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Melamine-impregnated paper decorated medium-density fiberboard (MIPMDF) is the main board used for wooden furniture materials in China, and the formaldehyde released from the board and furniture products is harmful to human beings and is a wide concern. This paper aimed to pay attention to the formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and its furniture products. This study utilized a 1 m³climatic chamber to measure the formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and nightstand made of MIP-MDF in relation to the time and load factors. According to the results, in the 2 to 24 h stage, the emission of formaldehyde in the nightstand made of MIPMDF materials changed significantly, and the overall trend showed a changing trend of first increasing and then declining. The formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF stabilized after 40 h, while the formaldehyde emission of the nightstand stabilized after 60 h. As time passed, the formaldehyde emission changes of MIP-MDF and nightstand were almost the same. The formaldehyde emission of MIP-MDF and nightstand has a specific positive correlation with the carrying load. With increased carrying loads, the formaldehyde emission tends to increase, but the degree of influence gradually decreases with the addition of the carrying loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, people's acceptance of online shopping has increased markedly with the gradual maturing of e-commerce. The furniture industry in China, along with many other countries, is paying increased attention to the online retail business. The furniture online consumption experience has attracted attention both in academic and industrial fields. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review of the furniture online consumption with an aim to extend the concept of consumer experience to the context of online furniture consumption. The paper offers three important contributions for both academics and practitioners. First, it analyzes the main influencing factors of the consumer experience concerning wood furniture online consumption in China. And secondly, it proposes a conceptual framework of furniture online consumer experience (FOCE), which divides online consumption experience into three dimensions: perceived risk experience, emotional experience, and new technology interactive experience. Finally, from a managerial perspective, the authors put forward constructive strategies in terms of furniture online sales. The findings of this study afford practical implications for the improvement of the online shopping experience of consumers for furniture companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The species profile of VOCs from abundant sources were presented. • The potential tracers of VOCs in different sources were identified. • Abundant α-pinene were found in solid wood furniture manufacturing. • T/X ratio can distinguish painting (<2) from printing (>2) sources. A survey was conducted of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from sources of solvent use, industry activities and vehicle emissions in Guiyang, a capital city of China. Samples were collected by canisters and analyzed by GC-MS-FID. The species profiles of VOCs emitted from sources were obtained. Results showed that xylenes, ethylbenzene, acetone and dichloromethane were the characteristics species for painting, 2-propanol and ethyl acetate for printing, α-pinene for solid wood furniture manufacturing, and 2-butanone for biscuit baking. These characteristics species could be as tracers for the sources respectively. In most of samples from the solvent use, the benzene/toluene (B/T) ratio was less than 0.3, indicating that the ratio could be as the indicator for tracing the solvent use related sources. The results also suggested that the toluene/xylene (T/X) ratio be as the indicator to distinguish the VOCs sources of painting (<2) from the printing (>2). Aromatics contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP) of most painting and non-paper printing sources, and oxygen-containing VOCs (OVOCs) were major species contributing to OFP of the sources from food production and paper printing. The OFP of the VOCs emissions from vehicle in tunnels and from other manufactures were dominated by both aromatics and alkenes. The α-pinene could explain 56.94% and 32.54% of total OFP of the VOCs sources from filing cabinet and solid wood furniture manufacturing, which was rarely been involved in previous studies of VOCs source profiles, indicating that the species of concern for VOCs sources are still insufficient at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activities in public places are becoming increasingly frequent, and public seats have become an important component of public space and an "auxiliary tool" for work, life, and leisure. The demand for such furniture in China is gradually increasing, but the design and research work of public seats is lagging behind the development status and speed of other civil and office furniture. Usually, public seats can be divided into two parts based on their usage: public indoor seats and public outdoor seats. How to understand the role and impact of public seats on the indoor environment, and how to establish a new design method for public seats in the context of the overall environmental system, are currently urgent issues to be solved. The chair furniture comfort design evaluation is a classical MADM issues. In such paper, the generalized weighted Bonferroni mean (WBM) operator and power average (PA) is constructed for MADM with single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). Then, the generalized single-valued neutrosophic number power WBM (GSVNNPWBM) operator is built and then the MADM decision methods are proposed based on the GSVNNPWBM operator. Finally, an example about chair furniture comfort design evaluation and some comparative analysis were given to demonstrate the GSVNNPWBM method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1991, the Chinese government has implemented a number of film policies which have sought to provide subsidies in order to promote this industry. Specifically, it is seeking to boost the so‐called 'mainstream films' which serve the purpose of distributing the state's ideology and beliefs. However, these policies, such as tax relief and seat tax, have not helped to boost the production of this particular type of film. By drawing upon comparisons with subsidy policies in France and Korea, this paper provides explanations for why, after twenty years of market‐based reform in the film industry, China's subsidies have not achieved the same results as these countries. In fact, they have deteriorated the quality and quantity of these mainstream films rather than helping them to become internationally more competitive. In this respect, this paper assesses the state of the mainstream film sector through the prism of Porter's diamond model on competitiveness. This approach provides evidence of the real competitiveness of Chinese‐produced films, which could have crucial implications for the consistent application of ongoing subsidy policies. The limited impact of subsidies has actually contributed to the improvement of mainstream films, as well as boosted its efforts toward globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of informatization and network technology, it has become an inevitable trend to use informatization to drive industrialization, industrialization to promote informatization, and high-tech to improve China's traditional manufacturing industry. In order to conform to the trend of furniture development, combined with the characteristics of China's furniture manufacturing industry, this paper analyzes the sustainability of multifunctional furniture based on the whole life cycle of the product, and improves the sustainable utilization rate of multifunctional furniture at each stage of the life cycle, and then apply the modular concept for structural design. At the same time, the paper studies the modular design of imitation solid wood frame cabinet furniture. This paper proposes a method of producing and designing imitation solid wood frame cabinet furniture by using the cabinet module of panel furniture. This design method makes it possible to change the shape and style through a wide variety of decorative modules, under the condition that the basic modules of the cabinet are the same as the panel furniture, to produce imitation solid wood frame furniture with different styles. The research results show that this paper redefines multifunctional furniture based on the product life cycle, proposes a new definition of multifunctional furniture under the sustainable concept, and proposes the design process of multifunctional furniture. At the same time, the application of a multifunctional furniture design process for furniture design can effectively improve the sustainability of furniture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the history of a platform (bed-stove) named Kang, initiated 7200 years ago, providing a brief description of Kang development. Kang furniture is defined as furniture used on kang, which can be divided into three categories according to functions: Kang table, Kang storing furniture and other categories. These kinds of Kang furniture can reflect the Kang culture and the liftstyle of the northeast people. The wood material used for kang furniture almost is local wood such as Manchurian ash, mongolian oak, Chinese walnut, elm, Chinese red pine ect. The result of this paper is a basic part of the doctoral research, which helps for understanding the furniture culture of northeast in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North America's first oriented strand board (OSB) mill was built in the early 1980's. Twenty years later, the industry was thriving, with over 50 mills producing the product. China's first OSB mill was built in 1990, and 25 years later, there are a few mills with a total capacity less than two large North America mills, most operating below capacity and struggling to identify domestic markets for the growing production. This paper briefly looks at the histories of OSB industries in North America and China, presents the current situation of China's wood-based panels industry and its downstream industries, and identifies OSB opportunities and potential products in China. Opportunity for sheathing-grade OSB is very limited in the current Chinese market, whereas industrial opportunities for specialty OSB products to replace plywood have great potential. Those specialty products include materials for furniture, wood doors, wood flooring, container flooring, concrete form, etc. OSB producers must designate the right OSB products for the Chinese market and cost-effectively manufacture those differentiated products to meet specifications for various end-applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated development of the global economy has prompted the manufacturing industry of China to enter the era of intelligence, and manufacturing in the furniture manufacturing industry has gradually realized the transformation and upgrading from manual or semiautomation to automation and informatization. The traditional storage mode of receiving materials has been unable to coordinate and match the efficiency of its upstream supply and downstream processing. In order to coordinate production, reduce management costs, and achieve zero inventory, this paper integrates the common needs of the market, enterprises, actual production, and storage conditions. In addition, it designs a technical solution for the collection of sheet materials in furniture enterprises based on the environment foundation of automated threedimensional warehouses. The research results show that the collation algorithm proposed in this study can reduce the amount of sheet material collated by 152 sheets, improve the pallet utilization rate by up to 21.6%, and increase the storage space utilization rate by up to 22.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain security is a major prerequisite for China's successful industrial modernization, while the digital economy has significantly contributed to industrial transformation and upgrading. This study considers China's wooden furniture industry as its research object, constructing an evaluation index system of the digital economy and supply chain security of the wooden furniture industry. Then, it studies the impact of the digital economy on supply chain security through theoretical analysis and empirical methods using the two-way fixed model of provinces and time. The findings demonstrate that the digital economy effectively enhances the level of supply chain security in China's wooden furniture industry, further validating the digital economy's positive externality impact on the traditional real economy. The impact mechanism test shows that inventory turnover capacity is the focal point for the digital economy to improve the supply chain security of the wood furniture industry, specifying the starting point for that industry's digital transformation. The heterogeneity findings show that the role of the digital economy in improving the wood furniture industry's level of supply chain security is more significant in inland areas than in coastal areas. Additional analyses found a threshold effect of the digital economy's impact on supply chain security, indicating its limitations. This study explores the impact of the digital economy on the real economy from a traditional manufacturing industry, enriching research on the positive externalities of the digital economy as well as providing a reference for traditional manufacturing industries, such as that of wooden furniture, to probe the embedding points of the digital economy and appropriate digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - Children’s furniture has gradually become essential to China’s furniture market. Recently, the domestic children’s furniture market in China has paid less attention to children’s psychological needs and more to practical considerations like safety, health, size, and material. Methodology/Technique - In children’s furniture, fulfilling children’s psychological needs is worthy of product satisfaction and marketability. The study aimed to evaluate the variables of children’s psychological needs towards satisfaction and marketability of children’s furniture. Findings – A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide new insights into the topic under investigation and define the valuable variables of psychological needs for children’s furniture design. Novelty - The results acknowledged 12 variables of children’s psychological needs that designers and manufacturers must consider during the design and development of children’s furniture to promote product satisfaction and marketability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: VOC pollution in indoor air has become a serious problem in urban areas of China. Building materials and furniture used indoors are the main sources of such pollution. How to determine the VOC emission characteristics of furniture rapidly and conveniently is an important but difficult problem. In this paper, we extend the C-history method for determining the VOC emission characteristic parameters (i.e., the initial emittable VOC concentration, C 0, the partition coefficient, K, and the diffusion coefficient, D) of homogeneous building materials developed by to measure the parameters of VOC emissions from wood-based furniture in a 30m3 full-scale chamber. The conditions under which there are three equivalent parameters, C 0,equ, K equ and D equ for multi-layer board and wood-based furniture is analyzed and presented. A series of tests were performed to determine the three parameters of some commonly used wood-based furniture in China. A run of independent ventilated chamber experiments were carried out to validate the method. The results show that: (1) The agreement of the formaldehyde and six VOCs concentrations between the ventilated experiment and the simulated results based on the determined parameters is very good; (2) The method could be used in testing multi-layer board and wood-based furniture. The testing time is usually less than 3 days as compared with the furniture testing method typically performed under ventilated chamber conditions and take 5,7,14 or 28 days. The possibilities and limitations of applying the method to the existing furniture labeling schemes are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chinese policy-makers fear that an RMB appreciation will reduce low technology exports. We investigate this issue using data on China's exports to 30 countries. We find that an appreciation of the RMB would substantially reduce China's exports of clothing, furniture and footwear. We also find that an increase in foreign income, an increase in the Chinese capital stock, and an appreciation among China's competitors would raise China's exports. Because Europe is the second leading exporter of labour-intensive manufactures behind China, these results indicate that the appreciation of the euro relative to the RMB since 2001 has crowded out European exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal and early life home environment might be related to children’s asthma or allergic diseases later in life. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed and a questionnaire survey was performed in 3700 preschool children in urban areas in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were integrated with questions on home environment from the Swedish Dampness in Buildings and Health (DBH) study, appropriately modified for Chinese life habits. By multivariate regression analyses controlling for age, gender, heredity, location in urban/suburban or rural areas, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and breastfeeding, we found that home new furniture (HNF) before birth (referring to 1 year before pregnancy and during pregnancy) was positively associated with wheezing ever (odds ratio(OR) 1.23 with 95% CI of 1.03–1.48) and wheezing last 12 months (1.24,1.00–1.54), allergic rhinitis (AR) (1.26,1.06–1.51), and eczema (1.42,1.01–1.99). HNF between 0–1 years old was also positively associated with wheezing last 12 months. Home new decoration (HND) during 0–1 years old was positively associated with AR symptoms and eczema symptoms, more in the last 12 months. Stronger positive associations were found for signs of home mold and dampness with almost all children’s asthmatic and allergic symptoms (OR ranging from 1.23–1.85, P<0.05). By mutual adjustment between HNF before children’s birth and home mold or dampness, all the significance remained unchanged. Prenatal HNF and home mold or dampness was independently associated with children’s asthmatic and allergic diseases later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]