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This paper examined the women empowerment issue in Pakistan. Past research, studies assessed that customary rules and cultural influence relate to women's status in urban areas. The social position of women in Pakistan seems to be problematic. However, urban and rural Pakistani women's relationships are accurate with these women. The majority of women in Pakistan are not aware of their fundamental rights. Therefore, gender classification is a vital part of this study. This analysis aimed to search issues relating to women in the literature. Recent findings showed that women empowerment issues make a broad view of past exploration in an area. In which equality policies and the role of human rights constitute an essential part are. First, as desired more or less earlier stages of the review, certain limitations and critical factors explored, such as examining records and data through Google researchers, Research Gate, and other journal sites. Finally, the study interprets findings based on previous publications, clearly described in the discussions and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's empowerment is a global issue, and the current study was conducted to assess empowerment among senior rank women officers in Pakistan's male-dominated police force. Women's police work has never been in endearing attention. Since police job is extremely challenging as they have to face constant threats and uncertain situations. This article highlighted the issues and challenges which were correlated to the empowerment of senior rank women police officers in the ultra-masculine department. The study was carried out in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The convenient sampling method was applied for the selection of senior rank women officers (SSPs, SPs, ASPs and DSPs) because of their inadequate strength in the department. Structured interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection. The research in hand used a mixed methodological approach. The data was collected from 25 respondents out of 52 with the age group ranged from 31-60 years from different police stations and training centers of the Police force. This study revealed that despite the nature of the job, societal restraints and cultural norms, the induction of women in the police department is indispensable. Furthermore, regardless of women's contribution to the socio-economic development, they are still confronting different challenges because of male domination and hostile working conditions which not only hinder their capabilities but also discourage them to work with high spirit. This study endorsed that provision of better working environment and changed organizational culture in police department would empower women folk as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's empowerment is related to women's decision-making power, easy access to information, and resource control. Women entrepreneurship is in the initial stage in Pakistan. The present study primarily focused on the challenge of women empowerment through entrepreneurship in Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through the survey method. The target population of the study was 120 women of the main cities of Pakistan. The target population was divided into two categories (housewife/ entrepreneur cum housewife). The results highlight that entrepreneurship played a significant role and increased the decision-making power of women entrepreneurs as compared to the housewife. However, women entrepreneurs are facing various obstacles such as less governmental support, complicated bank loan procedures, lack of entrepreneurial education, and market awareness. The governmental support in place of smooth and easily accessible bank loans for women requires enhancing their confidence and control over resources similar to the men. The result highlights that women entrepreneurs have strong decision-making power, fewer mobility issues, autonomy, financial independence, and empowerment. This study will help policymakers to formulate strategies to overcome the obstacles of women entrepreneurship to attain empowerment through entrepreneurship. A women empowerment model is proposed to be followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child marriage (before 18 years) is widely prevalent in Pakistan, and disproportionately affects young girls in rural, low income and poorly-educated households. Our study aims to determine the association of child marriage and attitude towards wife beating among currently married Pakistani women aged 15-24 after controlling for social equity indicators (education, wealth index, rural residence). Methods: We limited the data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-2013 to currently married women aged 15-24 years (n=2648). Five specified dichotomous variables indicating women's attitude towards wife beating (goes out without telling husband, neglects the children, argues with husband, refuses to have sex with husband, burns the food) were considered as outcome variables. The likelihood (OR and 95% CI) of each outcome variable for the child marriage group was estimated using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of child marriage was significantly higher among women having no education and Balochi ethnicity, living in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region and rural area, and belonging to the poorest quintile of wealth index. Women married as children compared with women married as adults were more likely to justify wife beating for all five specified reasons. However, these associations were lost when social equity indicators and national region of residence were adjusted in the regression models. Conclusions: Highly prevalent child marriage practice among women can be minimized by promoting education and providing economic opportunities in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews feminist critiques, both on conceptual and empirical grounds, of the contention that microcredit empowers women. It also reviews other critiques of microcredit as being pushed by a neo-liberal agenda to extend the domain of the market or as a development panacea while not really representing authentic development. It makes a case for privileging women’s perception and voice and adds to the literature that does this using a case study from Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]