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By adopting technology, enhancing productivity, and fostering economic growth in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), owners and managers can improve their innovation management (IM) methods. Owners and managers can optimize their IM approaches in small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) by incorporating technology, improving productivity, and promoting economic growth. Despite heightened knowledge of technology, productivity, and economic growth, IM has not been adequately examined. This study presents a theoretical framework for evaluating the effects of technology, productivity, and economic growth. A quantitative methodology was utilized, and questionnaires were sent to employees in SMEs in Erbil, Iraq. This research involved 260 Iraqi workers, and 242 were analyzed in smart partial least squares. SMEs can address constraints in technology, productivity, and economic growth by implementing these strategies, as indicated by the results. Identifying opportunities for improvement, efficiently allocating resources, and fostering an innovative culture are essential for your company. Technology, productivity, and economic growth have a direct and considerable influence on IM. The technological aspect is the most crucial feature in predicting IM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to show through a theoretical overview that there is an inextricable link between economic growth, technological progress, innovation and intellectual property. This connection has been realized since the dawn of economic science, by economist theorists who, even without mathematical models, and some of them even before a terminological and legal framework covering the matter was created, managed to prove that without innovations and technologization of production and labor skills, it is not possible to achieve sustainable economic growth. The relationship between innovation and economic growth is also depicted through the EC’s innovation development index, where the difference in assessment between the developed economies of the so-called “Western worldˮ and developing, commodity economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental economists have long been interested in the relationship between policy enforcement, technological progress, and economic growth. A multidirectional process exists where factors such as the economy, policy, technology, and environment interactively work. Based on the balanced panel data of 261 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2020, this study innovatively examines the diversified channels in the policy–technology system within the structural equation modeling framework. Conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, the policy uncertainties curb the technological improvement in the water sector, particularly in southern Chinese cities. Second, the incubation and adoption of water technology are closely intertwined, significantly affecting water quality. By clarifying the interaction of the factors in water technology diffusion, this study provides a comprehensive framework to investigate China's water economics and policy uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic and technological development zone (ETDZ) serves an essential role in driving green development and ecological civilization. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of ETDZs on eco-efficiency for sustainable development. This paper investigates the impact of the establishment of ETDZs on eco-efficiency by constructing a differences-in-differences (DID) model on the basis of 253 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the dataset. This paper also explores the possible intrinsic impact mechanisms through the channels of industrial structure and technological innovation by constructing a mediating effect model, and the heterogeneous effects of ETDZs on eco-efficiency from the perspectives of regional imbalance and city class heterogeneity. Statistical results report that ETDZs significantly positively affect eco-efficiency and such effects are most significant in the first year after the establishment of ETDZs. Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are essential role mechanisms for ETDZs to enhance eco-efficiency. Besides, the enhancement effect of ETDZs on eco-efficiency is only observed in the eastern part of the city, with an insignificant inhibitory effect in central and western parts of the cities. However, the establishment of ETDZs in cities with higher city classes is more beneficial to improve eco-efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the impact of technological progress and digitization on Ghana's economy using panel data for the period 2009–2019. Technological progress and economic growth inter-dependency was analyzed in two steps. First, the relation was tested using Augmented Dickey–Fuller method. Second, we estimated the long-run relation between the variables by using Engel Granger and Error Correction models. The results indicate that adopting technology or digitizing the economy has the potential to drive sustainable growth and development. In particular, it was noted that ICT investments drive high productivity rates and faster economic growth. In sum, technological progress and digitization have the potential to foster significant growth and therefore must be given high credence in the planning and designing of development programmes. This paper contributes to development theories on the role that ICT plays in economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the recent growth pattern of the digital world, this paper investigates the impact of technological progress on economic growth based on endogenous technological change models by using patent applications, mobile phone and internet users, research, and development expenditures as an independent variable to economic growth in BRICS-T countries from 2004 to 2018. Panel data set with various tests is used to provide the relationship between the dependent variable (economic growth) and independent variables for these countries. The existence of long-run relationship between economic growth and technological variables concludes that technology usage has significant and positive impact on economic growth in the long term. And it reveals the motivation for governments to adopt specific policies by accelerating investments against the productivity paradox. Based on these empirical findings, further policy implications for economic growth and technological development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the relationship between technological progress and economic growth in Vietnam. This investigation used annual data from the World Bank related to Vietnam from 1985 to 2019 and applied the approach of autoregressive distributed lag to evaluate the impact of technological progress on economic growth in Vietnam in the short and long term. The regression equation constructed in this investigation came from the analysis of the Cobb-Doulag equation and the Solow model. The results of the study showed that GDP per capita is affected by the variables of technological progress in the short and long term, which means that technological progress affects economic growth in Vietnam. This study also contributes to the area of economic growth research in Vietnam with important evidence-based results on the impact of technological progress on GDP per capita, and the findings of this study have several implications for the understanding of the role of technological progress in economic development. The current study is still limited to small sample sizes and does not cover all indicators for analysis; however, it provides the foundation for future investigations with larger sample sizes, and other elements of technological progress are modified and applied in specific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of technological progress in long-term economic growth, with special emphasis on the case of the Republic of North Macedonia. There are two basic postulates serving as starting point of the paper: first, according to the new growth theory, the technological progress has crucial role in the economic gowth and second, one of the main targets of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to foster innovation and R&D of national economies in purpose to boost their transformation in knowledge- based economies as a precondition for sustainable development. The hypothesis of the paper is that the technological progress is positively correlated with the long-run economic growth; this is in accordance with the economic theory. The analyses conducted in the paper are based on secondary data (Eurostat, European Commission, State Statistical Office, World Bank) and in order to confirm or reject the paper's hypothesis an econometrician model has been performed. The main methods used in the paper are statistical method, method of comparison, method of analysis and synthesis. The paper deals with technological progress in the EU and North Macedonia, measured through available data. The findings indicate a positive correlation between the technological progress and the economic growth in the case of EU countries. In the case of the Republic of North Macedonia, the results of the regression analysis confirm the positive and statistically significant impact of R&D on GDP and negative and statistically significant impact of number of persons with tertiary degree on GDP. The findings confirm the main hypothesis of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a systematic assessment of the alleged exceptionality of Malaysia's development progress and its likely explanations, in comparative perspective. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indices of education, health, poverty and gender equality outcomes, we produce evidence based on conditional correlations, offering three findings. First, the results support the hypothesis that Malaysia's human development progress has been exceptional compared with that of countries with a similar level of economic development, primarily for the period 1970–1990. Next, we show that such progress is associated with a combination of income-mediated and support-led mechanisms, including Malaysia's early emphasis on education and health inputs and infrastructure development. Finally, we look at long-term roots of its progress, arguing that early advantage in state capacity may be at the origin of Malaysia's successful implementation of poverty reduction and growth-enhancing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relation between technical progress and economic growth. We build a growth model where the technological change depends on investment in research and development. Growth is determined by the imitation in the first stage of development, then innovation takes place. Assimilation and adaptation of technology produced in more advanced country play a crucial role in technological catch-up, but this imitation requires a precondition, an investment in human capital. The later remains a crucial factor of growth after the catch-up. Government can favour the economic growth facilitating and stimulating the technological change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Bulletin of National Mining University is the property of National Mining University, State Higher Educational Institution and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper considers the impact of state-owned enterprises on economic growth in China. We consider several possible channels through which state-owned enterprises might play a pro-growth role: first, stabilizing growth in economic downturns by carrying out massive investments; second, promoting technical progress by investing in riskier areas of technology; third, by following a high-road approach to treating workers by paying a living wage which is favorable for China to move toward a more sustainable growth model in the future. Our empirical analysis finds that a higher share of state-owned enterprises is favorable to long-run growth and tends to offset the adverse effect of economic downturns on the regional level. JEL Classification : E11, O47, P31 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper formulates a growth model to study the interlinkages among quality of schooling, human capital and technical progress of a stylised developing economy such as India. The simulation results reveal that under the technology regimes of innovation and imitation, the quality of schooling triggers a child quantity–quality trade-off wherein parents invest in educating their children and bear lesser number of children when schooling quality exceeds an endogenously determined threshold. Consequently, the stylised economy reaches a self-sustaining growth path under both the regimes by investing in human capital of the young generation in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the short-term and long-term impacts of economic growth, trade openness and technological progress on renewable energy use in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Based on a panel data set of 25 OECD countries for 43 years, we used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the related intermediate estimators, including pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) to achieve the objective. The estimated ARDL model has also been checked for robustness using the two substitute single equation estimators, these being the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Empirical results reveal that economic growth, trade openness and technological progress significantly influence renewable energy use over the long-term in OECD countries. While the long-term nature of dynamics of the variables is found to be similar across 25 OECD countries, their short-term dynamics are found to be mixed in nature. This is attributed to varying levels of trade openness and technological progress in OECD countries. Since this is a pioneer study that investigates the issue, the findings are completely new and they make a significant contribution to renewable energy literature as well as relevant policy development. • Economic growth, trade openness and technological growth drive renewable energy use. • Long-term dynamics of the variables are found homogenous across the OECD countries. • Short-term dynamics vary as to variation in technological growth and trade openness. • An understanding of variable dynamics is vital for increasing renewable energy use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BH Economics Forum / BH Ekonomski Forum is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Generalization of macroeconomics dynamic model is mean of multipliable influence in different directions of Technological progress on economic growth, connection between production and its intensification on non-production factors, and optimal component criteria for social-economic intensification process. The Spline structure of Production Function is an efficient tool for establishing the dynamics of its parameters, which, in turn, makes it possible to correlate the efficiency of the production factors and their combination with the potential of the intensification factors: scientific-technical, educational, and organizational. Application of ultimate model for creation of aggregate figures' movement, rates and proportions and reaching of social purposes and their dynamic results: prediction of normative genetic consumption demand calculation on a person, public and state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western economies nowadays are confronted with a predicted productivity slowdown resulting in diminishing rates of economic growth. While some scholars see these developments as an indication of the approaching end of growth due to fully exploited technological opportunities, this article contends that the possibilities for radical, paradigm changing innovations are far from being exploited. Building on contributions from Schumpeter and Georgescu-Roegen, we argue that the human capacity to expand technological and intellectual frontiers must not be underestimated. In a selective retrospect, our narrative identifies and describes four historical incidents reflecting different perceptions of the power of the human mind. It synthesizes the mentioned economists' viewpoints with the effects of these incidents to reproduce the intellectual roots of the recently developed concept of Dedicated Innovation Systems (DIS).We conclude that traditional macro-level indicators are not suitable to capture transformation processes, which is why we propose to interpret growth indicators and the alleged productivity slowdown quite differently. We argue that human ingenuity and transformation processes dedicated to sustainability will open up new opportunity spaces, thereby combining an increase in economic welfare and social justice with a reduction of negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper surveys recent research on the macroeconomic implications of demographic and technological changes. Lower fertility and increasing longevity have implications on the age population structure and, therefore, on the balance between savings and investment. Jointly with meagre productivity growth, this implies a low natural rate of interest that conditions the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies, especially in a world of high debt. New technological changes (robots, artificial intelligence, automation) may increase productivity growth but at the risk of having disruptive effects on employment and wages. The survey highlights the main mechanism by which demographic and technological changes, considered both individually and in conjunction, affect per capita growth and other macroeconomic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of economic growth and the association of environmental degradation on economies' technological change and technological catch-up. Using a conditional nonparametric frontier analysis to a sample of 73 economies over the time period 1980–2014, empirical evidence of the examined relationship is provided both under full and partial frontiers in the constant and variable returns to scale (VRS) models. Specifically, the newly proposed time-dependent conditional nonparametric frontier estimators have been applied. In our case the time-dependent conditional efficiency estimators allow us to model directly the effects of growth and time on economies' estimated performance without requiring any specification of the production functional form and without assuming the separability condition between time, economic growth and the support of inputs and outputs. The overall results reveal that the efficiency results of full and partial frontiers tend to lead to the same results, except in the cases of full VRS models where energy use and carbon dioxide emissions are incorporated as an additional input and output, respectively. The results demonstrate that countries with a higher environmental efficiency are those that have signed the first agreement between nations (Kyoto Protocol) to mandate country-by-country reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions, while countries that have not signed are relatively inefficient. Ultimately, the empirical findings also suggest that the effect of economic growth is determined by economies' development stage and geographical region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the complex interrelationship between economic growth and the urban–rural income inequality in China by estimating a simultaneous equation system. This study uses a panel data-set that covers 29 provinces from 1988 to 2007, and compares the earlier period with the later period. It finds a robust and positive impact of the rural surplus labor on urban–rural inequality, which is consistent with Lewis’ dual economy theory. Economic growth is found to aggravate the urban–rural inequality in the earlier period, but there is no hard evidence in the later period. This implies that China has not yet, or at least by 2007, entered the second stage of the Kuznets curve. We also find no robust evidence on the impact of the inequality on growth in either period, but find robust evidence on the impact of both foreign direct investment and exports on the increasing inequality during the earlier period, whereas no significant impact in the later period is found. Finally, the spread of education reduced the inequality in the earlier period, but no such impact is robust in the later period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the literature on export-led growth models differences in income elasticities of demand for imports and exports among countries bring about different degrees of external constraint on growth. However, there is not in this literature an explanation that uses the Evolutionary concept of National Innovation System (NIS) that shows why there are differences in income elasticities among countries. Moreover, there is not a consensus about the exogenicity of the elasticities. Some authors highlight the high level of income elasticity of demand for exports in sectors with high level of technological intensity. However these authors seem to not explain the motive for this. The aim of this paper is to theoretically show the causal relation between an economy's NIS, its income elasticities and its Current Account performance. It also aims to show the role of NIS in the exogeinicity/endogeinicity of the income elasticities. Empirical evidence and a Granger Causality Test are presented and do not reject the core argument of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy and green innovation are important to a country's economic progress, but the externalities of increased pollution as a result of a rise in energy used and economic growth must not be overlooked. Within the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) framework, this study aims to check empirically the effect of environment-related technologies (ERT), coal consumption (CC), economic growth (EG), and population density (PD) on the consumption-based CO 2 emissions (CCO 2e) in the BRICS (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, & South Africa), as with fast economic progress BRICS is facing problems of CO 2 emission. The econometric techniques of the cross-sectional dependence test, slope heterogeneity test, and second-generation panel unit root test were used to check the nature of the data. The available balance data over the period 1985–2018 were analyzed via Driscoll and Kraay and a dynamic common correlated effect mean group (DCCEMG). Long-term empirical findings show that ERT has a negative impact on the CCO 2e , while per capita GDP and CC have a positive impact on CCO 2e. Empirical evidence recommends that ERT is important for BRICS countries' long-term sustainability. It is suggested that policymakers should encourage ERT that help in curbing their CO 2 emanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In achieving the "double carbon" target, the emission trading system (ETS), as a key market-based emission reduction mechanism, assumes the responsibility of addressing climate change and implementing reform. Most studies focus only on the emission reduction effects of green policy, but weighing the relationship between emission reduction and development is a practical dilemma to be faced. Taking China's pilot ETS as an example, this problem was analyzed using the synthetic control method, and the specific impact channels are discussed. It was found that: (1) Carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity in the pilot ETS areas of Tianjin, Hubei and Chongqing decreased significantly, and economic growth has progressed to a certain extent. Robustness tests basically verified the effectiveness of the policy implementation. (2) The pilot ETS mainly has an impact through the transformation and upgrading, and technological innovation channels, promoting significant improvements in energy structure, industrial structure, energy efficiency and the number of patent applications. This study releases a positive signal for the compatibility of emission reduction and economic development goals at the national level for China's pilot ETS. • The pilot ETS significantly reduced carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity. • The pilot ETS promoted economic growth to some extent. • Transformation and upgrading, and technological innovation are the influencing channel. • The SCM method can synthesize the "ideal" control unit to evaluate the policy effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of gross capital formation on the economic growth of the CEMAC sub-region. It draws inspiration from the endogenous growth model. Data for the study is collected from the World Bank Development Indicators. The estimation technique used for this study is the Generalized Least Square estimation technique. The results show that private investment has a significant positive association with economic growth. This is also the case of technical progress and infrastructural development. On the contrary, labour force tends to affect negatively economic growth in this sub-region. This suggests that countries of the sub region need to implement realistic employment policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate whether natural disasters enhance efficiency improvement, capital accumulation and technological progress. Further, this paper examines whether the influence of naturals disasters depends on the legal origin. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, by using long-term panel data, this paper decomposes productivity growth measured by the growth of output per labor unit into three components of efficiency improvement, capital accumulation and technological progress. Findings – After controlling for countries' specific unobservable characteristics and year-specific effects, the paper found that impacts of natural disasters vary according to specification. However, the natural disasters enhance capital accumulation and technological progress for non-French legal origin countries, while the disasters have no effect on them for French legal origin countries. Originality/value – The role played by natural disasters on capital accumulation and Schumpeterian creative destruction depends on historical institutional conditions. Hence, it is important to consider the interaction between exogenous shock and institutions when examining economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theoretical methods by Feenstra and others, this paper applies the empirical panel data of years 2000-2007 to measure the growth of China's provincial import and export for both extensive and intensive margins. Extensive margin reflecting the level of variety becomes a significant factor for China's export and is slightly higher than intensive margin. The empirical results indicate that emerging industrial countries have gradually become the important new markets for China's export variety. As for the variables affecting variety growth, trade barriers are found to play a dominant role as invisible constraints, and small and medium enterprises contribute significantly to variety growth, while foreign investment and market-oriented reforms have become the driving force. Moreover, trade variety has been identified as the third factor of economic growth, in addition to the two traditional factors (capital and labor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we model the Schumpeterian growth theory in a simple discrete-time framework in which both economies and institutions need to be developed. Individuals need to borrow from an imperfect financial market to develop an economy. A government can adopt two potential strategies for improving the borrowing capacity of individuals and, as a result, enhancing economic performance: 'the rule of law' and 'industrial policies'. We interpret market-oriented reform in transition economies as a shift from 'industrial policies', exemplified at the extreme by the traditional planned economy, to 'the rule of law'. The presented model shows that both strategies could be the best choice at different stages of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cognitive ability theory claims that peoples’ competences are decisive for economic wealth. For a large number of countries have published data on mean intelligence levels and compared them to wealth and productivity indicators. The correlation between intelligence and wealth was supported by studies done by different authors using different countries and controls. Based on their pioneering research two research questions were developed: does intelligence lead to wealth or does wealth lead to intelligence or are other determinants involved? If a nation’s intelligence increases wealth, how does intelligence achieve this? To answer them we need longitudinal studies and theoretical attempts, investigating cognitive ability effects at the levels of individuals, institutions and societies and examining factors which lie between intelligence and growth. Two studies, using a cross-lagged panel design or latent variables and measuring economic liberty, shares of intellectual classes and indicators of scientific-technological accomplishment, show that cognitive ability leads to higher wealth and that for this process the achievement of high ability groups is important, stimulating growth through scientific-technological progress and by influencing the quality of economic institutions. In modernity, wealth depends on cognitive resources enabling the evolution of cognitive capitalism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study focused on the effects of technological progress and productivity on economic growth in Uganda within the, 1971 – 2009 period. The study found out that growth in technological progress resulted in economic growth, whereas increase in either capital productivity or labor productivity gave rise to reduction in economic growth within the aforementioned period. Capital productivity or labor productivity could have caused reduction in economic growth because labor productivity growth might have caused workers to enjoy more leisure instead of working more or growth in capital productivity could have made capital more efficient and resulted in more idle capacity; thus causing depletion of output through reduction in the capital or labor used in production. Theoretical models developed were empirically tested after transforming them into the relevant econometric models. The relevant variables were simulated from annual disposable income, annual real GDP and annual investment expenditures using the celebrated Cobb-Douglas production function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The high performing East Asian development model sparked controversies in the academia: its success was ascribed alternatively to nation-states, markets, and sociocultural factors. This paper undertakes a comparative assessment of the last two generations of submodels, i.e. ASEAN-4 and China, by quantifying and interpreting their total factor productivity (TFP) using the Solow Model. Results show that capital accumulation was their major growth driver before the beginning of the millennium. Subsequently growth is led by technical change in ASEAN-32, and capital inputs respectively in late industrialising economies, i.e., China and the Philippines. The main differences between the two submodels consist in levels in growth rates and technical progress contributions, which are strongly sped up in China by transition and integration in global production networks. For ASEAN-4 average null or negligible TFP values in the 1990s point to structural vulnerabilities that surface during the Asian fi nancial crisis. ASEAN-3's recovery is led by technical change though. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Laspeyres index decomposition model is applied to analyze the contribution of technical progress and industrial structure to the energy saving from 1995 to 2007, and the energy saving potential of the Yangtze River Delta were calculated and compared, the results show that: economic growth was a major factor influencing energy consumption growth, and its average effect up to 62.14%; technical progress and structural changes largely alleviated the energy demand growth with an annual average contribution by 37.85%. Technical progress effect which showed a decreasing trend year by year is much more than the industrial adjustment that had volatility trends; a significant regional difference exists in the energy-saving effects of technical progress and structural change, the energy saving potential of technical progress was much greater than the role of industrial adjustment. Finally, the article gives some suggestions on industrial structure adjustment, energy technology progress, regional energy optimization, etc. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article considers relation which is established between education, human capital and economic growth. The goal of the article is to show concrete suggestions in relation to the influence of education on raising the living standard, based on up-to-date researches. Education istself represents one of the primary components in human capital formation, which is an important factor in modeling the endogenous production functions. The more important the component of human capital in modeling the economic growth is, the more significant the influence for using the technical progress achievements is. Human capital is of essential importance for achieving the sustainable growth rates for developed countries, but the greatest contribution is accomplished through the investment in quantity and quality of primary and secondary education for developing countries. On the quality of the education system depends formation of the human capital that is an important factor and supposition of the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the inverted-U shape relationship between economic growth and inequality found in Chen (2003) is re-examined. We decompose productivity growth into efficiency improvement, capital accumulation and technological progress and then ascertain their determinants by employing fixed effects and dynamic panel models. In particular, this paper focuses on the question of how economic inequality affects capital accumulation and efficiency improvement. Key findings are that inequality enhances efficiency improvement as well as capital accumulation and then undermines them as inequality widens. However, other factors such as human capital, openness and government consumption have different effects on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation is understood in portions of academia and sometimes acknowledged in political circles. Nevertheless, there is not a unified response. In political and policy circles, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is posited to solve the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection. In academia, however, the EKC has been deemed fallacious in macroeconomic scenarios and largely irrelevant to biodiversity. A more compelling response to the conflict is that it may be resolved with technological progress. Herein I review the conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation in the absence of technological progress, explore the prospects for technological progress to reconcile that conflict, and provide linguistic suggestions for describing the relationships among economic growth, technological progress, and biodiversity conservation. The conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics and principles of ecology such as trophic levels and competitive exclusion. In this biophysical context, the human economy grows at the competitive exclusion of nonhuman species in the aggregate. Reconciling the conflict via technological progress has not occurred and is infeasible because of the tight linkage between technological progress and economic growth at current levels of technology. Surplus production in existing economic sectors is required for conducting the research and development necessary for bringing new technologies to market. Technological regimes also reflect macroeconomic goals, and if the goal is economic growth, reconciliatory technologies are less likely to be developed. As the economy grows, the loss of biodiversity may be partly mitigated with end-use innovation that increases technical efficiency, but this type of technological progress requires policies that are unlikely if the conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation (and other aspects of environmental protection) is not acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic growth is a current problem, even if the germs of the theoretic debate on this theme are not very current, because of a paradox phenomenon referring to the fact that the wealth of the world (expressed under different forms) grows spectacularly and some significant parts of the population live under the poverty threshold. We would like to present in this paper the main determiners of the economic growth or development, and to shortly analyze the representative theories, to outline the reference points from the reference theory and practice as well as the basic calculation coordinates and the empirical estimation of the economic growth. All these may form an analysis model for the growth from a competitive market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article first estimates Cobb-Douglas production functions for Vietnam's economy using annual data in 1975–2003. Then, the article measures the contribution of capital formation, labour, and technological progress to the growth of the economy, the effects of major internal and external shocks on output, the impact of economic reforms (doi moi) since the end of 1986, the rates of returns to capital and labour. Two major findings are: (1) technological progress was statistically absent in the growth of the Vietnamese economy throughout the study period; (2) the most important source of economic growth is capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a simple general equilibrium model of economic performance through time. The model incorporates four main determinants of economic performance: technology, capital investment, the division of labor and quality of institutions. It demonstrates that growth is not automatic even with technological progress. In order to maintain economic growth, it is important to continuously implement new technologies through capital investment. It also shows that institutional improvement promotes the social division of labor, which is an independent source of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of the circular economy (CE), a model promoting the cyclical use of resources, and Industry 4.0, an intelligent-based approach to manufacturing, is expected to achieve sustainability. Finding the most suitable path for technological progress and structural change to promote economic growth is the key to adopting Industry 4.0 technologies and successfully transforming to a CE, and thus, key to China achieving sustainable development quickly. This study identifies the joint effects of energy- and environment-biased technological progress and multi-dimensional industrial structural change on economic growth, and empirically verifies the specific effects within China. Our results are as follows. First, pollution abatement technological progress, backstop technological progress and autogenous structural ecologicalization are the main drivers of sustainable economic growth. Second, innovation policies have a positive impact on national economic growth by promoting pollution abatement technological progress. Finally, in sub-regions' regression, backstop and environment technology, and structural ecologicalization promote eastern China's economy, while policies drive environment technological progress and structural ecologicalization to stimulate economic growth in central and western China. Our results imply that policymakers should take into consideration the readiness levels of each region regarding the adoption of Industry 4.0 and circular economy, and that the government should consider and ensure the participation of all stakeholders, including firms. • Focus on the economy's driving forces under Industry 4.0 and circular economy. • Environment and new-energy technological progress promote economic growth in China. • Innovation policy drives economic growth by inducing biased technological progress. • Backstop and environment technological progress benefit eastern and central China. • Industrial policy works well on structural ecologicalization and regional economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation has generated much interest among scholars, practitioners, and policymakers as a critical instrument for achieving sustainable development. Although the relationship between technological innovation and sustainable development has been extensively discussed in the academic and policy circles, little studies have empirically examined the simultaneous impact of technological innovation on the three pillars of sustainable development. To fill this gap, the present study examines the ability of technological innovation to simultaneously promote economic progress and advance social and environmental conditions in the case of 75 low-, middle-, and high-income countries by demonstrating how this impact differs across the stages of economic development. From both long-run estimates and causality analysis, our findings reveal that technological innovation contributes simultaneously to the three pillars of sustainable development only in the case of rich countries; however, it only affects the economic and environmental dimensions in the middle-income countries, and no impact is found in the case of low-income countries. Future research directions, policy and managerial implications are also discussed. • Impact of technological innovation (TI) on sustainable development (SD) is examined. • We find that TI contributes to the three pillars of SD only in the rich countries. • TI only affects the economic and environmental pillars in middle-income countries. • No impact is found in the case of low-income countries. • Impact of TI on SD differs across the stages of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Verify the inverted-U between environmental regulation and economic growth. • Economic development of the Yangtze River Delta shows a good interactive pattern. • Environmental regulation and economic development display good interaction pattern. • The impact mechanisms are the innovation and the resource consumption effects. • The economic integration of the Yangtze River Delta is in an orderly manner. The Yangtze River Delta region is a representative region for the development of China's urban agglomerations. This study explores the inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2002–2010 using the spatial panel data model. After the introduction of instrumental variables, the U-shaped curve is still robust, which is the theoretical value of this paper. The research verifies that technological innovation and resource consumption are important mechanisms for environmental regulation to influence economic growth. Cities in the Yangtze River Delta region have good interaction patterns in environmental regulation, economic development, technological innovation and resource consumption. Economic integration development is at a good level and can provide valuable experience for the development of other urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the growing literature regarding the role of Information and Communication Technologies as well as Innovation on driving the level of carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in context of the 21st conference of the Parties to the Climate convention (COP21). Drawing the data from 13 selected G-20 countries (including Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States) during the period of 15 years, our study achieves significant results. First, only five factors impede the carbon emissions namely energy price, foreign direct investment, technology, spending on innovation and trade openness while the remainder of determinants contribute to contamination of environment, including financial development. Second, when it comes to economic growth, information and communication technological and financial development are positive driving factors. Our results do reject the absence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) from our sample. Finally, our study empirically suggests that the work of controlling consumption of oil and environmentally friendly process including manufacture-trading in these economies will limit the amount of pollution. • GDP per capita, energy consumption and financial development lead to an increase in CO2 emissions. • The effects of FDI, trade openness, and oil prices on CO2 emissions are negative following the pollution-halo hypothesis. • There is a negative relationship between ICT, innovation and CO 2 emissions in these selected G20 countries. • To some extent, measures of ICTs and financial development tend to boost the economic growth in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roman Empire experienced both extensive and intensive economic growth. This article first surveys the role of technology in that process, engaging with recent literature on intensive growth under Malthusian constraints. It goes on to investigate the difference in technological progress between the Roman Empire and medieval Europe. It argues that political fragmentation explains why medieval Europe was more innovative than the Roman world, invoking a comparison with imperial China to complement the analysis. The technological success of China under the Tang and Song shows that political fragmentation is not a precondition for progress. However, Roman emperors never invested in the practical application of useful knowledge, the way Chinese rulers did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]