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1. Investigation of physical properties of paper produced by blending of water hyacinth and dried flowers.

Author: Kalimuthu, Santhiya, Venkatesh, NivethaBalaji, and Selvakumar, Vimala Devi
Subjects: WATER hyacinth, FLOWERS, WOOD, PAPER pulp, LIGNOCELLULOSE, TENSILE strength
Abstract: The production of paper is a key component for global civilization. Around 300 million tonnes of paper are produced every day globally, with matured pulpwood being the major contributor. Due to rising demand for paper and the depletion of available wood resources, researchers are now focused on finding alternative non-wood resources that are suitable for pulp and paper production. The current study aims to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable paper using a combination of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and dried flowers. Water hyacinth is considered as a lignocellulose plant which contains 57% lignocellulose, and dried flower contains 40% cellulose, which is the prime source for paper production. Various sections of water hyacinth, including wet and dry petiole, leaves, and root, were blended with dried flowers through the soda process. Then, the physical properties and FTIR analysis was carried out to identify the quality of the paper produced. The paper produced from root and dried petiole has a lower thickness (1.0 mm and 0.5 mm) than other mix proportions. The opacity of the leaves was found to be 0.5% (light passing) and for the root 0.7% (light passing). Also, the dry petiole and root paper have a good dry tensile strength of 1.30Kpa and 1.20Kpa, respectively. Hence, paper made from dry petiole and root was found to be efficient and suitable for the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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2. ORIGAMI GUIDE.

Subjects: ORIGAMI, FIGURE-ground perception, PAPER, CROWNS, FLOWERS
Abstract: The article focuses on a website that provides instructions for making various origami creations, making it easier for those interested in origami to create beautiful shapes like chickens, crowns and flowers.
Published: 2023

3. Alternative soilless media using olive-mill and paper waste for growing ornamental plants

Author: Antonios Chrysargyris, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, Munoo Prasad, Omiros Antoniou, and Andreas Tzionis
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll, Paper, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Industrial Waste, Plant Development, Matthiola, Flowers, Growth, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Petunia, Antioxidants, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Calendula, Olea, Ornamental plant, Environmental Chemistry, Paper waste, Biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Matthiola incana, biology, Agricultural Sciences, Earliness, Peat, Agriculture, General Medicine, Plants, Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, biology.organism_classification, Hydroponics, Olive-mill waste, Pollution, Plant Leaves, Horticulture, chemistry, Calendula officinalis, Fruit, Ornamentals, Phytotoxicity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Peat-based growing media are not ecologically sustainable and peat extraction threatens sensitive peatland ecosystem. In this study, olive-stone waste (OSW) and paper waste (PW) were used in different ratios—as growing media—for ornamental crop production, as peat (P) substitutes. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), petunia (Petunia x hybrita L.) and matthiola (Matthiola incana L.) plants were grown in (1) P (100%), (2) P:OSW (90%:10%), (3) P:OSW (70%:30%), and (4) P:OSW:PW (60%:20%:20%). The physicochemical properties of these substrates and the effects on plant growth were determined. The addition of 10–30% OSW into the substrate increased marigold height compared to plants grown in 100% peat. No differences in plant size, plant biomass (leaves and flowers), and dry matter content were found. Adding PW, in combination with OSW, maintained marigold height and total number of flowers produced to similar levels as in plants grown in 100% peat. In matthiola, adding 30% OSW into the substrate reduced plant size and fresh weight, but not plant height. No differences were observed when plants grew in lower OSW (i.e., 10%) content. Petunia’s height, its total number of flowers and flower earliness (flower opening) were increased in the presence of OSW compared to the plants grown in 100% peat. The addition of OSW did not affect petunia’s size and fresh weight among treatments. The addition of PW suppressed several plant growth-related parameters for both matthiola and petunia. The insertion of OSW did not change leaf chlorophyll content whereas the presence of PW decreased chlorophylls for marigold, petunia, and matthiola. Both OSW and PW altered the content of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) in leaves and flowers for marigold and petunia. Both 30% OSW and PW increased antioxidative enzyme metabolism due to the increased damage index and lipid peroxidation observed in plants. Leaf N and P content decreased in PW-based media, while matthiola displayed visual phytotoxicity symptoms when PW was added into the substrate. The present work indicates that up to 30% of OSW can replace peat for marigold and petunia growing and only up to 10% of OSW for matthiola, while the addition of PW on top of OSW is not recommended, so further research is needed.
Published: 2018