1. Mechanism investigation on Bisphenol S-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in murine RAW264.7 cells: The role of NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR4, Nrf2 and MAPK.
- Author
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Xie C, Ge M, Jin J, Xu H, Mao L, Geng S, Wu J, Zhu J, Li X, and Zhong C
- Subjects
- Acetylcysteine pharmacology, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Cell Survival drug effects, Free Radical Scavengers pharmacology, Mice, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism, RAW 264.7 Cells, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism, Inflammasomes drug effects, Inflammation chemically induced, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Phenols toxicity, Sulfones toxicity
- Abstract
Bisphenol S is considered as a safer alternative to bisphenol A. In the present study, we used murine macrophages to investigate the effects of BPS exposure on oxidative stress and inflammatory response as well as the underlying mechanism. Cells were exposed to BPS at various concentrations for short period of times. Results showed that 10
-8 M BPS triggered oxidative stress by increasing ROS/RNS production, increased the levels of oxidant enzyme NOX1/2, and decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD1/2, CAT and GSH-Px. 10-8 M BPS exposure significantly induced the production of proinflammatory mediators. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR4, and MAPK pathways was involved in this process. Furthermore, we illustrated that NAC pretreatment diminished these effects triggered by BPS exposure. Collectively, our data suggested that BPS at a dose relevant to human serum concentration induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in macrophages. These novel findings shed light on the concerns regarding the potential adverse effects of BPS exposure that requires further careful attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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