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This paper contends that the inclusion of meso- and micro-level perspectives has been under exploration in the study of the internationalization of humanities and social sciences, in particular, in a state-mandated system where policy interventions in higher education and knowledge production have typically been aligned with state construction and national development. It argues that institutional and individual responses to state policies on the internationalization of humanities and social sciences should be investigated due to their respective roles in policymaking and implementation. It has, therefore, retrieved recent and historical policy documents during the post-WTO period and collected empirical data from two Chinese universities. A constructivist-interpretivist qualitative approach and a qualitative case study strategy were adopted for this investigation. Based on an in-depth analysis of the empirical data, this paper reveals the gap between the macro-level ambition of achieving outward-oriented diffusion of innovations and the local-level realities, as well as institutional dilemmas and conflicts in facilitating the internationalization.

This article aims to reveal the factors that affecting the impact of international collaboration papers in the field of social sciences and humanities. Based on resource-based theory and transaction cost theory, we analyzed the articles from a sample of 13,331 listed research papers come from the 42 world class universities in China using descriptive statistics, ordinary least square (OLS) regression, and came to the following conclusions: First, it is the quality rather than the quantity of international collaborator that affect the academic influence of the research outputs. Second, researchers from different backgrounds are conducive to improve the impact of research papers and the collaboration leading by Chinese university perform better. Yet, too much collaborators coming from different institutions would have an adverse impact, which may due to the increase cost of cooperation. Finally, collaborating researchers from developed countries or top universities will significantly improve the research performance because of the abundant resources behind them. Findings from this research suggest that setting up international collaboration should pay more attention to the level of the collaborator and consider the cost behind the whole process.

Although the potential of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) for intercultural learning and teaching is acknowledged, few studies have explored the teaching of culture in EMI programmes in higher education contexts. Thus, this study examined the perceptions and practices that six EMI teachers from a variety of disciplines have of culture and cultural instruction at a Chinese university. Data were obtained from 24 classroom observations and six post-observation interviews. Drawing on Larzen-Ostermark's tripartite culture-teaching orientations and Rasouli and Moradkhani's culture-teaching taxonomy, the findings revealed that teachers with a humanities and social sciences background had a fluid and dynamic view regarding the understanding of culture, while teachers with a science, technology, engineering and mathematics background did not recognise the need to incorporate cultural instruction into their EMI classes. In analysing classroom data, five categories of cultural instruction were identified: contrast, authentic material, groupwork, codeswitching and guided discussion of culture. The five categories are mainly in line with the affective and action orientations in Larzen-Ostermark's three-orientation framework. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of the study's findings for EMI policymakers and EMI teacher training programmes.

This paper presents the results of a formative evaluation of a young faculty development scholarship program conducted in teachers colleges in impoverished areas of China. In the paper we describe the implementation of the program, the utilization of scholarship by recipients, recipients' satisfaction, and outcome data. Based on these data we discuss the successes and barriers of the program thus far. Several data collection methods were used in the evaluation: a longitudinal random survey of recipients, group interviews with their students, directors and colleagues, in-person interviews with individual recipient, interviews with representatives of provider agencies, and the data base in provider agency. The findings reported in this paper are primarily from the recipients' survey. Key findings from the group interviews and representatives' interviews are also included. As a whole, the findings suggest success in terms of recipients' knowledge and use of advanced training, and high levels of satisfaction with individual development and the organization level. Continuing challenges to the faculty training and development program include long-standing barrier to recipients' involvement (e.g. low levels of networking) and sustainability at the college-level to retain the services and social activism of program recipients. (Contains 1 footnote and 5 charts.)

Incentives for improving research productivity at universities prevail in global academia. However, the rationale, methodology, and impact of such incentives and consequent evaluation regimes are in need of scrutinization. This paper explores the influences of financial and career-related publishing incentive schemes on research cultures. It draws on an analysis of 75 interviews with academics, senior university administrators, and journal editors from China, a country that has seen widespread reliance on international publication counts in research evaluation and reward systems. The study focuses on humanities and social sciences (HSS) as disciplinary sites, which embody distinct characteristics and have experienced the introduction of incentive schemes in China since the early 2000s. Findings reveal tensions between internationalization and indigenization, quality and quantity, integrity and instrumentalism, equity and inequity in Chinese academia. In particular, we argue that a blanket incentive scheme could reinforce a managerial culture in higher education, encourage performative objectification of academics, and jeopardize their agency. We thereby challenge 'one-size-fits-all' policymaking, and suggest instead that institutions should have the opportunity to adopt an ethical and 'human-oriented' approach when developing their research incentives and evaluation mechanisms.

"Although" is a frequently used subordinating conjunction in English. However, non-nativeness is often observed in Chinese EFL learners' "although" output during pedagogical practice. This paper aims at exploring the characteristics of Chinese EFL learners' "although" employment in Chinese EFL learners' writing. The study is a corpus-based analysis launched under the analytical framework of contrastive interlanguage analysis. The interlanguage hypothesis lays the theoretical foundation of the present study. Texts from two corpora--the Chinese learner English corpus [CLEC] and the "arts and humanities" disciplinary group of the British academic written English corpus [sub-BAWEC]--are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively with the help of concordance software Antconc 3.2.1 and statistics program PASW Statistics 18. Based on the findings, conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse "although" and produce mono-structural "although" clauses in their writing. Nevertheless, they share similar preference on deciding "although" placement in clauses with native English speakers; and 2) Factors such as interlingual difference between English and Mandarin Chinese, pedagogical neglect in English classrooms and different cognitive styles influence Chinese EFL learners' "although" employment.

The current expansion of English language publishing by scholars from China is supported by national and university policies, including monetary and career incentives to publish in English. These incentives, which extend to work in the humanities and social sciences (HSS, the focus of this paper) as well as the sciences and technologies, are situated in evolving strategies of internationalization. China has moved from an internationalization strategy simply based on learning from the West, to a 'going out' strategy designed to both lift domestic research capacity and advance China's influence in the world. However, the 'going out' strategy nonetheless embodies ambiguities and dilemmas. The world of academic knowledge is not a level playing field but more closely approximates the centre-periphery dynamic described in world systems theory. This study explores the influence of publication incentives in the context of a centre-periphery world. It draws on analysis of 172 institutional incentive documents and interviews with 75 HSS academics, university senior administrators, and journal editors. The study identifies practices within China's HSS that reproduce centre-periphery relationships. By focusing on international publications, Chinese universities run the risk of downplaying Chinese-language publications and adopting standards and norms from global centres to assess domestic knowledge production. These could result in creating knowledge from and about China primarily in Western terms without adding a distinctive Chinese strand to the global conversation. Nonetheless, the study also identifies alternative dynamics that challenge the existing power hierarchies in global HSS, highlighting indigenous knowledge and the need to pluralize global knowledge production.

International collaboration is one of the effective ways to enhance the impact of scientific research papers. In this research, international research collaboration papers published by world-class universities in the field of humanities and social sciences from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research object, and the effective enhancement of the impact of international research collaboration papers was found to not be dependent on expanding the scale of international research collaboration, but rather on selecting researchers with different international backgrounds and from high-level institutions for collaboration. It was also discovered that, in the field of humanities and social sciences, despite a relatively low proportion of international research collaboration papers being led by Chinese scholars, the Chinese research is characterized by a higher impact compared with the research led by non-Chinese scholars. In light of this, a series of proactive measures should be taken by China's world-class universities, such as actively participating in and initiating international collaboration, selecting high-level research collaborators, and attracting scholars from different countries to engage in research collaboration in the field of humanities and social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This paper aims to explore the successful implementation of online postgraduate admissions re-examination in China, specifically focusing on the Modified Objective Structured Examination (MOSE). It introduced the specific practice of the online postgraduate admissions re-examination in China and investigated the perceptions of applicants, postgraduate supervisors and admissions staffs about the online MOSE re-examination., Methods: Surveys were administrated 3 years after the implementation of online MOSE postgraduate admissions re-examination in China. Separate surveys were conducted with applicants, postgraduate supervisors, and admissions staff members to gather their opinions and suggestions regarding the online MOSE re-examination., Results: A total of 65 applicants, 43 postgraduate supervisors and seven admissions staff members completed the surveys. Over 80% of the applicants agreed that the online MOSE comprehensively evaluated their medical humanities, communication, medical knowledge, and overall competence. Furthermore, 89.30% of postgraduate supervisors believed that the students recruited through online MOSE were either "not significantly different," "better," or "much better" compared to those recruited through on-site re-examination. Admissions staff members also expressed a favorable view of online MOSE re-examination., Conclusion: The online MOSE re-examination is an effective, convenient, and affirmative evaluation method for postgraduate admissions re-examination., (© 2023 American Dental Education Association.)

This article examines the evolution of national research policy in China over the past three decades and its recent shift in emphasis from "import" to "import-export" oriented internationalization. Based on a policy review and interviews with three groups of academics--six journal editors in the humanities and social sciences, two directors from top-tier Chinese university Departments of Scientific Research Administration, and six scholars from different disciplines--the article investigates the impact of national research policy and its recent shift towards 'going out' on scholarly publishing in China. The paper reveals Chinese academia's quandary with regard to internationalization and discusses the link with larger debates about uni- and bi-directionality in academic knowledge exchange.

Developing nations including Bangladesh are significantly lagging behind the millennium development target due to the lack of science, technology and engineering education. Bangladesh as a least developing country has only 44 engineers per million people. Its technological education and gross domestic product growth are not collinear. Although limited progress was made in humanities, basic sciences, agriculture and medical sciences, a vast gap is left in technical and engineering education. This paper describes the present condition of engineering education in the country and explores ways to improve engineering education in order to meet the national as well as global skills demand. (Contains 3 tables and 7 figures.)

The development of higher vocational education in China embodies a global trend of vocationalism that values skills and skilled workers, which is opposite, in some ways, to the Confucian tradition in Chinese education that values theoretical knowledge related to good governance. As the cultural trend supporting the development of higher vocational education, vocationalism is implicated in certain challenges including high tuition fees, limited upward mobility, and neglect of the humanities in education. Humanities for moral education, and mechanisms for upward mobility on equal terms for all, which are fundamental elements of Confucianism, may help resolve these challenges. This paper embodies the dialectic of a global trend and local culture in educational reform within the context of globalization.

Within a global trend of the anglicization of academic publishing, in the humanities and social sciences (HSS) publication in indigenous languages, nevertheless, in many contexts, continues to thrive. Given that the overall anglicization of academic publishing tends to be negotiated at the local level, this study seeks to discover how a potentially competing relationship between English and Chinese might be manifested in the context of China. Focused on the praxis of Chinese HSS academics writing for scholarly publication, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 academics across a range of HSS disciplines at an elite research-based university in China. The study sought to find out, firstly, how and to what extent English is used among these participants, and, secondly, what their attitudes are towards the official policy of encouraging more international publication (in English). The findings, based on this limited sample, suggest that Chinese will most likely retain its dominant position as the language of research and publication for Chinese HSS scholars, but that international publication in English will nevertheless increase. The paper concludes by suggesting that, to facilitate visibility of peripheral scholarship on the part of scholars such as the participants in this study, efforts can be made from both the periphery and the center. (Contains 1 table.)

Incentivizing academic publications in internationally-indexed journals is a current topic of national debate especially in non-anglophone countries. To boost the dissemination of Chinese research results, the central government and higher education institutions had introduced various schemes to encourage international publications. However, a significant policy change took place when the Chinese government recently announced a break with SSCI supremacy conventions in research evaluation systems. Based on semi-structured interviews with five university managers and 30 academics in humanities and social sciences in five universities in China, this study examines the responses of both institution managers and individual scholars to the latest national guidelines. A qualitative analysis shows mixed attitudes among both HSS managers and individual academics towards the policy change: supportive but with doubts about the policy practicality as well as concerns about ensuing pressures to be generated by new evaluation systems. The findings suggest the policy change will not significantly affect HSS academics' pursuit of international publishing in a short term. It will, however, lead to some adjustments in the existing institutional evaluation regulations. The findings can contribute to the understanding of HE policy influence on academics as well as its potential implications for the global trend of anglicized academic publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and the dissemination of scholarship are increasingly global enterprises, engaging scholars throughout the world. In what will be a story familiar to many academics in the West, as well as their inherent desire to disseminate and receive recognition for their research, Chinese scholars face pressures from their institutions to publish in highly cited journals. Journals indexed by the Web of Science are by and large published in English. As a result, young Chinese scholars in the Social Sciences and Humanities face significant hurdles, beginning with, but not limited to the need to disseminate their research in a language other than their own. This interview-based study, undertaken at a research-intensive university in China, investigates the experiences of these scholars, looking at both their challenges and the strategies they use to overcome these difficulties. This investigation of the experiences of young scholars in China contributes to our knowledge of the internationalization of scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study has focused on studying Chinese medical history for the past 10 years (2010-2019). There has been no overall introduction to how the study of Chinese medical history has been carried out so far in Korea. To understand the trend for the recent 10 years, understanding of the period before that is needed. This study had classified the study trend of Chinese medical history from the 1950s when the study of Chinese medical history started in full swing until the last 10 years into the following three periods: First period: internal study period on Chinese medical history (the 1950s-1980s) Second period: external study period on Chinese medical history (the 1980s-1990s) Third period: diverse study period on Chinese medical history through integration and communication (2010-2019) There can be an opinion that various studies by each period have not been adequately reflected, and the classification has been excessively simplified. For example, the internal study has been considerably performed in the second period, and the consciousness of conflict between the internal study and external study remains in the third period. Nonetheless, the keywords that connote each period's characteristics for the past 70 years are considered the keywords presented above. The study of Chinese medical history has mainly placed importance on the modern times. Indeed, no change has been present as well. However, the fact that the study on the Chinese pre-modern medical history in Korean academia for the past 10 years has quantitatively grown from just a comparison of the number of papers can be identified. Also, the researchers and study themes have been confirmed to be diversified. In the past, ancient Chinese medicine was understood as a connection between Taoism and medicine. The environmental history researchers dealt with the connection between natural disasters and diseases, and just a few studies in the fields of medicinal herb distribution and the viewpoint of the body were carried out. Meanwhile, studies from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty were carried out based on new data such as the archaeological relics and bamboo and wooden slips in the Korean academia for the past 10 years. Discovering new data is undoubtedly a driving force to activate studies. Studies on the Tang Dynasty Medical System and laws based on 'Chunsungryeong' are significant achievements connecting the Qin Dynasty & Han Dynasty and the Song Dynasty & Yuan Dynasty. Identification of each period's medical system in medical history is the most essential thing, and the combination of environment and medical history is conducted. It is significant to examine medical history from the viewpoint of the academic disciplines' integration. Approaching medical history from the female viewpoint has already started in the U.S., Europe, and Taiwan, and it is nice that such a study has been conducted in Korean academia. There are not many researchers on Chinese medical history in Korean academia. As several researchers have led the study, the study's concentration on specific periods or specific themes cannot be denied. The integration of systematic research achievements from the pre-Qin Dynasty until the Qing Dynasty is still minimal. Specifically, the study on pre-modern medical history targets a more extensive period than the study on modern medical history; therefore, researchers' density is low. This is why the possibility of intersection is not high in the period, region, and theme between researchers. This can be the source of an evaluation that study on medical history chain is sparse. It is wistful that the study continuity or systematic research is lacking. To overcome such a limitation, existing researchers need to conduct collaborative joint planning and research centered on particular themes through cooperation. They need to complement the study's sparse part in medical history through multidisciplinary co-research. Beyond the research centered on country study history, attempts to understand history as global history are being carried out. Studies on the exchange and interrelations between Western medicine and Chinese medicine have been performed in Chinese medical history. Nonetheless, studies on the exchange and interrelations of medical knowledge, medical systems, medicinal herbs, medical books, medical workforce, and diseases (epidemics) from global history are insufficient. Studies on a medical history that started from Chinese science and technology development history in the 1950s are developing to discuss one theme diversely. Plenty of studies on Chinese medical history need to be performed in various fields, including environmental history, the history of women, archeology, humanities, humanities therapy, integrated medical humanities, medical literature, medical theory, and medical system, which are the traditional fields.

In recent years, China has been attempting to raise its international profile in the domain of academic research. However, in the humanities and social sciences, this process has been hindered by the inadequate English academic writing skills of Chinese scholars, as well as by cultural differences between China and the West as regards ideological preference, aesthetic taste and reading habits. In order to overcome these problems and promote China’s cultural influence in the world, a special fund has been set up to support translations of Chinese humanities and social science research, known as the ‘Chinese [Translation] Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences’. Based on data derived from funded translation projects that ran from 2010 to 2015, this paper examines whether there have been discrepancies between the goals and outcomes of the fund, and investigates to what extent the translation of academic works may encounter ideological divergences between China and the West, and how this might affect the reception of translated Chinese works. Finally, the paper discusses any potential problems of exporting Chinese academic output globally as part of a political agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The history of Communism is effectively taught by the extensive use of new audiovisual and interdisciplinary tools. Inclusion of material from many disciplines besides history is necessary if the complicated and highly emotional political issues are to be handled in a thoughtful, objective presentation. (MLW)

Since its inception in 1978, the China National College Entrance Exam has consisted of two different exams: the humanities exam and the science exam. In September 2014, the State Council decided to abolish the two-exam system in 2017 to adopt a single-exam system. This paper studies if and how abolishing the two-exam system would affect both humanities and science students in terms of their probabilities of being qualified for the first-tier university pool and ultimately being admitted to their respective first choice, first-tier universities. Based on micro-level student data from an anonymous province from 2004 to 2007, we find that adopting a one-exam system is likely to significantly help the humanities students in their probability of being admitted to their first choice institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impacts of research excellence evaluation entailed in global ranking exercises, a control strategy characteristic of new managerialism, on Chinese Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) academics. The enquiry combines the Critical Incidents Technique (CIT) and internet-based discourse analysis, drawing on mass media texts and social media discussions. Our analysis identified three major dilemmas that may be created for Chinese HSS academics by their country's aspirations for world-class universities embedded in its complicated socio-political context. First, a highly centralised system restrains academics' autonomy to decide what to research and where to publish. Second, they are conflicted by the need to simultaneously attend to nationalistic interests and publish internationally. Third, ideological correctness is highly important. These findings invite us to reflect on the profound impact of university ranking exercises as a mode of university governance on HSS academics in many contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The helping professions in contemporary Chinese societies are becoming increasingly specialized and compartmentalized, such that the meaning of"professional" has come to refer to a person who has succeeded in learning more and more about less and less. In comparison with the traditional Chinese view of health and wellbeing, such an approach is seriously lacking in sensitivity and cultural depth. It is equally apparent that the humanities and social sciences are becoming increasingly isolated and superfluous due to their general lack of interest in facing the fundamental issues of human suffering. This paper describes the clinical humanities--a discipline which lies at the junction of medicine, psychotherapy, and the humanities--with a particular emphasis on how it can serve to increase the depth and breadth of our understanding of suffering and healing. We use "clinical" in the sense of"arriving at the site of suffering." As such, the clinical humanities is a way of applying the insights of both the humanities and social sciences--including such seemingly unrelated fields as the fine arts, philosophy, literature, history, anthropology, psychology, and religious studies--to the understanding and alleviation of suffering. In as much as the "site of suffering" is characterized by the flow and transformation of energy, the clinical humanities serves as a catalyst of healing energy. The main idea is to use the approaches of the humanities and social sciences to understand the abundant information which exists at the site of suffering to create a dynamic field of energy which has the capacity to bring about healing and transformation. In this paper we also present the development and scope of cultural counseling, a concrete and practical application of the clinical humanities. We also investigate how the humanities and psychology can be restored to their roots and become more relevant to the human predicament. Taking the life-world as the proper site of counseling, we explore the forms of healing which take place there. Moreover, we present an approach to cultural counseling designed to help expand the field of vision and application of the humanities and social sciences. Our purpose is to establish an indigenous clinical psychology on a foundation quite different from that of positivist science. In doing so, we make a preliminary sketch of indigenous psychology and cultural healing, at the same time unfolding the diverse possibilities entailed by the indigenization of psychological counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health policies have played significant roles in attaining good achievements in population health improvement. This paper chronologically reviews and analyzes health-related parliamentary actions and law enactments in Canada. It indicates that the salient feature of the Canadian health system is that it is publicly financed with a single-payer, but privately run. The Canadian health system is based upon five founding principles: care must be universal (covering everyone), portable (among all provinces) , comprehensive (covering all medically necessary services), accessible (without barriers to access like user fees), and publicly administered (by the government). This paper pays special attention to what and how China can learn from Canada and what should be avoided against failures of Canadian healdi system, and how it might provide a new. health policy base for China's current health reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we shall explore academic writing in the framework of academic literacy development among Hong Kong university ESL learners of language and education programs. We shall also discuss discipline-specific academic writing in terms of the continuum comprising academic writing in science, social science and humanities and the implications for developing academic writing skills of Hong Kong ESL learners. In particular, we shall discuss in detail a number of issues regarding academic writing in the disciplines of language and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the implications for scholarly research of the military action taken by the Chinese government during the recent student protests. Points out practical problems as well as moral issues concerning the resumption of normal scholarly activities in China. Explains the possible effects of China becoming a more closed society. (KO)

Doctors in China have been wounded or even killed in frequent violence as conflict between doctors and patients has intensified. China has had a massive dearth of medical students over the past decade and doctors are dissatisfied with conditions in their profession. Conditions in medicine are not conducive to medical reform. This paper notes that the main factors affecting the doctor-patient relationship are a lack of humanity in medicine, the predominance of techniques and technologies, and inappropriate administration of hospitals. These factors are related to a lack of medical humanities. This paper describes several steps to make medicine more humane and to help establish a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, including improved humanities education for doctors and medical students, ending the predominance of techniques and technologies, bringing back "humanity" in medicine, and improving the administration of hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A devotion to music in Chinese classical texts is worth noticing. Early Chinese thinkers saw music as a significant part of human experience and a core practice for philosophy. While Confucian endorsement of ritual and music has been discussed in the field, Daoist understanding of music was hardly explored. This paper will make a careful reading of the Xiánchí ... music story in the Zhuangzi, one of themost interesting, but least noticed texts, and reconstruct a Zhuangzian perspective from it. While sounds had been regarded as mere building blocks of music and thus depreciated in the hierarchical understanding of music in the mainstream discourse of early China, sound is the alpha and omega of music in the Zhuangzian perspective. All kinds of sounds, both human and natural, are invited into musical discourse. Sound is regarded as the real source of our being moved by music, and therefore, musical consummation is depicted as embodiment through sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional differences in the character of urbanization in China are substantial. The promotion of what has been termed “new-type urbanization” cannot, as a result of these regional differences, be expected to follow a universal approach—rather, such a development must objectively adhere to locational and category-specific principles and adopt differentiated urbanization development models. Regional categorization is often used in geography, but is rarely deployed in research addressing human and social problems relating to urbanization. In March 2014, China published the National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014–2020), which calls for the scientific and reasonable planning of “new-type urbanization,” and appropriate regional categorizations are urgently needed in order to guide this reform. Responding to this challenge, this research engaged in the design of a “dominantly quantitative analysis, qualitatively supplemented” method in order to divide China into 5 main regions and 47 sub-regions in terms of new-type urbanization. The paper discusses the features and key problems of each region. This study introduces a new method for regional categorization, thereby remedying the lack of regional categorization in relation to “new-type urbanization” in China, and ultimately promoting the development of regional categorization in the humanities as a valuable reference for healthy and sustainable Chinese urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on research into building a cyberinfrastructure for Chinese biographical and geographic data. Our cyberinfrastructure contains (i) the McGill-Harvard-Yenching Library Ming Qing Women's Writings database (MQWW), the only online database on historical Chinese women's writings, (ii) the China Biographical Database, the authority for Chinese historical people, and (iii) the China Historical Geographical Information System, one of the first historical geographic information systems. Key to this integration is that linked databases retain separate identities as bases of knowledge, while they possess sufficient semantic interoperability to allow for multidatabase concepts and to support cross-database queries on an ad hoc basis. Computational ontologies create underlying semantics for database access. This paper focuses on the spatial component in a humanities cyberinfrastructure, which includes issues of conflicting data, heterogeneous data models, disambiguation, and geographic scale. First, we describe the methodology for integrating the databases. Then we detail the system architecture, which includes a tier of ontologies and schema. We describe the user interface and applications that allow for cross-database queries. For instance, users should be able to analyze the data, examine hypotheses on spatial and temporal relationships, and generate historical maps with datasets from MQWW for research, teaching, and publication on Chinese women writers, their familial relations, publishing venues, and the literary and social communities. Last, we discuss the social side of cyberinfrastructure development, as people are considered to be as critical as the technical components for its success.

Inspired by Phil Benson's study on the relations between ethnocentrism and the China-related entries in the OED2, this paper attempts to further examine how the image of China, a so-called "peripheral object of Western knowledge," has been (mis-) constructed in 'the dictionary, particularly its latest 2009 CD-ROM version, into which many laudable updates, including corrections and supplements, have been meticulously incorporated. It argues that (1) although British imperialism was a closed chapter, its vestiges can still be spotted in the dictionary text, not only in the quotations, which preserve historical information rather than reflect the editors' opinions, but also in the definitions and notes, which betray primarily the thoughts of these editors, (2) to an average user, the OED, with its legendary philological authority, is very likely to project "historical objectivity" into some problematic contents and thus misleads an innocent and uninformed mind, and (3) if ethnocentrism is an unavoidable component in the OED1 and OED2, then the editorial team of the OEDS in the making would do well to introduce into their work an element of "entholocalism," by which is meant the ideological neutrality as well as the. technical accuracy of encyclopedic information about such important peripheral objects as China, the most populous country and a fast growing economy, in the world in which the English language against the backdrop of globalization has firmly established itself as the international lingua franca without rival. So long as it is intended to remain a historical dictionary true to its name, the OED ought to push forward, in the form of hew editions, with the times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the precarious future of humanist values was anticipated by leading Western intellectuals well before the turn of the century, the concern of Chinese intellectuals about the vulnerability of the "spirit of humanism" (renwen jingshen) was only highlighted in the literary magazine "Dushu", some twenty years after Deng Xiaoping's programmatic vision of China's role in the 'brave new world' of global market economy. The initial concern with regard to the morality of the unrestrained surge of consumerism, "commodity fetishism" and the overt political promotion of a free market ideology, that is, Western capitalism, climaxed between 1992-1994 in an open discussion in which the collective purpose the intellectual as social critic in the public arena was forcefully articulated. Regrettably, the hopes pinned on globalisation in this matter, in the East and the West, have not been realized. On the contrary, the future of the humanities and the humanistic consciousness of intellectuals is more bleak and uncertain than ever before. This paper attempts to elucidate and explore both, the commitment and the failure of the Chinese intelligentsia (literati) in defense of humanistic values in a market-driven consumer-society, or what Noam Chomsky refers to as the "responsibilities of intellectuals". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempting to engage with both the post-socialist landscape in contemporary China and the new cinematic transformation in the humanities, this paper will explore Zhang Yimou's Curse of the Golden Flower as a case to weave an interdisciplinary paradigm in terms of aesthetic representation, cinematic history, and social ideology. First, I will reveal the trope of the aesthetics of fascism from a triad of factors: the pursuit of perfection in forms, the appropriation of technology as social organs, and the monstrous sexuality in Curse. Second, this excessive, morbid aesthetical pursuit in post-socialist China creates an "uncanny" atmosphere that resembles German Expressionist aesthetics back to the 1920s. Thus this historical valence constitutes my second part in which Zhang's experiment resides not only in the expressionistic aura, but in his dreaming of founding and eulogizing an empire. Finally, I suggest that the familiar aspect of the uncanny manifests its force in memory, the collective memory that carries the burden of trauma which haunts Zhang Yimou, among other Chinese directors, who has experienced various political upheavals but gradually chosen to revisit it in a rather inhuman way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins with an appreciation and critique of the remarkable work of Peter Sloterdijk which makes it possible to open up a number of issues concerning philosophy and its relation to the social sciences and humanities, most particularly concerning the role of evidence and the pervasiveness of Eurocentrism. In particular, the paper argues that it is possible to think of different ways of raising the spectre of space which are as plausible as the account provided by Sloterdijk's spatial philosophy/philosophy of space. Navigating by the compass of classical Chinese civilisation, I proceed to sketch out a different diagnosis from that of Sloterdijk of how space is being materialised in contemporary Euro-American cultures. Drawing on logographic traditions of writing the world, I argue that, rather than describing what is now being produced by capitalism and other actors as a warehoused world full of lost souls, it is possible to think of different means of describing how the future is being scripted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the turn of the century, political philosophy became one of the most lively areas of philosophical study in China. An important trend of development is represented by the shift from macro-political philosophy to micro-political philosophy. A careful analysis of this trend is the object of this paper. It shows how, in the Chinese context, micro-political philosophy, micro-history, critique of everyday life, and other theories much debated in the West, are relatively new. As such, a solid foundation for micro-political philosophy must be found within the theoretical resources established in the 20th century western culture, then integrated to the Chinese context and absorbed by this latter to get inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data collected according to my own definition of translated children's literature, this paper conducts an extra-textual descriptive study of the translated children's literature in China during the period 1898-1919. The investigation is undertaken in four sections, as follows: scale, contents of the translation, places involved in translational act and practical choices of translation. It is hoped that the study will achieve a better understanding of translated children's literature during the above-mentioned period, and ultimately lay a good foundation for further research. Explanations of practical translational choices are also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pixel-Bit, Revista de Medios y Educacion is the property of Pixel-Bit, Revista de Medios y Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the influence of historian and scientist Thomas S. Kuhn's book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" on the philosophy and history of science, the humanities and social sciences in mainland China. Kuhn's ideas were introduced in the country with the publication of a translation of a 1964 review of the book in 1965. His theory of scientific revolution is said to complement the Chinese view of scientific and technological revolution.

The article discusses the socioeconomic development of China in the next 10 years which will depend on the capabilities of futurist school of scholars. It notes that the function and importance of academic assistanship will be realized by the goal of advancing in a total social science and humanities campaign. It states that the discovery of academic opportunities for collaboration will be enhanced by research capacities and the development of the ability to organize. It mentions that an administrative system based on behavioral pattern of command-obedience will improve the role of academic assistants for research team progress.

We identified and analysed the 147 journals offering open access (OA) among the 2960 scholarly journals indexed by the Chinese National Knowledge Information (CNKI) database in the humanities and social sciences. Data were analysed concerning each journal’s organizer, discipline, publishing cycle, areas, regions or provinces covered, and first date that content was offered free of charge, together with the journal’s website construction, the way full text was accessed, and the time delay in publication. On the basis of the survey results, we identify key challenges and problems associated with OA journals in the humanities and social sciences in China, and we outline development strategies to address these issues, including actively promoting the transition of scholarly journals from print form to OA, speeding up network construction of OA journals, and enhancing the functionality of the OA journals’ websites. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the discussion on annual "Top Ten Developments in Studies on Chinese Humanities." Topics include exploring the seeds of national culture, revealing the origin and development of Chinese civilization, and justifying the prosperity and longevity of Chinese cultural traditions; and founding of the People's Republic of China, the disciplines of literature, history, and philosophy reflecting on history and envisioning the future.

Since the 2000s, China has been fast establishing English-language academic journals to further internationalize research. This article delineates a national scenario of such journals in the humanities and social sciences (HSS) and explores their efforts and predicaments in bringing China's HSS research to the world. Based on first-hand data collected empirically through interviews and documents, it shows that HSS English-language journals in China attempt to challenge yet are conditioned at the same time by the imbalanced international knowledge structure. While still at a preliminary stage of development in terms of quantity and quality, the journals have already been confronted with major challenges including English language hurdles, unfavorable position in research evaluation systems, unfamiliarity with standards of international academic writing and publishing, and tensions between international ambition and local commitment. This article argues that HSS journals in non-Western societies including China need to strike a balance between their contemporary bid for international visibility and long-term contribution to multiple perspectives in global HSS research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay first describes the Chinese intellectual condition in the age of globalization and the necessity of liberal arts or humanities education, and then deals with the function of humanities education in China’s institutions of higher learning with Tsinghua University as the particular case. Since current Chinese universities are divided into three types: (1) research universities; (2) teaching-research universities; and (3) teaching-oriented universities, liberal arts education always plays an important part in students’ comprehensive schooling although in most of the research universities priority is given to science and technology. As China has a long tradition of humanities education, even long before the establishment of those Western type universities, offering humanities education to all the university students as a major educational task has never changed. Even during the Cultural Revolution when all the universities stopped teaching and research work, students and faculty members were still educated with Mao’s instructions. Along with the rapid development of Chinese economy, traditional humanities are suffering more or less. But the author argues that no matter how rapidly the Chinese economy has been developing and how well Chinese people are pursuing the so-called Chinese Dream, it is necessary to pay attention to the humanities and to offer humanities education to young students. The author also offers his reconstruction of Neo-Confucianism as an alternative discourse to various postmodern discourses in the new framework of global culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Asian development model ascribes an interventionist role to a state which uses regulations to govern the market in the early stages of development. Many scholars have ascribed this role to the Chinese state in the post-planning era. However, a major difference between China and other East Asian economies is the massive size of China's population. In Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, the role of the state governing labor markets and labor transfers from rural to urban areas has not been considered central to their development model. In China, the size of its rural population has led the Chinese state to take a more proactive approach to governing the labor market and the urbanization process by using the hukou system to institutionalize a temporary laboring class, to guide urbanization to low population density areas and to create competitive residency schemes in desirable urban areas. Such a developmental function differs considerably to the role of the state during the early development of East Asian economies and presents an additional barrier to the realization of a mature market economy and modern polity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of inheritance and enthusiasm of young scholars to rebuild the philosophy of literature in China. It notes that the decline of a questioning mind can result from the contemporary crisis of losing pragmatic quality in the multiplication of theories in social sciences. It states that a proper theoretical paradigm for cultural poetics can be provided by neo-rationalism in humanities and the synthesis of classical theory. It mentions that a prediction in the post-theory era might be inappropriate for scholarly criticism.