part of advancing the island's international position? Based primarily on interviews conducted with state officials in Taiwan, this paper analyses Taiwan's soft power repositioning in the regional and global soft power competition and examines its advantages and disadvantages. It discusses the institutional and geopolitical constraints Taiwan faces when trying to implement its soft power policy and addresses the internal disagreements over utilising its cultural and democratic achievements. It concludes that despite the utility of soft power in pursuing its foreign policy agenda, Taiwan faces a few major institutional and conceptual obstacles, keeping Taiwanese diplomacy in a transitional period from old thinking about culture and diplomacy while hesitantly evaluating its soft power resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. Taiwan or China? Contestations over Diplomatic Relations in Southern Africa, with Particular Focus on Malawi, 1961–2014.
- Author
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Nkhoma, Bryson
- Subjects
HISTORY of Malawi ,PRESIDENTIAL messages ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Drawing evidence from existing archives, parliamentary proceedings, presidential speeches, newspaper reports and oral testimonies, this paper demonstrates the extent to which Malawi sustained diplomatic relations with Taiwan and China from 1961 to 2014, within the broader context of southern Africa. While trade dictated the diplomatic choice of the so-called 'two Chinas', individual leadership styles as well as domestic politics remained the decisive factors. However, the paper argues that the process was dynamic, complex and highly contested – and that the broader idiographic context of southern Africa mattered. For while local circumstances created the need for diplomatic relations, it was the international political economy that acted as the impetus behind the establishment and shifting sustenance of the relationships. In making this argument, the study draws attention to how global forces interacted historically with local political economies within southern Africa to shape discourses of diplomacy as well as how economic challenges forced states to make compromises – including undermining human rights – in the making of these diplomatic relations over the last two generations in post-independence Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Taiwan's defensive democratization.
- Author
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Schafferer, Christian
- Subjects
TAIWANESE politics & government ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,DEMOCRACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Since the lifting of martial law in 1987, Taiwan has progressed toward one of Asia's most advanced democracies. This paper looks at the historical and socio-political circumstances and traces the global and domestic factors behind the transformation. Assuming that advanced levels of democratic governance can only be obtained through mediated social control over the state and the economy, the study explores whether democratic values and norms have become internalized and identifies the current caveats of further democratic development. More specifically, the paper argues that although Taiwan's democratization has been caused by external sovereignty-related factors, the discourse on national identity has repoliticzed the public political realm after decades of authoritarianism and led to the habitualization of democratic values and norms. The paper concludes with an assessment of the prospects for comprehensive and inclusive public participation in the shaping of Taiwan's political conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION: THE CASE OF CHINA-TAIWAN CONFLICT.
- Author
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ISMAYILZADA, Tural and ÖNSOY, Murat
- Subjects
CONFLICT transformation ,RECONCILIATION ,CHINA-Taiwan relations ,CHANGE theory ,INTERNATIONAL relations theory ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COLD War, 1945-1991 - Abstract
Up until the end of Cold War mainstream theories in the disciplines of International Relations and Peace Studies have overlooked the transformation in relations between actors but instead concentrated on either the constant state of conflict between units or radical changes from war to peace. Acknowledging major changes in their subject matters due to the changing conditions with the end of Cold War, both disciplines had to rethink their theoretical assumptions and renew their toolboxes. Accordingly, the constructivist turn in International Relations and the introduction of Transformational Approach to conflict in Peace Studies have brought the two disciplines closer. Similar to the Constructivist theory of International Relations that emphasizes changes rather than law-like regularities in international politics, the Conflict Transformation Approach in Peace Studies focuses on perennial transformation processes in conflicts. This paper through bringing together insights from the disciplines of International Relations and Peace Studies, analyses the cross-strait conflict between the People's Republic of China and Republic of China (Taiwan) within a constructivist framework, and from a transformational perspective by applying Hugh Miall's five-point model of conflict transformation (context transformation, structural transformation, actor transformation, issue transformation, and personal/elite transformation). Miall's five-point model is utilized in this paper to show that, despite serious crisis occurred in more than 70 years history of People's Republic of China-Republic of China conflict, the relationship of the parties has undergone a set of transformations on the way to reconciliation. Although the conflict, with serious disagreements on crucial issues, is far from being settled, the ongoing transformation creates room for negotiations and further reconciliation on issues that were previously regarded as non-negotiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty and the Chinese residents in Japan—Legal status problem under the 1952 regime.
- Author
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Tsuruzono, Yuki
- Subjects
PEACE treaties ,STATUS (Law) ,TAIWANESE people ,PEACE negotiations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The Sino – Japanese Peace Treaty signed in April 1952 not only set the basic framework for diplomatic relations between China, Japan, and Taiwan until 1972, but was also significant in substantially determining the legal status of Chinese residents in Japan during the same period. Subsequently, this paper analyzes both the legislative process in Japan leading up to the Sino – Japanese Peace Treaty and the process of diplomatic negotiations between Japan and China and identifies the following points. In the process of legislating the Immigration Control Ordinance, the Japanese government, while recognizing that Chinese mainlanders in Japan were Chinese nationals, considered them to be outside the legal jurisdiction of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) government, and while recognizing the jurisdiction of the R.O.C. government over Formosans in Japan to a certain extent, interpreted "the ultimate nationality of Taiwanese people has not been determined" from the standpoint that the legal status of Taiwan was undetermined. The R.O.C. government was forced to accept the Japanese government's treatment regarding the legal status of Chinese residents in Japan because it was unable to have its sovereignty over Taiwan and the Penghu Islands clearly stated in the articles of the Sino – Japanese Peace Treaty out of consideration for the United States, which acted as an intermediary in the negotiations of the treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. US public opinion on cross-strait relations: the effect of China threat on the China–Taiwan tension.
- Author
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Pan, Hsin-Hsin
- Subjects
CHINA-Taiwan relations ,PUBLIC opinion ,PUBLIC support ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
This paper examines US public opinion after the drastic changes in US–China relations during the Trump presidency. I argue that the perceived China threat influences Americans' evaluation of the China–Taiwan tension. Based on the US dataset of the 2018 Survey on Global Attitudes and Trends by the Pew Research Center, Americans tend to perceive the China–Taiwan tension as a serious problem for the USA when Americans identify China as a major threat and its military strength as a concern. As US public opinion shapes the US foreign policy on China, the findings shed light on the public support for the ongoing US–China conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Taiwan–Myanmar Relations within the Framework of the New Southbound Policy.
- Author
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Kironska, Kristina
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,SOFT power (Social sciences) ,CHINA-United States relations ,MILITARY law ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article combines the study of Taiwan's New Southbound Policy with a case study of Taiwan–Myanmar relations from a perspective of political relations, economic cooperation, and Taiwan's (un)recognisability in Myanmar—i.e. Taiwan's soft power in Myanmar. The first part of the paper introduces the policy and compares it with the previous ones, and sheds light on Taiwan's motivation to engage with Myanmar. It considers the ongoing trade war between the United States and China, due to which investment relocation from China is expected to sharply increase. The second part of the paper provides an insight into the relationship between Taiwan and Myanmar after Myanmar's state-led political transformation from military rule and economic liberalisation since approximately 2010. It explains the main aspects and determinants of the relationship between two countries that share a neighbouring potential hegemon which they both wish to balance against. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARMED FORCES AND THEIR MODERNIZATION IN THE YEARS 2017-2020 IN THE BACKGROUND OF THE GEOPOLITICAL CRISIS IN RELATIONS WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC).
- Author
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SUROWIEC, Krzysztof
- Subjects
MODERNIZATION (Social science) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GEOPOLITICS ,SOCIAL support - Abstract
This paper examines the development of the military potential of Taiwan (ROC) in 2017-2020 against the background of threats resulting from the aspirations of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan is one of the fastest developing countries in the world. This paper presents the latest trends in terms of the scale and scope of modernization of the Taiwanese armed forces, with particular regard to land forces in 2017-2020, and the factors that had a direct impact on the process, such as its geopolitical location and power, and the ever-increasing threat from China. Both of these countries strive to maximize their power and preserve their interests in joint relations. Realism as a doctrine of international relations is well known and implemented in the PRC, and factors such as nationalism only strengthen it. Taiwan is still considered part of its former "homeland," and Taipei's proclamation of independence could lead to war, even if the Chinese economy were to suffer. On the other hand, Taipei's raison d'être is to ensure its own security through the development of its military and economic potential and faith in external help. Mutual fears between Taipei and Beijing and other countries in the region are exacerbated by the so-called security dilemma, which means that any actions aimed at ensuring greater military potential by China will be poorly received in Tokyo, Seoul, Hanoi, Taipei, and especially in Washington, and will cause even greater armament on their part, which may lead to war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Soft Power Rich, Public Diplomacy Poor: An Assessment of Taiwan's External Communications.
- Author
-
Rawnsley, Gary
- Subjects
POWER (Social sciences) ,DIPLOMACY ,TAIWANESE politics & government, 1975- ,TAIWAN. Government Information Office ,TAIWAN. Ministry of Foreign Affairs ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Territorial Disputes between Adversarial States: Implications for Tsai Ing-wen's "New Southbound Policy" and Taiwan's Approach to Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea.
- Author
-
Lu, Kelan (Lilly)
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,INTERNATIONAL conflict ,TERRITORIAL jurisdiction ,CHINESE politics & government ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This study examines whether the pacifying effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on territorial disputes between adversarial dyads is conditional upon the dyads' past experience of military cooperation. I built a political economy model and conducted a logistic regression analysis on the newly coded bilateral FDI data between adversarial dyads and the existing dataset by merging the rivalry data established by Thompson [51] and the territorial disputes data collected by Lee and Mitchell [42]. I found that when bilateral FDI flows between adversarial dyads reach a certain level the pacifying effect of FDI is stronger for adversarial dyads with past military cooperation. I also found that while past military cooperation has a pacifying effect in general, past military cooperation that occurred more recently has a stronger pacifying effect than those that occurred a while ago. Moreover, based upon the theoretical model and empirical findings in this paper, I investigated the political implications for Tsai Ing-wen's "New Southbound Policy" and Taiwan's approach to the territorial dispute issues in the South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The End of One-Party Dominance - Acomparative study of Taiwan and Mexico.
- Author
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Chen, Ketty W.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL parties , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *CULTURAL identity , *ACTIVISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The purpose for this research paper is to investigate the reasons behind the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) initiation of democratization in Taiwan in using the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) of Mexico as comparison. The KMT should be consider as one of the rare hegemonic ruling party in the world to survive democratic transitions intact, even though the nature and structures of the party have been changed tremendously through democratization. The PRI possess the same qualities. However, the reasons for initiating liberalization of the two parties were somewhat different. Ultimately, four explanatory factors (two internal, two external) emerged as the main contributors to the democratization process in Taiwan. They are: first, the development of Taiwanese identity different from that of the Chinese; second, the political demands and activism of a growing middle class due to the economic success; third, the changes in United States foreign policy towards the encouragement of democratization; and fourth and most importantly, the competition with China for support and the recognition from the international community and the need for the Taiwanese government to enhance its appeal to international supporters, particularly the United States. In addition, while the four factors mentioned above all contributed to the KMT-led democratization in Taiwan, the influence of the United State’s foreign policy in the Fast East and its support of democratic states should be considered the most significant factor contributing to the democratization in Taiwan. In sum, the hypothesis proposed by this research paper is that the accumulation and interaction of all four factors made democratization in Taiwan and the end of the KMT one-party dominance inevitable, with the external pressure from the U.S. essentially playing the most significant role in impelling the KMT elites’ decision to liberalize, adopt electoral reform and stop the persecution of the opposition. The theoretical approaches of the paper are as the following: this paper will adopt the definition of “democracy” provided by Linz and Stepan (1978) to serve as guidelines for whether there is democracy in both Taiwan and Mexico. The definition from Linz states that the criteria of democracy are: “ [The] legal freedom to formulate and advocate political alternatives with the concomitant rights to free association, free speech, and other basic freedoms of person; free and nonviolent competition among leaders with periodic validation of their claim to rule; inclusion of all effective political offices in the democratic process; and provision for the participation of all members of the political community. Practically, this means the freedom to create political parties and to conduct free and honest elections at regular intervals without excluding any effective political office from direct or indirect electoral accountability” (Linz, 5). The paper will also posit that Lipset’s take on modernization theory (1959) holds valid in the case of Taiwan. The economic success in the 1970s and 1980s created a large, well-organized middle class that in turn demanded more political freedom, equality and liberalization. In addition, the paper also addresses Linz and Diamond’s (1989) claim that the genesis and maintenance of democracy is ‘greatly facilitated by values and behavioral dispositions, particularly at the elite level, of compromise, flexibility, tolerance, conciliation, moderation and restraint” (Linz, 12). The methodology use by the paper will be comparative analysis on both the KMT and the PRI’s initiation to liberalize. The paper will also provide historical analysis on the nature of the KMT and its 50-year dominance on Taiwan. Lastly, the paper analyzes voter turn-outs and the results of the 2000 presidential election, which validated the consolidation of democracy in both Taiwan and Mexico. Maybe it is because of the geographic distance; Taiwan and Mexico are not often compared and studied together. Even though there are great differences between the KMT and PRI authoritarian regime, the end result of democratization and the eventual ousting of both parties from power were the same. The paper hopes to shed light on the reasons behind an elite-led liberalization by comparing two difference cases with the same end results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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31. Why Is Economic IntegrationUnlikely in Greater China?
- Author
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Chang, Thomas L.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *INTERNATIONAL economic integration , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
In the last two decades of the twentieth century, interactions among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China have undergone extensive change, moving from intensified confrontation to closer economic exchange. After Taipei legalized travel to the mainland in November 1987, new economic opportunities were opened up to both sides of the Strait. This change aroused plenty of discussions, with the main discussion centered around the possibility of an economically integrated Greater China . The great volume of trade across the strait and the huge amount of investments on the mainland by Taiwanese entrepreneurs have created a dense economic relationship that is potentially beneficial to further integration. In view of this, many scholars and political elites in the region have expressed their optimistism on the formation of Greater China through many of their discourses. The usages of terms such as “Greater China,” “Chinese Economic Area,” “Common Chinese Market,” or “South China Economic Sphere” all reflect these scholars’ eager expectation. However, the concerns for each side’s security, sovereignty, and domestic politics hinder such development, and the expected spillover from economic corporation into a higher level of integration has not yet appeared. In this paper, I would try to answer why the economic integration is unlikely in Greater China. And I would like to argue that the current economic interaction and given cultural similarity cannot lead to economic integration in the absence of political understanding. On the surface, comparative advantages come from complementary economic development on both sides of the Strait , geographic proximity (reducing transportation costs) and cultural affinity (reducing transaction costs in investment and technology transfer). However, fundamental sovereignty and identity differences remain. In the first part of this paper, I would like to apply Keohane and Nye’s framework, interdependence, to argue that the growing trade and investment volume flowing across the Strait does not imply interdependence. Since interdependence is a necessary antecedent to economic integration, integration is unlikely without any interdependence. Even if the ongoing trend can lead us to cross the threshold of interdependence, the political concerns are still able to undermine further institutionalization. In the second part of this paper, I would like to focus on the concept of cultural affinity which is supposed to be a plus for integration. However, given current political considerations, what we have are perceived hostility and alienated identification, and these factors reverse the plus to a minus for integration. In the third part, I would like to emphasize contested sovereignty, identity, and security tensions which can be seen as the prerequisites for the progress of economic integration. According to Joanne Gowa, security matters, however, enlightened by David Laitin’s study on leadership, I argue that the government/leader’s political concerns towards sovereignty and identity can play the most important role in hindering the progress of negotiation, furthermore, the future process of integration. I would like to conclude that since the political issue, especially sovereignty and identity issues, is not settled yet, it is too optimistic to expect the spillover effect that brings the current thriving economic interaction into a more institutionalized economic integration in the Greater China region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Long-term Trends and Cross-Strait Relations.
- Author
-
Saunders, Phillip C.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *POLITICAL science , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper identifies and examines a number of long-term trends reshaping the security environment in the Taiwan Strait in ways that might produce a military conflict. Focusing on long-term trends is a useful analytical approach that highlights the possibility that political leaders may knowingly take risky actions in response to perceptions that adverse trends are eroding their security. Taiwan?s democratic transition and growing sense of a separate Taiwan identity have changed the political considerations governing Taiwan?s policy toward the mainland. China worries about growing pro-independence sentiment in Taiwan, but lacks the political tools to build support for unification. As a result, China has sought to deter movement toward Taiwan independence while developing the military capabilities to deter U.S. intervention in support of Taiwan. China?s goal is to force the United States to choose between continuing its support for Taiwan or sacrificing Chinese cooperation on economic and security issues. The perceived Chinese military threat to Taiwan has caused the United States to increase its support for Taiwan, included increased security cooperation. These trends are gradually undercutting the basis for the ?one China? framework that has served U.S. interests effectively for the past thirty years. The paper examines these long-term trends and assesses their implications for the stability of the security environment in the Taiwan Strait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
33. "Japan's Colonial Legacy in Korea and Taiwan: 21st Century Implications for Security Relations in Northeast Asia".
- Author
-
Ku, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations research , *INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,JAPANESE foreign relations - Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to gain a meaningful understanding of how security relationships develop between former colonies and their former colonizers. Identifying the conditions that prompt a former colony to reject a security partnership with its former colonizer, and, in contrast, the factors that encourage a former colony to embrace a security relationship with its former colonizer will expand one's understanding of the nature of security relations within international politics. Northeast Asia's political climate presents a fascinating case study to examine the politics of alignment. Specifically, this paper aims to first peer through the lens of Korea and Taiwan's unique colonial experiences under Japanese rule to provide historical context to understand why the ROK and Japan struggle to develop a robust military relationship despite perceiving some external threats in the region similarly, and, in contrast, why Taiwan welcomes a security partnership with Japan today. However, this does not mean that Japan and the ROK do not work together to advance each other's interests totally, nor does this study suggest that Japan and Taiwan do not face conflicts of interest. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of Japan's relationship with Korea and Taiwan, this paper also considers how Seoul and Taipei's unique colonial experiences and contemporary security relationships with Japan affect cooperation across diplomatic channels and economic partnerships. This study also acknowledges that assessing Japan's relationships with Korea and Taiwan prior to the colonial period would be insightful, though it will focus primarily from 1895 to the present. In particular, four critical factors help to explain Japan-ROK's toxic security relationship and Japan-Taiwan's strong, albeit, de facto security partnership: 1) national identity shaped by each country's unique colonial experience under Japanese rule, 2) the United States' managerial role across both of its security triangles in Northeast Asia, 3) shared perceptions of common threats, and 4) the politics of formal military alliances versus the politics of de facto security partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
34. American and Chinese Students' Attitudes toward International Affairs.
- Author
-
Masters, Paul E. and Jan, Lee-jan
- Abstract
Examines orientations of youth in the United States and Taiwan towards politics and international affairs. Provides insight into the students' international interest, knowledge, and information and their opinions on international conflicts and cooperation. (Author/BSR)
- Published
- 1987
35. 'Normalization,' U.S. Foreign Policy and Domestic Linkages.
- Author
-
City Univ. of New York, NY. City Coll. Dept. of Asian Studies. and Hsiung, James C.
- Abstract
In this paper, the United States' foreign policy with regard to normalization of relations with mainland China and the implications of various normalization strategies is discussed. Failures in Kissinger's policy (fixation upon super-actors, but neglect of regional powers and the attitude that Taiwan was disposable) are identified. The effects of the Kissinger legacy are described and problems of balancing power in a world consisting of four major groups (advantaged industrial nations, communist nations, rich but developing nations, and the global poor) are examined. The new United States design for foreign policy and normalization is explained as a shift from balancing the Washington, Moscow, Peking triangle to attempting to achieve a West-South alliance. Both the USSR and China are seen as communist rivals of the United States in the Southern Arc. Intermediate powers are perceived as important to the United States in the event of a showdown with a large Communist power. Based on this perception of the Carter administration policy, problems with normalization include a reluctance to meet Peking's demands and a reluctance to abandon Taiwan totally. This impasse over normalization is shown to be a result of the White House's shift in strategic thinking on foreign policy and Peking's stubborness with regard to its conditions. (Author/WI)
- Published
- 1978
36. Sino-American Relations after Normalization: Toward the Second Decade. Foreign Policy Association Headline Series, No. 276.
- Author
-
Foreign Policy Association, New York, NY., Goldstein, Steven M., and Mathews, Jay
- Abstract
One in a series of booklets whose purpose is to stimulate greater interest in and more effective understanding of world affairs among American citizens, this six-chapter booklet traces the development toward improved relations between China and the United States. The chapters include: "Toward a New Consensus: 1978-1986"; "Strategic Triangle: The Impact of Sino-Soviet Relations"; "The Taiwan Issue"; "Economic Relations"; "China's Reform Process"; and "The Future of the Relationship." The "Talking It Over" section offers questions for students and discussion groups. A suggested reading list for classroom or community use concludes the booklet. (TRS)
- Published
- 1985
37. From Dependence to Autonomy. The Development of Asian Universities.
- Author
-
Altbach, Philip G., Selvaratnam, Viswanathan, Altbach, Philip G., and Selvaratnam, Viswanathan
- Abstract
A collection of works on the development of Asian universities is presented, focusing on an aspect of higher education not previously analyzed: the contemporary impact of Western academic systems in Asia. Eleven papers fall into three sections following the introduction, "Twisted Roots: The Western Impact on Asian Higher Education," (P. Altabach). The sections are: (1) The Non-Colonial Experience: "China's Universities and Western Academic Models" (R. Hayhoe); "Looking West and East: Thailand's Academic Development" (K. Watson); and "Independence and Choice: Western Impacts on Japanese Higher Education" (S. Nakayama); (2) The European Colonial Tradition: "The Western Impact on Philippine Higher Education" (A. Gonzalez); "The Origin of Modern Indonesian Higher Education" (W. Cummings and S. Kasenda); "Indian Higher Education: Colonialism and Beyond" (A. Basu); "Change Amidst Continuity: University Development in Malaysia" (V. Selvaratnam); and "University Education in Singapore: The Making of a National University" (S. Gopinathan); and (3) The Japanese Colonial Impact: "The Emergence of the Modern University in Korea" (S. Lee); and The Development of Higher Education in Taiwan" (W. Wu, S. Chen, and C. Wu). (SM)
- Published
- 1989
38. The Geopolitics of Africa.
- Author
-
Rousek, Joseph S.
- Abstract
Presents a geopolitical history of the African continent. Its geography, mineral resources, regional industrial development, and international role are discussed. The impact of African foreign policies on the struggle between China and Taiwan is examined. (AM)
- Published
- 1982
39. Taiwan white paper called dual tactic.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Reports on the Chinese government's reactions to Taiwan's white paper about relations across the Taiwan Straits. Opposition to the paper's advocacy for creating two Chinas; Reunification as a dispute of systems; Implications of Taiwan's attempts to participate in the United Nations; Ways to develop relations with Taiwan.
- Published
- 1994
40. Behind the Leverage of Taiwan's New Southbound Policy: New Market Opportunities and Disproving Confrontation.
- Author
-
Teng, Jiunn-Cherng
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,RADICALISM ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SILK Road - Abstract
Currently, many of Taiwan's New Southbound Policy reports show that Taiwan's primary motivations are to cooperate with Southeast Asia, the Asia-Pacific, and South Asia to decrease their dependence on mainland China. Taiwan's government aims to leverage Taiwan's assets to enhance regional integration with these countries. However, there is still a lack of research on the purpose behind the policy. Why is Taiwan now seemingly using a policy of confrontation instead of avoidance? This paper argues that the policy intent behind the New Southbound Policy is not to directly confront mainland China, despite Beijing's pressure on Taiwan. This hypothesis will be explored by analysing and comparing the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the New Southbound Policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Cool Man.
- Subjects
TAIWAN-United States relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the plea of U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson not to publish a directive declaring that Formosa has no special military significance during a testimony at the Senate Joint Committee in 1951. He emphasized that the document was nothing but policy information paper for the guidance of U.S. propaganda efforts. Acheson declared that the directive was drawn up on the suggestion of Lieutenant General Albert Wedemeyer.
- Published
- 1951
42. The Chinese Pacifics: A Brief Historical Review.
- Author
-
D'Arcy, Paul
- Subjects
DIASPORA ,ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
This survey reviews the growing role and presence of China in the Island Pacific. As the late Professor Ron Crocombe remarked, in the Pacific a major transition is under way from a range of European to Asian influences. Many Western observers have viewed this rise of Asian, and specifically Chinese, influence with alarm, but Crocombe saw it as offering Pacific Islanders new opportunities. This paper first analyses the diversity that can be masked by terms such as ‘China’ and ‘the Pacific’. Then it surveys recent literature on China in the Pacific and scholarship concerned with longer Chinese histories in the region that most recent commentators ignore and which question a number of their assertions. Finally, it suggests possible future directions for historical research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Taiwan's Export Control System: Overview and Recommendations.
- Author
-
Hanham, Melissa, Dill, Catherine, Salisbury, Daniel, Kynerd, P. Alex, and Wang, Raymond
- Subjects
WEAPONS of mass destruction ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,COMMERCIAL law ,COMMERCE ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Published
- 2017
44. Engaging China while Defending Taiwan: Pivotal Deterrence and Domestic Politics in the Clinton, Bush, and Obama Administrations.
- Author
-
Chen, Dean P.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
A conference paper about U.S.-China conflict due to Taiwan is presented which was discussed at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, from August 30-September 2, 2012. The paper discusses topics including China's emerging global influence in the post-Cold War era and the U.S. involvement in the Taiwan Strait conflict.
- Published
- 2012
45. Defensive Commitment and the Likelihood of Militarized Conflict in the Cross-Strait Relations.
- Author
-
Charles Chong-han wu and John Fuh-sheng Hsieh
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
A conference paper about militarized conflict in the cross-strait relations is presented which was prepared for presentation at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, from August 30-September 2, 2012. The paper discusses topics including the U.S.-China-Taiwan triangular relationships and the alliance-like arrangement between Taiwan and the U.S.
- Published
- 2012
46. A Reflection on the (Mis)use of 'Democracy Card' in Taiwan's Foreign Policy.
- Author
-
Ching-chang Chen
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *POLITICAL doctrines , *POLITICAL science , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Contrary to a long held belief in post-authoritarian Taiwan in the omnipotence of democracy to ensure the island's autonomy in the face of China, this paper argues that toward the end of the second Chen Shui-bian administration the 'marginal utility' of Taipei's use of democracy in garnering international sympathy has been drastically decreasing; recent examples include its failure to persuade major members of the 'liberal democratic community', the United States in particular, to support or at least acquiesce in its proposed referendum on joining the United Nations under the name of Taiwan held alongside the presidential election in March 2008. The underlying reason, however, is not found in the blame game between Taipei and Washington as to whether the United States is bowing to Chinese pressure at the expense of Taiwan's democratic deepening, or Taiwanese ruling elites' tactic of mobilising mass support is unnecessarily provocative which could end up drawing the US into an unwanted conflict with China. Rather, this paper suggests that the quarrel is indicative of the emergence of a new standard of civilisation based on the degree of democratic-ness in world politics. While mainstream security discourse in Taiwan has been deeply embedded in the binary structure of a democratic, peace-loving Taiwan versus an authoritarian, war-like China, in urging Taiwanese leaders to 'responsibly' strike a balance between promoting their political values and protecting their people's vital interests, senior US officials too unwittingly reproduce the rhetoric of democracy as civilisation. Unable to comprehend the operation of this civilised/barbarian trope in which Taiwan as a 'maturing' democracy (meaning potentially trouble-making) has been located between the West and the rest for the purpose of strategic appropriation, Taipei mistakenly believes that it has occupied the moral high ground vis-a-vis the great powers to 'go it alone' as seen in the UN referendum. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
47. The Sanctions Impact on Nuclear Reversal: A Case Study of Taiwan.
- Author
-
Jacob, Neerada
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC sanctions , *NUCLEAR weapons , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL science , *DIPLOMACY - Abstract
This paper examines the role of economic sanctions in Taiwan's decision to reverse its nuclear weapons efforts. Sanctions have long been derided as an ineffective tool of foreign policy, particularly in "high politics" issues such as nuclear weapons programs. Contrary to the prevalent view, in this paper I demonstrate that economic sanctions led to nuclear reversal in Taiwan through the "compellence" mechanism. Drawing on the literature on coercive diplomacy, the paper concludes that Taiwan's dependence on the United States for its very survival facilitated successful US coercion to reverse its nuclear weapons program. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
48. Partisan Intervention and Taiwan's China Policy.
- Author
-
Larus, Elizabeth Freund
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL science , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL parties , *DIVIDED government - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of democratization on Taiwan's foreign policy making. For fifty years, the ruling Koumintang determined Taiwan's China policy. The democratization that made possible the election of President Chen Shui-bian, however, complicated foreign policy making by allowing the participation of more voices in Taiwan's politics. For the past five years, the now opposition KMT and other parties have challenged Chen's China policy with a vastly different foreign policy agenda. This paper examines their views, and the influence of party cleavage on Taiwan's China policy. It seeks to answer the following questions: In Taiwan, does "politics stop at the water's edge"? (i.e., is there strong coordination among national officials and politicians), or is the state "disaggregated" with different elements (e.g., political parties) conducting semi-autonomous foreign policies in the service if disparate societal interests? ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
49. Democratization and Alliance Stability.
- Author
-
Dong Sun Lee
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRATIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOUTH Korean politics & government ,PHILIPPINE politics & government ,TAIWANESE politics & government - Abstract
This paper explains why democratization destabilizes some asymmetric alliances more than others. I argue that democratization has the potential to destabilize asymmetric alliances because it unleashes a powerful force of nationalism in the political arena. Nationalist elites who come to power in democratizing states view military dependence and resultant foreign influence as a humiliating encroachment of sovereignty. Therefore, they demand an autonomous, equal partnership often in disregard of power disparity within the alliance. The major ally in turn resents their seemingly ungrateful demands and unreasonable policies, and therefore shows a decreased interest in the alliance. As a result of these frictions, the alliance becomes less stable. Democratization, however, does not evenly affect asymmetric alliances because it occurs in different threat environments and takes divergent paths. These factors mitigate or amplify the destructive potential of nationalist sentiments that democratization unleashes. This paper tests these arguments by analyzing three asymmetric alliances in which a weaker member democratized since the late 1980s: U.S. alignments with South Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
50. China's Dual Track Approach to Regional Stability: Domestic Constraints and Foreign Policy.
- Author
-
Jakobson, Linda
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *GOVERNMENT policy , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
China's rise as an economic and political power constitutes both an opportunity to promote regional stability as well as a threat to derail regional stability in Asia. One of the major factors effecting China's international role in the coming years will be the management of the so-called Taiwan question. Taiwan's unresolved future, as well as Sino-Japanese relations will, in turn, become increasingly significant issues within Chinese domestic politics. At present, China is doing its best to reassure its neighbors of its peaceful rise to the role of regional power. China wants to be seen as the pragmatic promoter of multilateralism to ensure regional stability, opposed to the China of previous decades, which created instability in numerous Southeast Asian countries by pursuing ideological objectives. On the other hand, when dealing with what Beijing calls a domestic affair, the so-called Taiwan question, China's stance threatens to destabilize the region, a cause of great concern throughout Asia. Increasingly, as Chinese society becomes more pluralistic, the leaders of China could conceivably come under intense pressure from factions within several domestic constituencies to adopt an even tougher stance toward Taiwan, to ensure that the goal of reunification is not nullified forever. Moreover, in the event of economic stagnation, a domestic crisis could propel the Chinese leaders to force a settlement in the Taiwan Strait in an attempt to divert public opinion away from problems at home. This paper will focus on Chinese policies in Asia, describing the development of these policies as they become more accommodating, on the one hand, while simultaneously, due to domestic constraints, more uncompromising and hard-line in the Taiwan Strait and vis-à-vis Japan. The paper will attempt to analyze the effect that the diversification of Chinese politics as well as the emphasis on China's century of humiliation have on China's dual-track Asia policy and its effects on stability in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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