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Background: Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) involves international online activities that allow the support of transversal competencies in diverse and multicultural environments without moving from home. This paper presents the learning experiences and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Girona (Spain) from a COIL activity involving clinical simulation in collaboration with the University of Coventry (United Kingdom). Methods: Qualitative study of content analysis. Twelve students from each of the two universities participated in the data collection process using reflective diaries. Results: The data analysis highlighted five topics related to the COIL activity involving clinical simulation: (a) initial attitudes towards the COIL activity; (b) main learning through the COIL activity; (c) positive aspects of the COIL activity; (d) weaknesses of the COIL activity and proposals for improvement; and (e) overall evaluation of the COIL activity. Conclusions: The main learning outcomes referred to by students were the relationships between transversal competencies and the skills for life, language skills, cultural skills, and more specific skills related to clinical standards. The students were most satisfied with the teaching activities and specified positive aspects and weaknesses that will add value to future versions of the activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed in the 9th and 10th of the Pugwash Conferences in Science and World Affairs which were held in Cambridge on August 25-30, and in London, England on September 3-7, 1962. The conference gathered 60 scientists from 18 countries. The papers presented by Western scientists and the statements emanating from the conferences have shown no evidence of partisan inspiration.

Purpose: Self-direction–also known as participant direction, personalization and self-directed care–is a service delivery model that enables people to manage their personal budget and purchase services and supports tailored to their needs based on a person-centered plan. This paper, the outcome of an international learning exchange on self-direction, describes approaches across four countries' successful strategies, unresolved questions and recommendations to enhance self-direction globally. Design/methodology/approach: The findings are a product of discussions at the 2019 International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership and International Initiative for Disability Leadership Exchange on Advances in Self-Direction. Participants included people who are self-directing, providers and caregivers who support people who are self-directing, advocates, fiscal agents and public managers who administer self-direction from the United States, England, Australia and New Zealand. Findings: In all four countries, people who self-direct exercise high levels of choice and control and are able to individualize their services and supports to promote a good life in the community. The exchange also revealed challenges and possible solutions to improve and expand self-direction. Practical implications: The results of the meeting provide guidance for public managers, providers and advocates for initiating and expanding self-direction. Originality/value: This international meeting was a unique opportunity to compare self-direction across four different countries and across multiple perspectives, including people with disabilities, caregivers, providers and administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ways in which credentials from a range of education providers are used to (re)produce transnational financial elites in London's international financial district. Extant research has examined the long-standing relationship between educational background and entry into these financial labour markets. Far less attention has been paid to how the relationship between education and financial elites has changed more recently as financial labour markets have become increasingly transnational in nature and education and learning increasingly extend beyond higher education into the workplace. In response, this paper combines work on transnational elite labour markets with work from the sociology of education on the intersection between work and workplace education in order to understand the different strategies used by individuals (from both the UK and overseas) to acquire a range of credentials following their first degree in an effort to advance their careers within contemporary financial services labour markets. We argue that this research reveals the comparatively neglected trans-local qualities of workplace learning and education as individuals acquire both international and local academic credentials in what are often assumed to be global elite labour markets. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this research for work on the role of education in the (re)production of transnational elites more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most of New Zealand's history, its main centre has, arguably, lain some 12,000 miles away from its geographical borders. London, centre of empire and the world's greatest city, might also be considered New Zealand's metropolis. This paper focuses on one particular period of the New Zealand/London relationship, using travel writing to interrogate the role London might have played in New Zealand's cultural imagination. It suggests that London's heritage, history and modernity could be integrated as part of New Zealand's cultural landscape, forming an important extension of the sometimes inadequate cultural borders of settler colonies. This redefined relationship, with its cultural borrowings and transferences may help us understand the supercharged transformation of white settler societies from colonies into 'first world' nations, a process that conventionally has considered these ties to 'Home' as an obstacle to such change. 'Familiar London' may instead have been an important constituent in that shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explore and explain some of the distant causes of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89. It argues that without the fundamental change in English public opinion at the beginning of the 1670s, the Glorious Revolution - which was an Anglo-Dutch achievement - would have been impossible. It discusses the foreign policy of Charles II, the consequences of the third Anglo-Dutch War and some domestic developments, which all combined to change the way well-informed people in England perceived continental affairs. The article also touches upon the role of coffeehouses in the development of a public sphere in later Stuart England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks at church-state relations in Britain during the Early Cold War through the relationship between the Foreign Office and the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations. It examines the conviction of government and religious elites that secular and spiritual power were complementary and of benefit to the national interest. Albeit marked by mutual empathy, subtle and discreet means, informal understandings and shared outlooks, cooperation between the two could prove problematic. The paper explores the Cold War tensions that derived from the influence of America's «spiritual-industrial-complex» on its Transatlantic ally when it conflicted with the ecumenical influences on the Church of England to reach out to the Russian Orthodox Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to recent interest in city twinning by urban theorists. It begins with a review of writing from across the social sciences which describes the institutional context and content of twinning programmes, as well as work which theorises how care and hospitality are key elements of twinning practices. Ethnographic research is then presented from the City of Manchester (UK) in order to consider the ways in which twinning is constituted through circuits, networks and webs of co-operation and competition involved in the transfer of policy and knowledge which can be strategic, uneven and at times ambivalent. In doing so, it is argued that the conflicts, tensions and contradictions bound up with twinning have much to offer theoretical and empirical understanding of territorial and relational urban politics. The paper concludes with theoretical, methodological and policy relevant insights. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The 'internationalisation' of universities has recently become a keyword in many countries. With the progress of globalisation, the mobility of students and academic staff at universities has drastically increased in the past few decades. As a result, more universities are now trying to bring an international dimension to their institutions. While some universities are focusing on internationalising their curricula to meet the needs of a globalised society, others are emphasising the establishment of new collaboration agreements with foreign universities to raise their profiles further. These changes have made universities main players in the age of global knowledge competition, and consequently it has been important for universities to create solid international strategies in order to survive. In this context, the United Kingdom has probably been one of the most proactive countries in this field. This paper will examine the underlying concepts of internationalisation of universities in England. The aim of the research is to examine the different attitudes towards internationalisation between pre-1992 ('old' universities) and post-1992 (former polytechnic) universities, and to explore what kind of factors influenced their international strategies. This paper will also attempt to provide a possible explanation as to why higher education institutions in England are heading for internationalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the Royal Progress of 1541 and the Anglo-Scottish relations in 1534-1542. Journey of Henry VIII to northern England and Scotland; Efforts of arranging a meeting between Henry VIII and the King of Scotland, James V; Deterioration of Anglo-Scottish relations.

This paper draws on an international comparative study of social work decision making in cases that are on the edge of care order proceedings, involving child protection workers from Finland, Norway, England and the USA (California). It focuses on workers' responses in an online questionnaire to questions about the use of independent experts to inform their decisions about whether or not to take a case to court. All the countries try to avoid taking cases to court if possible, but the ways they do this vary considerably. The findings show the different meanings and implications that the request for an independent assessment has in the different systems. Workers' views reflect the roles and tasks that independent experts have in the different countries; and these in turn reflect their distinctive child protection systems and wider child welfare approaches. The paper offers a starting point for reflection about one's own system, and suggests that the well-known distinction between family support and child protection models should not be seen as a simple binary categorisation, but rather as a complex, contingent and contested continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores time-persistence in interregional differences of self-employment rates in England and Wales in the 1921–2011 period by using census data. The results suggest a strong path-dependence in entrepreneurship as past self-employment rates have strong bearing on future ones. However, there is also some rank mobility reflected in the upward movements of London boroughs and downward movements of primarily coastal areas. Rank mobility relates to structural changes, changes in human capital, regional age structures and immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studying long-term trends in educational inequalities in health is important for monitoring and policy evaluation. Data issues regarding the allocation of people to educational groups hamper the study and international comparison of educational inequalities in mortality. For the UK, this has been acknowledged, but no satisfactory solution has been proposed. Objective: To enable the examination of long-term mortality trends by educational level for England and Wales (E&W) in a time-consistent and internationally comparable manner, we propose and implement an approach to deal with the data issues regarding mortality data by educational level. Methods: We employed 10-year follow-ups of individuals aged 20+ from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS), which include education information from each decennial census (1971–2011) linked to individual death records, for a 1% representative sample of the E&W population. We assigned the individual cohort data to single ages and calendar years, and subsequently obtained aggregate all-cause mortality data by education, sex, age (30+), and year (1972–2017). Our data adjustment approach optimised the available education information at the individual level, and adjusts—at the aggregate level—for trend discontinuities related to the identified data issues, and for differences with country-level mortality data for the total population. Results: The approach resulted in (1) a time-consistent and internationally comparable categorisation of educational attainment into the low, middle, and high educated; (2) the adjustment of identified data-quality related discontinuities in the trends over time in the share of personyears and deaths by educational level, and in the crude and the age-standardised death rate by and across educational levels; (3) complete mortality data by education for ONS-LS members aged 30+ in 1972–2017 which aligns with country-level mortality data for the total population; and (4) the estimation of inequality measures using established methods. For those aged 30+ , both absolute and relative educational inequalities in mortality first increased and subsequently decreased. Conclusion: We obtained additional insights into long-term trends in educational inequalities in mortality in E&W, and illustrated the potential effects of different data issues. We recommend the use of (part of) the proposed approach in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commonly represented in contemporary texts and modern historiographical accounts as a dangerous and alien region, characterised by piracy and barbarism, the history of the early modern Maghreb and the cultural impact it had on British society is one highly limited by indirect sources, cultural, political, and religious biases, and the distorting influence of Orientalist and colonial historiography. Historians have drawn on a wide range of popular media and government-held archival material, each with its own limitations, but one important corpus has been neglected. Drawn from up-to-date and trusted sources and distributed to vast audiences from a wide range of social groups, periodical news publications provide a vast and fruitful body of sources for evaluating popular and elite English viewpoints on Maghrebi piracy. This paper draws upon a corpus of 3385 news items comprising over 360,000 words relating to the Maghreb and its people, drawn from Stuart and Republican English news publications, with a view towards examining the discourse and reality around Maghrebi maritime combat, diplomact and trade in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England. To what extent did maritime combat dominate coverage of the Maghreb, over other social, political and military events? Why did news writers use the word 'pirate' so infrequently to describe Maghrebi ships? Was Maghrebi piracy chaotic and unfettered, or did peace treaties and consular presence lead to stable trade relations? Were Maghrebi economies seen to be fundamentally built on naval predation, or was real benefit available from peaceful engagement with the Maghrebi states? Examining these and other questions from English news coverage, this paper argues that the material in English periodical news is generally consistent with what we know of the military, diplomatic and economic conditions of the time, surprisingly neutral in tone with a possible emphasis on positive stories when dealing with British–Maghrebi relations, and increasingly after the Restoration played a significant role in influencing British popular discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2007 the English village of Wootton Bassett emerged as a site to honour British military personnel killed in action. Repatriation ceremonies developed from a spontaneous act by the citizens of the town into an informal site of national respect for the armed forces. Initially cited by the media as an example to shame the country for its lack of respect for the military, it became both a space for public displays of grief and a site of political contention about British involvement in the Afghanistan war. Analysing newspaper coverage of the repatriations through Wootton Bassett, this first geographical analysis of the phenomenon describes that trajectory, its coverage by the media and the eventual return of formal control of the repatriation process to the military. Although it opened spaces for critical reflection on UK foreign policy, the Wootton Bassett phenomenon should be seen as part of a trend of the rehabilitation of the military in the aftermath of the Iraq war. The paper thus contributes to emergent debates about the militarisation of civilian space, and about the shifting nature of civil-military relations as a consequence of the two wars in which the UK has been engaged over the past decade. It concludes with a call for geographers to pay more attention to the formation and dissolution of spontaneous, immaterial and temporary sites of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision to award the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games to London has focused interest on the lasting legacy of benefits and problems that may result from staging the games. This paper explores the nature and characteristics of the sports legacy arising from those games. It opens by considering the meaning of Olympic sports legacy, and then gives a brief analysis of the sports legacies associated with the two previous London Olympics (1908 and 1948). It then considers the legacy promises made in the bid documents for London 2012, before examining the progress made and challenges encountered during the post-award development phase for managing sports legacy — not least in view of the prevailing climate of economic retrenchment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small minority of Scots who entered the house of commons in 1707 were slow to make their mark. Besides lack of numbers, they suffered several significant disadvantages. The Westminster scene was strange, and the style and tone of debate more vigorous and informal. Moreover, the aristocracy had dominated the unicameral Scottish parliament, and commoners found it difficult to emancipate themselves from noble tutelage. Most importantly, Scottish politics did not yet reflect the two-party system dominant in England. Thus in the first sessions the Scots were unable to make headway in the essential business of parliament, legislation. Scotland suffered in comparison with the English provinces, and even the Irish, who were able to muster a more effective lobby. Soon, however, a new generation of debaters appeared, able to use their wit to discomfit English antagonists, and a new class of 'men of business' who grasped the rules of the legislative game. The fortuitous deaths of leading magnates and the polarisation of sectarian antagonisms in Scotland permitted the coalescence of the Scottish representation into two broad factions allied with the English parties. It was with English tory support that bills were passed to benefit the sectional concerns of Scottish episcopalians, accompanied by other measures of a more general nature. The combined attempt by Scottish peers and MPs in 1713 to secure the repeal of the union does not point to a lasting breakdown in Anglo-Scottish relations, since it was also a manifestation of political opportunism by English whigs and discontented tories, and their Scottish allies. But the dawn of a party system in Scotland was dispelled by the death of Queen Anne and the ensuing jacobite rebellion. The complicity of tories in the Fifteen resulted in the destruction of the party in Scotland, and the construction of a whig hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article surveys three strands of development in the further education of young people in England since the Second World War: its institutional evolution, some aspects of the experience of its students and staff, and the political and economic imperatives that have given it shape and direction. The account draws upon a wide range of primary secondary sources, from the literatures of professional and social research, economics, political science and political history. Toward the end of the paper, a broader comparative perspective is adopted in order to pin down the distinctiveness of the English experience, before overall conclusions are drawn. These discuss the extent to which further education in England remains a local enterprise and the areas of continuity that, as whole, account both for its identity and its place in English culture and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that key education policy initiatives since the introduction of the National Curriculum in the UK are Government-mediated responses to pressures in the global knowledge economy. Successful implementation of these policies has required a change in the way in which education institutions and professionals are controlled and managed. George Ritzer's ‘McDonaldization’ thesis, a conceptualization of a dominant form of economic and cultural globalization, is outlined and it is then argued that national education policy has led to the ‘McDonaldization’ of the state school education system in England. Benjamin Barber's concept of ‘McWorld’ is used to represent the consumerist world which a narrowed educational vision seeks to serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Philip Dowdall explores some of the ways in which the discourse of globalization has made itself apparent in the material and cultural fabric of London, and the psyches of the city's inhabitants. The author follows earlier attempts in this journal to describe and analyse the effects of contemporary processes of globalization on the city, and the consequences for those who occupy it (on London, see Michael Edwards and Doreen Massey, in CITY 5(1), for example). Drawing on literary and architectural representations of London from the 17th to the 19th-centuries, Dowdall points out some surprising but clear parallels between recent discourses on the city's global identity, championed by current Mayor Ken Livingstones attempts to redefine metropolitan identity, and earlier efforts to position London as a gateway to the world. The author sees the city as the focus of continuous self-conscious re-invention (340) and writes that 'Britain had to learn how to build globalization into the very foundations of [its] thinking some 300 years before Livingstone believed it to be a necessary means of survival in a competitive global economy'; arguing that the underlying essence of the discourse of globalization has changed little in the meantime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several research papers about immigration in specific geographic areas that appeared in various publications. The paper "Ethnology and the Peace of South Asia," by W. Connor studies the relevance of ethnology for international politics. The article "A Multivariate Analysis of the Internal Migratory Characteristics of the Towns of Hungary," by P. Compton deals with a statistical explanation using regression analysis of migration characteristics. The article "The Distribution and Concentration of Immigrants in London," by J. Doherty analyses the immigrant groups in London, England.

Information about several papers presented at the European Network in Universal and Global History (ENIUGH)-Congress "Connections and Comparisons," held in London, England from April 14 to April 17, 2011, is presented, focusing on the panels on "Global Hierarchies and Inequalities." Topics include development in Tanzania, South African foreign policy ideals, and Polish scientists in Siberia, Russia. Several scholars spoke, including Emma Hunter, Sara Elmer, and Maria Rhode.

The rebellion against Charles I's authority that began in Edinburgh in 1637 involved the Scots in successive invasions of England and armed intervention in Ireland. Historians have almost universally taken a negative view of Scottish involvement in these wars, because it has been assumed that the Scottish political leadership sacrificed all other considerations in order to pursue an unrealistic religious crusade. This article suggests that aspects of the Anglo-Scottish relationship need to be reappraised. Using estimates of English payments to the Scots during the 1640s, it will be argued that the Scottish leadership made pragmatic political decisions based on a practical appreciation of the country's military and fiscal capacity. Substantial payouts from the English parliament enabled the Scottish parliamentary regime to engage in military and diplomatic activities that the country could not otherwise have afforded. The 1643 treaty that brought the Scots into the English Civil War on the side of parliament contrasts favourably with the 1647 Engagement in support of the king. It will be shown that, although the English parliament did not honour all of its obligations to the Scots, it does not automatically follow that the alliance was a failure in financial terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the execution of British policy in the Middle East during the First World War, and the role of Captain George Gracey towards the Assyrian movement. It was Gracey who was acting the orders of the intelligence service to encourage the Assyrians to organize their resistance against the Turkish. At a conference, in the name of England, Gracey undertook to furnish immediately the funds necessary for the payment of the troops and non-commissioned officers. For the future he promised, the proclamation of the independence of the Assyrian nation.

The article provides information on the works of Group for War and Culture Studies (GWACS) which is established at the University of Westminster in London, England. The group is aimed at undertaking and promoting research into the relationships between war and culture. It focuses in France and Francophone countries in the twentieth century, as the idea for the research group took form in French department in a School of Languages. The group's place of origin in an academic environment of literary, linguistic, and cultural studies is essential to the approaches and methodologies of the group in its analysis of the impact of war on various forms of cultural production.

This article examines the image of Queen Elizabeth I (reg. 1558-1603) in Moroccan writings, focusing specifically on the period between 1588, the English victory over the Spanish Armada, and 1596, the English attack (with Moroccan logistical assistance) on Cadiz. Contrary to what some historians have claimed about Arab-Islamic ignorance of, and indifference to, Western Europe in the early modern period, the writings of Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali (1549-1621), the Moroccan scribe in the royal court of Marrakesh during the reign of Mulay Ahmad al-Mansur (reg. 1578-1603), provide valuable information about English political and naval activity in the last decade of the 16th century. The letters of al-Fishtali include the only contemporary description of the English Queen by a non-European writer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talleyrand fascinated his contemporaries and later historians alike on account of his wit, style, and epigrams, and perhaps even his policies. Talleyrand drifted across the Channel many times, and so did his policy towards Britain. This article examines his mission to London, 1792–94, and his later attitude towards Britain during the Napoleonic and Restoration periods. In so doing it seeks to demythologise Talleyrand's role as the founder of the Entente Cordiale. His policy, like the Entente itself, was based on ideals rather than realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 outbreak, most face-to-face teaching and practice-based learning placements were suspended. Universities provided ongoing health and social care education, including interprofessional education, using online technology. Focusing on changes in the delivery of interprofessional education, this second article in a series on interprofessional education provides an international perspective through facilitators' case reports. It considers the key factors that enabled a rapid shift from face-to-face to online interprofessional education, and the key aspects that had to change. The significant changes reported from literature and case reports reflect on remote and online learning, the duration of education sessions, individual and team learning aspects and facilitation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relations between southern Britain and the Merovingian kingdoms in the sixth and early seventh centuries have largely been understood in terms of a Frankish hegemony extending across the Channel. However, a re‐examination of the small group of written sources on which this idea is based shows that they do not necessarily imply such overlordship. Sixth‐century archaeological evidence points to a different and more complex picture of Frankish influence: displaying links with the Franks was crucial for the self‐representation of elites in southern England, and should be understood in the context of extensive transmarine contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, hundreds of thousands of French refugees sought shelter in Protestant states like the United Provinces and England. In England, the influx of Huguenots contributed significantly towards the argument for greater pan-Protestant engagement with the European continent. Huguenot-authored pamphlets advertised Catholic barbarity, deepening pre-existing anti-Catholic sentiments and imbibing those sentiments with other anti-French concerns, such as Louis XIV's supposed immorality and his striving for universal monarchy. Further, key Huguenot authors reinterpreted the Glorious Revolution as one synchronizing the country with its Protestant brethren. In so doing, the Huguenots supported William III's commitment to the Nine Years' War and increased the quantitative and qualitative arguments to carry out an expensive religious-ideological foreign policy, often against domestic criticisms in England that the outcomes of the war did not match the expense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the 23rd AESOP Congress held in Liverpool, England, is presented. It mentions that the meeting was attended by participants from all around the world including New Zealand, Australia and Malaysia. It further mentions that apart from the individual presents the main highlight of the meeting was the cross-cultural research planning.

Using quantitative and qualitative research designs, respectively, two studies investigated why countries make different health technology assessment (HTA) drug reimbursement recommendations. Building on these, the objective of this study was to (a) develop a conceptual framework integrating the factors explaining these decisions, (b) explore their relationship and (c) assess if they are congruent, complementary or discrepant. A parallel convergent mixed methods design was used. Countries included in both previous studies were selected (England, Sweden, Scotland and France). A conceptual framework that integrated and organised the factors explaining the decisions from the two studies was developed. Relationships between factors were explored and illustrated through case studies. The framework distinguishes macro-level factors from micro-level ones. Only two of the factors common to both studies were congruent, while two others reached discrepant conclusions (stakeholder input and external review of the evidence processes). The remaining factors identified within one or both studies were complementary. Bringing together these findings contributed to generating a more complete picture of why countries make different HTA recommendations. Results were mostly complementary, explaining and enhancing each other. We conclude that differences often result from a combination of factors, with an important component relating to what occurs during the deliberative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]