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Objective: This research work was conducted for the molecular characterization of the circulating foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in Bangladesh and revealed out their serotype. Materials and methods: The VP1 gene of six field isolates of FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes (two serotypes O, two serotypes A, and two serotypes Asia 1) was subjected for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed by using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis 6, having the field nucleotide sequences of FMDV and related sequences available in the GenBank. Results: The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 genes of serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 of the isolates revealed that overall isolates were 91%–100% similar to the isolates reported from Bangladesh and other neighboring countries. Among the isolates reported from Bangladesh, serotype O had 98%–100% identity, serotype A had 91%–100% identity, and serotype Asia-1 had 94%–100% identity. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the FMDV serotype O PanAsia-02 sub-lineage was confirmed in Bangladesh under the Middle East–South Asian (ME-SA) topotype. On the other hand, we identified genotype VII (18) of Asia topotype (serotype A) and lineage C (serotype Asia-1). Conclusion: The FMDV serotype O PanAsia-02 sub-lineage was confirmed in Bangladesh under the ME-SA topotype for the first time. The extensive cross-border animal movement from neighboring countries may act as the source of diversified FMDV serotypes in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to observe the overall seroprevalence and molecular detection of circulating FMD virus from infected cattle and efficacy of antibacterial drugs against secondary bacterial infection at Savar, Dhaka from January- December 2018. A total of 92 serum samples were collected for indirect c-ELISA to detect antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMD virus, and overall seroprevalence was 94.02%. The seroprevalence of serotype O and A was higher (95.83% and 95.83%) in male cattle than female (93.18% and 90.91%) respectively. 6 Months to 3 years aged cattle showed, significantly (p<0.01) higher seroprevalence (100%) than above 4 years age groups for serotype O (82.14%) and A (78.57%). Local cattle were more seropositive 96.88% compared to crossbred cattle 93.33% for serotype O and 91.67% for serotype A and this variation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among 10 clinical samples of FMD from infected cattle, 8 samples were positive for different serotypes, among them 2 each were identified as serotype A and Asia-1. On the other hand,4 samples were identified as mixed infection (1 sample of serotype O+A, 3 samples of O+Asia-1) by mRT-PCR. In this study on therapeutic intervention with sulphadimidine significantly (p<0.05) reduced the clinical signs of FMD than Gentamycin and Ampicillin. The higher seroprevalence of the disease has substantial economic implications which signify the need for devising effective control measure. However, the detection of 'O', Asia-1and 'A' serotype emphasizes the critical need for use of atrivalent vaccine in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious, and economically devastating viral disease of domestic and wildlife species. For effective implementation of FMD control program, there is an imperative need for developing a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostics which help in the identification of serotypes involved in the outbreaks. The humoral immune response of the Camelidae is unique since in these animals 75% of circulating antibodies are constituted by heavy-chain antibodies and 25% are conventional immunoglobulin with two identical heavy chains. In the present study, we developed and characterized FMD virus-specific single-domain heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) against inactivated whole-virus antigens of FMDV serotypes O (INDR2/1975), A (IND40/2000), and Asia 1 (IND63/1972) vaccine strains. After six rounds of panning and enrichment, these VHHs were stably expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The VHHs directed against outer capsid proteins of FMD virus were successfully utilized as the capture antibody in liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) thus replacing rabbit coating antibodies. Our study demonstrated the utility of FMD virus-specific VHHs as potential candidates in FMD research and diagnostic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]