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This paper utilizes available data sets and a single translog profit function to examine the performance of dairy farms operating in mountain and lowland areas, respectively. A translog profit model estimates reveal an apparent trend going toward explaining the better economic performance of highland dairy farms stemming from their capability to adjust accurately to underlying changes in the milk market. The empirical analysis finds mostly inelastic price elasticity trends. Translog profit model alleviates the path of understanding in explaining the better economic situation of these high-land dairy farms stemming from their capability to adjust adequately and promptly to ongoing changes in the milk market. Finally, the results of the study could at the same time deliver a new dimension in further debate about CAP post-2020 developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]