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The article presents information on a survey which finds that despite the convenience of electronic versions, law review editors continue to strongly prefer paper sources. This preference conflicts with libraries' need to cancel duplicate print subscriptions to reporters and law reviews, and to avoid large interlibrary loan costs. In this article, the authors report the results of this survey of law review practice and suggest that image-based documents should lead to changes in law review policy. In contrast to scholarly publications in other disciplines, most law journals get edited by students. As part of that editing, students hunt down a copy of each System of Citation. To the extent that any citation guide dictates whether journal staffers check citations in paper rather than electronic sources, then the Bluebook reigns. Surprisingly, editors split on whether the Bluebook elevates paper sources over electronic ones. With the advent of image-based documents, the geography of the legal information landscape has changed radically. In 2002, owner of Westlaw introduced PDF versions of some cases. This "old wine in new bottles" gives researchers the option of seeing cases exactly as they appear in West reporters, i.e., as they appear on paper.

The present study answers calls of previous research to analyze the content of online news, assessing differences between print and online newspapers in frequency of ‘mobilizing information’ (MI)—information aiding people to act on pre-existing attitudes. Conceptual and operational definitions of locational, identificational, and tactical MI are included. Results revealed that online newspapers did not have significantly more MI than their print counterparts. This finding counters the assumption that online newspapers have more mobilizing content than print. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet has made it possible for students to access a vast amount of high-quality references when writing papers. Yet research has shown that the use of reference databases is poor and the quality of student papers is consequently often below expectation. The objective of this article is twofold. First, it aims to describe the problems students experience when they search for information using a university reference database. Second, it aims to compare the perspective of students of the problems of searching with that of their teachers. As a basis for the study, we used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. A web-based survey was carried out. A total of 150 students at Örebro University in Sweden participated in the survey. The results were analysed by comparison of median values. Results show that students experience problems mostly in the category of efforts expectancy. Differences between the two groups are most significant in the category of effort expectancy and students’ patience in searching. Teachers are more pessimistic about students’ capacity in information searching than the students themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the Internet as a research tool on elementary students' quality of writing, their perceptions of effort expended, and their resource media preference in writing an expository paper. We gathered data from 56 upper-elementary students as they wrote expository papers using print resources, electronic resources via the Internet, or both types of resources. We noted no significant differences among the quality of writing that could be attributed to the resources used or grade in school. However, students liked using the Internet more than traditional print resources for doing research. In addition, fifth-grade students perceived that they put forth more effort when using the Internet for this writing task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews and tabulates the literature of the strengths of Web-based survey methods versus non-electronic survey methods in educational, business, and other institutions. The relative importance of the strengths of each method is examined. As indicated by Perkins and Yuan's study comparing Web-based and non-electronic library-satisfaction survey results, earlier non library, institutional findings may have applications in the library. Of particular current interest is survey respondents' representation of a large sample at Western Kentucky University (WKU) for the Web-based Association of Research Libraries (ARL) LibQUAL+ survey. Finally, there is a summary of comments from a small sample of respondents from three library electronic discussion lists-the Library and Information Technology Association (LITA-L), the Association of College and Research Librarians (ACRL- FRM), and the Reference and User Services Association (RUSA-L) to discuss how electronic/Internet survey methods may, in part, replace current non-electronic survey methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the most popular techniques used to rank a web page highly in Google. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents the results of a study into 50 highly optimized web pages that were created as part of a Search Engine Optimization competition. The study focuses on the most popular techniques that were used to rank highest in this competition, and includes an analysis on the use of PageRank, number of pages, number of in-links, domain age and the use of third party sites such as directories and social bookmarking sites. A separate study was made into 50 non-optimized web pages for comparison. Findings - The paper provides insight into the techniques that successful Search Engine Optimizers use to ensure a page ranks highly in Google. Recognizes the importance of PageRank and links as well as directories and social bookmarking sites. Research limitations/implications - Only the top 50 web sites for a specific query were analyzed. Analysing more web sites and comparing with similar studies in different competition would provide more concrete results. Practical implications - The paper offers a revealing insight into the techniques used by industry experts to rank highly in Google, and the success or otherwise of those techniques. Originality/value - This paper fulfils an identified need for web sites and e-commerce sites keen to attract a wider web audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the new version of the EconLit database of the American Economic Association (AEA), EconLit with Full Text (EL w/FT), which incorporates full-text articles for 401 of the more than 750 leading economic journals indexed in EconLit. The enhanced version has been offered by EBSCO Publishing since early 2007. Its content has six distinct types of records which include academic journal articles, working economic papers from the Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) database, and book abstracts and book reviews. It uses the EBSCOhost interface which is already familiar to those who subscribe to EBSCO's other electronic resources.

This paper imparts the experiences of two similar but unaffiliated medical libraries that use QuestionPoint, OCLC's collaborative virtual reference product. The authors introduce the major features of QuestionPoint, with particular emphasis on its asynchronous e-mail reference service. After presenting how both libraries have employed this service in their respective environments, the paper examines the quantity and quality of reference questions submitted via QuestionPoint. The types of questions are explicated, and statistical trends are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the current status of public universities in Bangladesh in terms of library resources and services, IT infrastructure and training requirements for the establishment of a centralized, networked electronic library for the universities in the country. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted in March-April 2012 to ascertain the level of library automation practices, access to online resources and IT facilities utilized by the public universities in Bangladesh. The survey questionnaire was distributed through post and emails directed to the university librarians. The librarians were also asked to identify the type of IT-related training they had and the type of training they require. Findings – The survey results indicate that there are insufficiencies in library resources, automation practices, access to online resources and IT facilities in the universities. Although the use of computer and network technologies in older universities is reasonably high; newer universities are lagging far behind in the latest technology applications. The results also suggest significant training needs by the librarians across all areas of electronic information processing. Originality/value – This is the first time an attempt has been made to assess the readiness of the public universities in Bangladesh for implementing IT-based information services. The paper also proposed a framework for implementing an integrated electronic library for the universities in the country to offer them better access to a wide range of online resources and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to federate repositories emerges in two distinctive scenarios. In one scenario, scalability-related problems in the operation of a repository reach a point beyond which continued service requires parallelization and hence federation of the repository infrastructure. In the other scenario, multiple distributed repositories manage collections of interest to certain communities or applications, and federation is an approach to present a unified perspective across these repositories. The high-level, 3-Tier aDORe federation architecture can be used as a guideline to federate repositories in both cases. This paper describes the architecture, consisting of core interfaces for federated repositories in Tier-1, two shared infrastructure components in Tier-2, and a single-point of access to the federation in Tier-3. The paper also illustrates two large-scale deployments of the aDORe federation architecture: the aDORe Archive repository (over 100,000,000 digital objects) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Ghent University Image Repository federation (multiple terabytes of image files). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the fact that commercial publishers in the digital environment have introduced licences to govern licensed digital content; scholars believe that the introduction of licences to govern licensed digital content favours the interest of commercial publishers and may result in reduced access to information. Among the possible solutions found is to promote initiatives aimed at giving free access to digital information; this is known as ‘open access’. This paper analyses, from a South African perspective, scholars' and corporate rights holders' perceptions of open access sources. The paper examines whether scholars' use of open access sources has influenced the use of licensed digital content and whether it is possible for the open access sources to act as surrogates to licensed digital information. The paper discusses the reasons for the possible failure of the open access sources, and proposes measures that should be implemented to allow open access sources to excel in the digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper posits that libraries--specifically science and technology libraries--have emerged on the international scene as a critical source of soft power-non-military power.² Public and private entities can leverage a library's digital resources to accelerate³ the development of critical technologies4 through horizon scanning,5 targeting,6 early warning7, alert services8, digital exploitation,9 and cross-domain delivery.10 10 Library resources play a key role in strengthening the research capabilities of public and private entities. However, current library trends threaten cutting-edge proprietary research intended for only very private audiences. Western authors, who submit for early circulation publications on emerging technology issues, may find their works exploited through deep dive research,11 citation analysis, unsanctioned access, and networked digital library ("DL") holdings. Separately, Western librarians may find themselves victims of information attack via surreptitious inquiries for unclassified but sensitive materials or cyber penetrations.12 The end result can be a hostile competitor's reliance on library information systems for unauthorized and competitive development of dual-­-use (civilian/military) applications.13 More importantly, these library trends can be used to undercut the legal precepts of newness and innovation necessary to patent law.14. This paper draws on China as a case study to help lawyers, businessmen, researchers, and analysts better understand threats and defensive strategies for intellectual property rights. China provides an example of how a competitor state, also characterized as a peer adversary,15 relies on its National Science Library ("NSL") and Competitive Intelligence strategy to boost research advantage for State-influenced academic, governmental, and military entities.16 China's LIS marshals soft power through tactical and strategic intelligence collection/analysis,17 early warning and alert services,18 and regulatory/patent lawfare.19 In doing so, China's LIS is positioned as a force multiplier.20 It serves as a science and technology-targeting platform21 to accelerate development of national technology objectives.22 Ultimately, China's LIS promotes rapidity and surprise in warfare that has no rules.23 It is a perfectly designed strategic tool for maintaining the technological upper hand amidst the U.S. policy of integration.24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate five open access state encyclopedias. Design/methodology/approach -- Each encyclopedia is discussed and evaluated separately in regard to the following categories: web design, search functionality, features, scope, and currency. Findings -- The paper finds that, while many of the evaluated state encyclopedias provide different types of information with varying web design and structure, the end product is the same: offering free, authoritative articles and other media for anyone to access on a given topic related to the selected state. While some encyclopedias are continuously updated with new material and have better interfaces, features, and search functions, each site is valuable for the authoritative information it provides. Originality/value -- The state encyclopedias discussed are all open access resources that provide scholarly, authoritative information in an easily accessible format. Through evaluation of the web design, search features, currency, and scope and content, librarians can assist their users with searching and locating information in these encyclopedias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a follow up to an earlier article in the previous issue of this journal on book references in 47 matching entries in the brain and behavioral sciences in two competing free online encyclopedias, the anonymously authored and unrefereed Wikipedia and the assigned expert authored and refereed Scholarpedia, references to journals are now compared. Much as was the case with book references, it is now shown that both encyclopedias predominantly cite reputable scholarly and professional journals, with Scholarpedia predictably having more entries and Wikipedia just as predictably having somewhat newer ones. However, in all categories except journals related to psychiatry and psychotherapy, Scholarpedia authors placed a notably stronger emphasis on citing papers from the most highly ranked titles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Joint Information Systems Committee and the National Science Foundation programme, Digital Libraries in the Classroom (DLiC), addresses implications for the learning of the revolution in scholarly communication. What are the obstacles to undergraduates ‘ “writing” on and for the Internet’? Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) is a partner in one of the DLiC-funded projects, Spoken Word. At GCU the focus was on the practical demonstration of the implications and potential for learning of a remote electronic library extremely and extensively rich in culturally significant multimedia; the archives of the British Broadcasting Corporation. This paper considers one significant objective—embedding the developments generated in the project. It considers the reactions of major stakeholders to the attempts of the project team to raise institutional awareness of developments and pursue a strategy to induce change. This account is interim; the project has a 5-year life, from 2003 to 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews various digital research services. The Web-based subscription service JSTOR, established in 1995, is considered to be one of the more widely used electronic research sources. Early English Books Online and the Text Creation Partnership collection contains almost every work published in English through 1700. The article also reviews Gallica, a nonsubscritpion site for electronic texts established by the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

The article discusses the author's emphasis on the significance of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) to illuminate aspects of the history of the academic discipline of geography in Great Britain. It is stressed that this paper concentrates on neglect of the generic form of biographical writing, specifically its narrowing of perspective on what comprises the field of geography. The author affirms that this dictionary offers geography historians an important new resource. ODNB, in its electronic form, is described as more easily accessed and debated.

In March 2003 Glasgow University Library joined with Innovative Interfaces and several other Innovative customers to develop a new Electronic Resource Management (ERM) module. This paper will outline the ways in which the development and implementation of ERM has acted as a catalyst and facilitator for further enhancements and developments in the area of e-journals at Glasgow University Library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The paper describes collaborations and partnerships developed between library bioinformatics programs and other bioinformatics-related units at four academic institutions. Methods: A call for information on bioinformatics partnerships was made via email to librarians who have participated in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Advanced Workshop for Bioinformatics Information Specialists. Librarians from Harvard University, the University of Florida, the University of Minnesota, and Vanderbilt University responded and expressed willingness to contribute information on their institutions, programs, services, and collaborating partners. Similarities and differences in programs and collaborations were identified. Results: The four librarians have developed partnerships with other units on their campuses that can be categorized into the following areas: knowledge management, instruction, and electronic resource support. All primarily support freely accessible electronic resources, while other campus units deal with fee-based ones. These demarcations are apparent in resource provision as well as in subsequent support and instruction. Conclusions and Recommendations: Through environmental scanning and networking with colleagues, librarians who provide bioinformatics support can develop fruitful collaborations. Visibility is key to building collaborations, as is broad-based thinking in terms of potential partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a primary journal publisher, no matter how small or large, the decision about how to host your online publications is a crucial one. Increasingly, the online version of a journal is the user's version of preference, and today's readers and authors have high expectations in terms of functionality and accessibility. Some publishers choose to build a bespoke, publisher-specific hosting platform in-house, while others choose to outsource their journal hosting to a third party, and concentrate their efforts on the editorial development of their titles. This paper is written from the standpoint of a publisher which has taken the latter option, and describes some of the key issues which will influence the publisher's choice of hosting partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term referencing of online publications (for example, research papers embedded in a distributed heterogeneous information environment) presents several challenges. In order to address the challenges, two main things must be taken into account: • A method for location-independent referencing by means of Persistent identifiers (PIs) • The long-term access to digital objects by means of (long-term) preservation These imply that long-term referencing is not only an issue of a technical implementation of PIs, but also a matter of a political and organizational infrastructure. These starting points underlie the PI-related activities at Die Deutsche Bibliothek (the German National Library) that are occurring in the framework of the EPICUR (Enhancement of Persistent Identifier Services-Comprehensive Method for Unequivocal Resource Identification) project. This article discusses cooperative URN management at Die Deutsche Bibliothek within the EPICUR project. It presents results concerning the framework of URN assignment and administration, resolving services, and standardization within bibliographic information services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utah State University has successfully implemented a service that incorporates e-mail reference and an appointment-based model. The advantages of the Term Paper&Research Assistance service are reviewed. The program incorporates a great deal of flexibility for the participating librarians and the clients they serve and eliminates the need for a “coordinator.” Use statistics and positive student feedback have underscored the service's potential for future growth. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study is to critique management reports provided by electronic databases. This will be done by discussing three database reports, an electronic report prepared locally and a local faculty assessment. The latter was created to seek end-users' reactions. The database-produced reports are: OCLC's FirstSearch Usage Statistics Online, SilverPlatter's Electronic Reference Library software-generated reports and Information Access Company's SearchBank Usage Statistics. The fourth report was a record of the usage of only CD-ROM resources and was produced from the configuration of locally acquired software. Data from the fifth reporting method discussed, an assessment by faculty, is compared to that from the report-yielding features of the databases. Faculty in all disciplines offered at a regional university relied on their individual research experiences to provide information regarding the effectiveness of databases in filling the consumer's needs. While less than half of the faculty participated, questions designed to help assess research strategies, teaching methods and usefulness of specific databases provided much data. Analysis of the data collected electronically showed some remarkable similarities to faculty's self-reports of research and perceptions of students' research. Awareness of the electronic reports may increase the potential for faculty utilization of these resources in teaching and research. Contents of the electronic databases either parallel paper subscriptions or are additional titles supplying indexing, abstracting and full text of journals and newspapers. Data showing interest levels in utilizing 22 electronic resources and their weaknesses in filling needs indicate strengths of the five reports as tools to direct management. Usefulness of the electronic reports is fully supported by the faculty assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When integrating computational tools, such as automatic segmentation, into clinical practice, it is of utmost importance to be able to assess the level of accuracy on new data and, in particular, to detect when an automatic method fails. However, this is difficult to achieve due to the absence of ground truth. Segmentation accuracy on clinical data might be different from what is found through cross validation, because validation data are often used during incremental method development, which can lead to overfitting and unrealistic performance expectations. Before deployment, performance is quantified using different metrics, for which the predicted segmentation is compared with a reference segmentation, often obtained manually by an expert. But little is known about the real performance after deployment when a reference is unavailable. In this paper, we introduce the concept of reverse classification accuracy (RCA) as a framework for predicting the performance of a segmentation method on new data. In RCA, we take the predicted segmentation from a new image to train a reverse classifier, which is evaluated on a set of reference images with available ground truth. The hypothesis is that if the predicted segmentation is of good quality, then the reverse classifier will perform well on at least some of the reference images. We validate our approach on multi-organ segmentation with different classifiers and segmentation methods. Our results indicate that it is indeed possible to predict the quality of individual segmentations, in the absence of ground truth. Thus, RCA is ideal for integration into automatic processing pipelines in clinical routine and as a part of large-scale image analysis studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on a study that constructed a baseline of scholarly use of Internet-based electronic resources (e-sources) by surveying a group of library and information science scholars. Survey design and administration; Survey results; Strategies to locate e-sources for research; Conclusion.

The graphical branding of electronic resources reminds users that what they are using has been paid for by the library, and provides a visual connection between the e-resource and the library. This is especially important when the user accesses an e-resource without first going to the library's Web site. At the University of Mississippi Libraries, there are three different graphics that are being used to brand electronic resources: the Web-Bridge button, the Research Pro logo, and the e-resources brand. This paper looks at the creation of these graphics and what was learned from the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Librarians at the Arnold Bernhard Library of Quinnipiac University were concerned with the usage levels of their electronic reference titles. They added the titles to the library's Web page, made individual records in the online catalog, and even established links between an OPAC keyword search and a search through electronic reference titles. It was still felt that the collection was underutilized. In 2007, the Automation Librarian began a project to add one more level of access to these titles--a graphic interface that simulated the process of walking into a reference room and picking out a title. A preliminary version was loaded in the Fall of 2007, and early results indicate that it has found an audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role dictionaries play in a translation situation within the tenets of the Function Theory of Lexicography (Bergenholtz/Tarp, 2002, 2003, 2004; Tarp 2008; Fuertes-Olivera/Tarp, 2014). It comments on the lexicographic data needed for assisting translators of specialised texts, proposes a list of recommendations for constructing high quality translation dictionaries and illustrates these views by referring to the Accounting Dictionaries, a series of interconnected Danish, English, Spanish, Danish-English, English-Danish, Spanish-English and English-Spanish dictionaries that provide assistance to the envisaged user group in a number of specified situations, e.g. L1-L2 and L2-L1 translation (Fuertes-Olivera/ Nielsen, 2012). These dictionaries are subject to a continuous process of adaptation in order to cope with theoretical modifications and technological breakthroughs, e.g. the challenges the Internet poses for making dictionaries (Fuertes-Olivera, 2013a; Fuertes-Olivera/Bergenholtz, 2011 [2013]; Fuertes-Olivera/Tarp, 2014; Tarp, 2012). For instance, since 2011 users can access several usage specific dictionaries, e.g. the Diccionario Inglés-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traducción and the Diccionario Inglés- Espanol de Contabilidad: Traducción de Frases y Expresiones. These are Model T. Ford dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries whose articles and the visualized lexicographical data are adapted to the various functions displayed by the dictionary, frequently assisted by different types of interactive options where the users may define themselves and the activity for which they need information (Tarp, 2011 [2013]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional wisdom suggests that the best way of equipping first-year university students with the skills to cope with the rigorous demands of discipline-specific discourse is through an "academic literacies" approach. In other words, by developing their abilities to discern different disciplinary contexts and settings, students may more confidently adopt appropriate linguistic practices in their studies (Archer 2010: 497). I would suggest that where the approach frequently falls short, is in the narrow range of discipline-specific materials provided for student consumption. To achieve the desired levels of linguistic agility for university study, students need a mental gymnasium with a truly challenging set of apparatus. It is not only students of literature who need exposure to creative writing. Reading of creative fiction can ignite the narrative imagination of the first-year university student, provoking an exploration of cultural diversity, social justice and identity. Novels, plays, poetry and short stories can engage the reader more deeply than factual studies, and engender a thoughtful, responsive and responsible attitude towards society. A sense of social justice is fundamental to the development of good citizenship, and it has been argued that the study of creative writing, especially that which is embedded in local and regional history, provides a sound scaffolding for student learning experiences through related writing activities and debate. Online literary and historical encyclopaedias can provide an ideal information landscape for the development of learning modules that focus on local literature. A structured e-learning module may build on such online sources by assisting the student to navigate the abundant references and discover materials that may be probed more deeply through reading assignments, writing tasks and discussion. This paper presents a case study of the design and development of a general education learning module - "Sharing our stories"- intended to provide students with enriching encounters with local literature while advancing their academic reading and writing skills. The module draws on the content of the Encyclopaedia of South African Arts, Culture and Heritage (ESAACH) which plays an integral part as a springboard to the exploration of local writing. While students encounter a variety of short stories, extracts from novels and biographical writing, a blog feature ensures that the students" own contributions are lodged within the bigger story -- what Ngugi wa Thiong'o calls the "collective history" - of our region (Wa Thiong'o 1986: xi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results from a quantitative and systematic analysis comparing the online usage of an e-reference and an e-monograph collection. A very strong relationship exists between size and usage: the larger the collection, the greater the usage. An equally strong relationship exists between searches and viewings, meaning that the more there are searches performed, the more will full-text content be viewed. The smaller e-reference collection has also seen significantly greater use proportional to its size compared to the much larger e-monograph collection. E-monographs have not seen significant usage until after the addition of very large academic e-book packages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the conceptual and vocabulary problems users faced when searching the web and subsequently shows how a well structured thesaurus can be used as knowledge base for an interface that can assist user with search topic clarification. Recent research justified that thesaurus is useful in building ontology to help standardize terminologies and more importantly help to save time in building ontology that fully depend on domain expert. Several initiatives has been undertaken in web'ifying thesaurus with the idea of converting thesaurus or controlled vocabularies to semantic web standards such as Web Ontology (OWL). The aim of this research is to explore how thesaurus can be integrated into ontology development. Our research method emphasizes on semantic web technologies and the development of ontology using thesaurus, domain expert and reference sources such as Index Islamicus, encyclopedia, biographies etc. as the basis for implementing novel mechanism for retrieving Islamic web in 3 different languages simultaneously. As a result, we developed a framework for the development of Islamic ontology that advocates the symbiosis of thesaurus, domain expert and several reference sources in Islam as the basis for the construction of a multilingual ontology for our Islamic portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper introduces a reference service model (RSM) that closes the gap between two phenomenically contradictory service annotation paradigms: traditional semantic service frameworks and the emerging social annotation of services. RSM aims to (i) facilitate the semantic interlinking between services annotated using different semantic models and (ii) accommodate the bottom-up social annotation of services. RSM was developed following the design science research methodology. To develop RSM, existing semantic service models and SOA service models were reviewed in the light of the six service contracts and examined whether and using which elements each of the models supports in each of the contracts. The identified elements were then fed to a multiphase abstraction exercise. RSM comprises of the following concepts: Service, Service Input, Service Output, Service Context and Service Logic, Service Provider, Service Client and Service Feedback. The paper also maps the concepts of RSM to those of existing semantic service models and positions RSM with respect to related SOA service models. Finally, an implementation of RSM in OWL and two pilot developments that highlight different aspects of RSM are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Lexica dictionary is an online bilingual dictionary [5]. It provides contexts, translations, paradigms and structures for a large number of English words used in the terminology associated with European Community legal texts [4]. In this paper a software architecture that extends the web application to the mobile phones such that a user can also access the online web application using its mobile device is presented. For the proposed architecture a client program is developed with the Google's Android software. Mobile Lexica is a software project that uses the same database as the website, but removes the need of a browser. Using the http protocol and the JSON (Javascript Object Notation) serialization format, it transfers data from the web service to the mobile, and backwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary works in their printed form are subject to double coding, both verbal and graphic. However, the potential consequences of this fact are not systematically exploited by writers, nor are they frequently taken into account by readers. With Gass's Willie Masters' Lonesome Wife, the latent complexities of this double coding are forced out into the open, revealing the sometimes complementary and sometimes conflictual relations between the verbal and the graphic in a work that is a prime example of the metareferential turn in plurimedial contexts. Based on current research in intermedial relations and on the Peircean concepts of index and icon, this paper examines three dimensions of metaization that contribute to intermedial metareference in Gass's postmodern text. First is the clash between verbal and graphic codes in the use of paratextual forms (e. g., footnotes) that produce a 'salient foregrounding of the medium' through accentuation of contiguous indexical relations within the space of the page. Second is the 'salient iconic use of signs'. Despite the presence of photographs, the 'imaginal' or pictorial use of icons is limited. More prominent is 'diagrammatic iconicity', the mapping of formal relations from verbal onto graphic evocations of the heroine and vice versa. Finally, the third type of iconicity, metaphor, underlies the work's tropological macrostructure: on the one hand, the plurimedial text is equated with the physical charms of the heroine's body; on the other, Gass's work is a postmodern allegory that seeks to 'eroticize' the fictional text. These features are implemented in such a way as to trigger 'increased attention' to the work at hand, an awareness of the need for an interdisciplinary and transmedial framework of understanding and a 'conceptual leap' which, together, contribute to the pervading metareferentiality which renders Gass's novel a major index of the metareferential turn in the postmodern novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delineates the extent to which metareference has been present in fantasy fiction right from its beginnings in the 1950s, when - in the wake of texts such as J. R. R. Tolkien's famous novel The Lord of The Rings (1954-1955) - it developed into a subgenre of marvellous fiction. Subsequently, some remarkable changes in the form and the function of metareference in fantasy fiction which have taken place within the last two or three decades are discussed. Finally, an attempt to explain these changes and the impressive increase in metareference in contemporary fantasy fiction is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Can I get full text from ERIC and what on earth is Dialog Datastar?' was a Facebook status update by the student author of this paper in 2009. The post highlighted the sometimes confusing experience of working with journal articles online. This article provides an introduction, from a personal perspective, to some of the joys, fascinations and frustrations of being both a real and virtual student in real and virtual worlds. It suggests that e-learning should be considered a broad term which covers a variety of digital tools, environments, pedagogies and experiences. For students taught fully online, e-learning can mean experiencing the university, the library and its resources purely 'at the interface'. However, it is argued here that e-learning incorporating social networking, online communication tools and virtual worlds can be a socially and culturally rewarding learning experience which can cross boundaries of 'place' and 'time'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the in the decision-making importance of digitization of library materials process. The paper poses a series of questions to be answered which will facilitate the decision-making process of library professionals. They poses the questions as to what and how to digitize into the larger framework of collection building by focusing, first, on the nature of the collections and their use, and, second, on the realities of the institutional context in which these decisions are made. Their method is, above all, most helpful in its pragmatic approach to the unsettling dynamism of the digital technology itself. They/view technology as a tool to serve specific collections-related goals and assess the available technology for its ability to aid or obstruct access and preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Web portal is a convenient way to allow access to electronic resources. However, for a large, geographically dispersed, and mobile user population, it can be difficult to track users' access of the system. Legal liability and the need for valid usage statistics make it important to limit access to legitimate users. The combination of proper access logging and the use of open source software allow the matching of user names to geographic locations. By analyzing geography-based usage patterns, suspicious activity can be identified and corrective actions taken. This paper describes how these techniques were used at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) to better control and monitor user access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to investigate the impact of e-­­dictionaries on Arab students’ translation skills and strategies. To this effect, expressions or sentences including culture-­­specific, idiomatic, collocational, and colloquial expressions as well as syntactic complex structures were given to some Arab translation students at Bahrain University.The results showed a considerable effect of e-­­dictionaries on the strategies the students employed in rendering the given texts. It was found that e-­­dictionaries very often opt for word-­­for-­­word translation and formal (literal) equivalence in search for meanings of lexical elements. More complex structure was found to pose greater challenge to both e-­­dictionaries and students. On the other hand, familiarity with lexical elements made the translation task much easier. The paper concludes with a summary of the problems both e-­­dictionaries and Arab students normally encounter when attempting problematic issues from English into Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we inquire about some of the ways in which the community around Simple Wikipedia - an offspring of Wikipedia, the notorious free online encyclopedia - manages the online collaborative production of reliable knowledge. We focus on how it keeps its collection of articles "simple" and easy to read. We find that the labeling of pages as "unsimple" by core members of the community plays a significant but seemingly insufficient role. We suggest that the nature of this mode of decentralized knowledge production and the structure of Wiki-technology might call for the implementation of an editorial companion to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a detailed (but not comprehensive) review of the use of citation data as checklists for library collection evaluation, the use of this technique for evaluating database content is explained. This paper reports an investigation of the fulltext and indexing and abstracting coverage of Library Literature & Information Science Full Text and EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, based on checking citations to journal articles in the 2004 volumes of Library Resources & Technical Services and Collection Building. Analysis of these citations shows they were predominately to English-language library and information science journals published in the United States, with the majority dating from 2000 to 2004. Library Literature & Information Science Full Text contained 21.1 percent of the citations in full-text format, while the corresponding figure for Academic Search Premier was 16.1 percent. The database coverage also is analyzed by publication date, country of origin, and Library of Congress classification number of cited items. Some limitations to the study are acknowledged, while issues for future research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the evolution of a new e-research paradigm and to outline key projects and developments in Europe, North America, Canada and Australia. The article also provides a detailed summary of the Dataset Acquisition, Accessibility and Annotation e-Research Technology (DART) project. Design/methodology/approach - A review of relevant government reports, documents and general literature was conducted. Findings - Projects currently being conducted in Europe, the USA, Canada and Australia are part of an international movement that aims to use modern ICTs to enhance e-research. The DART project is a significant part of this movement as it has adopted a "whole process" approach to e-research, and provides a platform for the examination of the technical, legal and policy issues that arise in the new e-research environment. Originality/value - Provides an overview of current projects that concern the development of e-research, with a particular focus on Australian research and the DART project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]