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In this research, I examined the role of socioeconomic variations in the prevalence of stunting and underweight among children in Ethiopia. The study aimed to identify key health factors contributing to these disparities in child malnutrition by utilizing concentration indices, concentration curves, and regression-based decomposition analysis. Despite a notable decline in the average rates of stunting and underweight prevalence, the relative and absolute gaps between different demographic and socioeconomic groups have widened in Ethiopia. The empirical analysis revealed that higher levels of maternal education and household wealth significantly benefited children from better socioeconomic backgrounds, making them less likely to experience malnutrition. The disparity in socioeconomic status is the primary driver of inequalities in child malnutrition. The findings suggest that to reduce these disparities, national health policies should focus on promoting maternal literacy and targeting interventions for underprivileged groups. Key messages: Children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and mothers' educational levels were less likely to suffer from malnutrition. The disparity in socioeconomic positions is the major cause behind child malnutrition inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the potential impact of the increased investment in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Canada. With a multi-billion-dollar investment committed to making high-quality care accessible, affordable, flexible, and inclusive for all Canadians, this initiative is set to reshape the landscape of child care in Canada. Although increased access to ECEC is important, it is not sufficient on its own. Quality must be the cornerstone, with particular attention given to the needs of low-income families. Strategic incentives for providers and financial support for educators are practical steps that can significantly elevate the effectiveness and reach of ECEC services. The goal is not just more ECEC but better ECEC for all. The article draws on a range of research studies and policy documents to explore the potential benefits and challenges of this ambitious project and to offer recommendations for how stakeholders can work together to ensure its success. Note from the editors: The first volume of Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques was published in 1975, making this the 50th volume. To commemorate, we have organized a series of lectures which are published in this special issue. Professor Dhuey gave this lecture at the meetings of the Canadian Economics Association in Winnipeg in June 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government policies to encourage homeownership rates for low-income communities (MBR) are implemented through the Housing Finance Liquidity Facility (FLPP) program, executed since 2010. However, more than half of the built subsidized homes need to meet the minimum construction standards and infrastructure requirements that can impact the health quality of their occupants. This study aims to investigate the impact of government support for purchasing subsidized housing from Indonesia's FLPP program on district/city-level public health. The results of this study indicated that the FLPP program affects home occupancy rates and the FLPP program also has a negative relationship with community morbidity levels in the MBR group. As well, state intervention in the housing sector with the FLPP subsidized housing program can demonstrably improve the quality of public health. This study recommends that the government maintain the FLPP program because, apart from increasing occupancy, it indirectly impacts health quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reporting from the Front was the title of the 15th Venice Biennale in Architecture (2016) curated by the Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena. While we will scientifically evaluate these lessons in the coming months, it already becomes clear that a truly sustainable and replicable EWS against landslides will have to have a safe-to-fail mode that still offers basic functions should technology collapse, political support end or finances dry up. One resident volunteer started on his own initiative to go from house to house and explain landslide threat and the EWS test installation via posters that we had left on our last visit. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a response to a letter regarding the article "Health Poverty Alleviation Project in Rural China: Impact on Poverty Vulnerability, Health Status, Healthcare Utilization, Health Expenditures." The authors express gratitude for the readers' interest and comments on their research. They defend the robustness and rigor of their findings, highlighting the use of valid estimation methods and reliable assessment methodologies. The authors clarify the target group of the policy and emphasize the focus of their study on evaluating the effectiveness of the government's implementation of the project. They also discuss the distinction between ex ante and ex post moral hazard and suggest future research directions for health policy evaluation. The study was supported by grants from the National Social Science Fund of China. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

For the state formation literature, increasing the burden on elites is a means used to reinforce the state administratively and militarily, not state capacity itself. The linkages between business and government authorities, such as "consultation forums, collaboration mechanisms, and the inclusion of corporate leaders or their representatives into government positions" (49), determine whether the elite tax can be successfully enacted. In that sense, elite taxation is a state-building phenomenon insofar as it boosts state elites' ability to penetrate society. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the ways in which the urban poor in Argentina help one another in the arduous task of making ends meet when neither the formal labor market nor state welfare policies are able to secure their subsistence. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, the article makes one substantive, one analytic, and one theoretical claim. Substantively, the article argues by way of empirical illustration that the urban poor are hardworking bricoleurs. Analytically, the article demonstrates the advantages of studying poor people's strategies in a simultaneously historic and ethnographic fashion through joint collaborative fieldwork. Theoretically, the article pushes toward replacing the notions of 'strategy of survival or subsistence' with the more encompassing notion of 'strategy of persistence'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of climate disasters has spurred increased interest in public policies that help expand the number of households with disaster insurance, particularly for financially vulnerable populations. In recent years, local governments, concerned with their community's resilience to climate disasters, have started to consider insurance programs as part of their adaptation strategies. However, we do not yet have a robust body of research that shows if, and how, expanded insurance take-up among households affects community-wide recovery after a climate disaster. Filling this disaster insurance research gap will better equip public sector leaders to assess if investments in insurance programs can further community resilience goals and when disaster insurance is an appropriate climate adaptation tool. In this article, we assess the state of empirical evidence through existing frameworks of community recovery and put forward an agenda for future research that is attuned to local policy needs. Key policy insights: There is increasing interest by policymakers in expanding the number of households with disaster insurance to provide financial protection in the face of increasing climate risks, but little evidence exists on how household-level insurance affects community-level resilience outcomes. Expanded research on this topic could support local decision-makers in designing effective and efficient policies to support community recovery from climate extremes. Future research should focus on testing more holistic disaster recovery measures and downscaling global and national research to the local scale. Emerging pilot insurance programs and experimental policies offer novel opportunities to study impacts at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B I The Social Emergency Law recognizes popular economy workers as workers. These "workers in the popular economy" are becoming an increasingly important group in terms of size alongside the prevailing two sectors of employed workers: registered formal employees and unregistered, informal workers (or "undeclared employment"). While this is not unique to popular economy workers, it is important to point out that they are not waged workers, making them powerless to modify this situation in the absence of an employer and a collective bargaining process to guarantee an increase in their income. Keywords: popular economy; labor market; universal basic wage; poverty; social security EN popular economy labor market universal basic wage poverty social security 64 72 9 06/07/23 20230501 NES 230501 Graph: Annual march by popular economy organizations in Argentina, on August 7, the day of San Cayetano, patron of bread and work, demanding "Peace, Bread, Land, Roof, and Work."Movimiento de Trabajadores Excluidos, facebook.com/mteargentina Latin America is a region where high levels of inequality exist in many countries. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on how financial and career incentives provided to police departments by local governments maintain racism, classism, and mass incarceration. Topics discussed include the use of policing to off-set budget shortfalls, financial incentives for revenue generation, and the historical context of racist and classist policing.

Holleran writes that YIMBYs "borrow much from anti-gentrification housing movements, but they view their constituents as middle-class market rate renters; and they advocate for all new development, not just affordable housing for low-income people, a concept they call "build more of everything" (p. 6). While only a few explicitly oppose non-profit housing, the aim of the YIMBY game is to increase housing supply by lubricating the development process for the private sector. For this Holleran credits YIMBYs with "promoting a new framing within the housing debate: concentrating on supply-side mechanisms, working with (not against) developers, and emphasizing the rights of middle-class newcomers to wealthy cities" (p. 161). [Extracted from the article]

The main objective of this study is to clarify the impact of valueadded tax (VAT) on the attitudes of low-income people in Oman by assessing their awareness of tax, changing their purchasing power, and changing their lifestyles. The study adopted a theoretical framework that consists of three variables: attitude, value-added tax, and purchasing power and lifestyle. The main question revolves around: what is the impact of VAT on the attitudes of low-income people in Oman? To answer the question, the study used a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods; a survey was distributed to a sample of respondents, in which 200 questionnaires were returned, and several interviews has carried out in the Governorate of A’Sharqiyah. The results showed that the introduction of VAT did not necessarily lead to more inequality or an increase in welfare equality for low-income groups. The purpose of government policy should improve the well-being of the least well-off rather than drive them deeper into poverty. An important recommendation is that governments should design their tax and transfer systems in such a way that the incomes of the poor are no lower than before fiscal intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

McRobbie singles out an epicenter of the contemporary anti-trans movement, I mumsnet.com i , as the media outlet/platform that "most precisely embodies" (21) the discourse of professionalized motherhood, but unfortunately she doesn't consider the relationship between this discourse and the recent explosion of trans-exclusionary feminism for which I mumsnet i is significantly responsible. Also, especially given the concentration of trans-exclusionary feminism in the UK, McRobbie's analysis would have been stronger and more useful if it had considered how the neoliberal feminisms she studies in the book take cis women as their ideal subject. McRobbie's book is a valuable contribution to the growing scholarly literature on gender, feminism, and neoliberalism. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the effects of government expenditures, regional GDP, regional minimum wages, employment rate, and poverty severity on income inequality by applying the system Generalized Method of Moments panel model to overcome the dynamic endogeneity problem from 2007 to 2020. The results show that government expenditure and an increase in the regional minimum wage for low-wage workers can reduce income inequality in both the short run and long run. Furthermore, high regional GDP and high levels of employment rate for workers with low skills can exacerbate the level of income inequality in the long run. However, reducing the severity of poverty has no effect on reducing inequality. This study provides policy recommendations to the government to improve basic public services and make various training skill programs, including ICT, in order to increase creativity and job opportunities for low-income people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the nuances of the experiences of waiting for state-issued documents and state welfare. Waiting as an everyday experience forms an important aspect of the relationship between socio-economically marginalised groups and the state institutions. In order to examine this relationship, this paper draws upon eight interviews, conducted during December 2017 to February 2018 and in January 2019, among pheriwale. Pheriwale are self-employed traders, in Delhi, India, who collect huge amounts of second-hand/used-clothes and sell them forward to make a living. They largely work in highly precarious informal work environments, lack social security and depend on irregular income. However, as residents of India, they are also regulated through various state measures such as being registered within the national biometric database, as bank account holders and as recipients of public welfare provisions. By focusing on the experiences of pheriwale, findings show that waiting is shaped through intersecting hierarchies of gender, class and caste in the context of India. This article elucidates that a conceptualisation of waiting cannot overlook how the act of waiting for state-issued documents is tied into politics of recognition and redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Washington, D.C.; black activism; urban politics; gentrification; gender EN Washington, D.C. black activism urban politics gentrification gender 1179 1186 8 08/10/22 20220901 NES 220901 Summers, Brandi Thompson (2019). According to the National Community Reinvestment Coalition, the District of Columbia led the country in both the percentage of gentrified census tracts and levels of black displacement between 2000 and 2012.[2] Even as the city's population has grown by nearly 25% since 2000, a net exodus of nearly 25,000 black residents left Washington during these same years.[3] Recognizing that the drivers of demographic change are complex, many of these former residents undoubtedly found themselves caught in the crosshairs of rising rents, low-wage work, underfunded social services, and an increasingly inhospitable cultural climate. The quest for home rule - and perhaps more critically the wave of urban rebellions across the nation - convinced President Lyndon Johnson to push a D.C. government reorganization plan through Congress ending the three-member Board of Commissioners system in place since the demise of Reconstruction. [Extracted from the article]

In this article, the pervasiveness of coloniality in Southern childhoods' policyscapes is mapped. By analyzing Chilean child nutrition policies, this article illustrates how coloniality fabricates children's ontological "weirdness" to naturalize racial optimization through compulsory abledment. The "weird" Southern child is theorized as the preferred policy subject of an ableist assemblage that racializes disadvantaged children as biologically unfit for civilized life. Finally, this article argues that Childhood Studies must be decolonized by decentering models of childhood where coloniality remains deeply entrenched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses articles within the issue on topics including societal changes in the labor market and family patterns that affect low-income families, association of low-wage work with aspects of parenting and children as key component for facilitating employment stability.

This method allows estimation of the impacts of a referral on a felony arrest to a diversion program on case outcomes and subsequent contact with the justice system. The authors find that a felony referral to a diversion program substantially increases case length, measured as days between case arraignment and disposition, by close to one year. The City and County of San Francisco operates a network of diversion programs whereby referred individuals may have their criminal cases adjudicated outside of the formal criminal justice system. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To help inform the debate over whether socio-demographic characteristics are related to the use of digital technologies, the authors investigated the effects of age, gender, education, income and being in the workforce on changes in using financial digital services using panel data collected in the MENA countries during 2017. Design/methodology/approach: This study aims to identify the impact of government policy on the determinants of financial inclusion and digital payment services in the MENA region. The authors use microdata from the 2017 Global Findex database on MENA countries to perform probit estimations. The paper focuses on the role of technology adoption by government authorities in extending financial inclusion and digital payment around different people. Findings: The authors find that poorer people (and, by association, less educated people) and the young (but less so the elderly) are disproportionately excluded from the financial system. Results confirm that better collaboration between the government and the financial sector can help to develop digital financial inclusion through the technology adoption channels. The study confirms the significant impact of the government cashless policy in advancing financial inclusion in the MENA countries, with potentially wider applicability to other developed economies. Practical implications: Policies to advance mobile money innovations could stimulate financial inclusion by promoting digital transaction services. The role of government authorities is imperative to harness the beneficial and sustainable gains from digitizing remittances and transfers to promote a cashless economy. Originality/value: Financial inclusion promotes equality through a broadening of the system and government cashless policy can be a major catalyst for greater financial inclusion. It helps in the overall economic development of the underprivileged population and contributes to poverty reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bharati Arora's book I Writing Gender, Writing Nation i formulates a conscientious thesis that problematises the very principles and values on the basis of which the new nation-state of India was found. I Writing Gender, Writing Nation i foregrounds the special role played by laws in the newly constituted state of India by setting the tone of resurrected gendered relations and the roles of the marginalised in this new arrangement. Writing gender, writing nation: women's fiction in post-independence India: by Bharti Arora, New York, Routledge, 2019, x+232 pp., £38.99 (paperback), ISBN 97 8 036 728 052 9. [Extracted from the article]

Occupying schools, occupying land. As Tarlau shows, MST activists struggled bravely to get Pronera established and institutionalized in the federal budget. The first part offers a historical analysis of the MST's experience of constructing a national education programme, from the first makeshift land occupation encampment schools to Pronera and the national I Educação do Campo i initiative. [Extracted from the article]

Ellis quotes the influential advocate for Progressive policies, Sidney Webb, praising the Council for employing an interpreter to enable communication with any patients who could not speak English. Ellis also shows that the Council made itself aware (through impressive transnational networks) of international tendencies in asylum design toward the so-called villa asylum, but instead chose to persist with outmoded corridor-system designs in order to control budgets. Ellis shows how the Municipal Reform council drove forward this practice, riding on the new tide of anti-foreigner sentiment to reduce the burden on the ratepayers and to avoid having to build another asylum. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores how relational approaches to well‐being could support young children's educational achievement in high‐poverty contexts. It draws on findings from a qualitative study involving mothers and early years educators living and/or working in a city characterised as one of the most disadvantaged in England. The findings suggest that children's well‐being, rather than being merely an individual characteristic or aspiration, is interdependent with their social and material environments, as are the institutions that support them. The paper concludes by calling for a recalibration of early childhood policies away from assessing individual children's 'school readiness' to encouraging society's readiness to support everyone's well‐being, and consequently that of young children too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a corrective to the dominant celebratory narrative about the conditional cash transfer programme in the Philippines, the Pantawid, and its associated social registry, the Listahanan. Based on extensive documentary analysis and fieldwork in the Philippines in 2017 and 2018, we argue that the targeting system has in fact been unable to function according to its primary purpose of identifying the poor and providing them social protection, despite being celebrated precisely for this purpose. This has been partly – but not only – due to the increasingly obsolescent data of the registry, which the political system has been incapable of correcting, leading to stasis at a fairly low level of coverage, at a peak of about 19 percent of national households in 2014 and since subsiding to about 17 percent by 2020, with transfer amounts at a fraction of the food poverty line. This dysfunction has resulted in a quasi-permanent group of cash payment recipients, with little or no reflection of evolving poverty profiles. This revised reading of the Pantawid and Listahanan, in what might be considered as a strong case to examine social protection performance, brings us back to the perennial problems associated with poverty targeting in even best-case social protection programmes promoted by international donors and organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]