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This research deals with the program of the National Initiative for Human Development, a social project aim to improving the standard of living of Moroccans by fighting poverty, combating social exclusion, supporting income-generating activities, caring for women, children and people in difficult situations. The study examines the impact of the National Initiative for Human Development on Moroccan economic growth from 2006 to 2017, which is the period that combines the first and second phases of this program. Literature Reviews that dealt with the relationship between human development and economic growth were also highlighted. Secondary data was used based on World Bank reports in this regard, and the investment budget for the National Initiative for Human Development was based on reports of the National Coordination of the Initiative (Moroccan Ministry of Interior). By error correction model, it was found that there is a long-term positive relationship between investment in the national initiative for human development (INDH) and Moroccan gross domestic product (GDP). The conclusion from this relationship is that strengthening the role of the national initiative, as a tool for economic and social reform will positively affect GDP and the Moroccan economy in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Understanding the factors that influence a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is essential for policymakers and stakeholders in decisionmaking and policy development related to economic growth. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of population growth, households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure, exports of goods and services, net trade in goods and services, and merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within the region on GDP. A quantitative approach was adopted in this research, using data from various sources such as government statistics and international organizations. The data was analyzed using panel data regression analysis with the Eviews application. The results of the study are found to be statistically significant and provide valuable insights into the factors that impact GDP. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and stakeholders in decision-making and policy development related to economic growth. By understanding the influence of population growth, household consumption, exports, trade, and merchandise exports on GDP, policymakers can develop targeted policies and strategies to promote economic growth and development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does a country need good institutions to use tourism as an economic development activator? From a sample of non-organisation for economic co-operation and development countries, this article aims to assess the feasibility of tourism-led growth in different institutional settings. The results not only suggest that a tourism shock is good for gross domestic product growth but that inclusive institutions enhance the ability of a country to convert tourism into growth. It also emphasises that beyond tourism that remains a major transmission channel for growth, inclusive countries largely benefit from growth in their neighbouring countries. They are more able to import economic growth from abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Theory and practice suggest that entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth. The speed with which a nation moves from economic growth to economic development depends on the performance of entrepreneurial initiatives. Given the role played by entrepreneurship for the development of an economy, increasing its performance can help the development of national markets and the increase in national competitiveness. The main objective of our paper is to investigate the link between entrepreneurial performance and economic development of countries. The research was carried out on a sample of 27 European Union countries in a period of twelve years. We used panel data regression models. As dependent variables for expressing the economic development, we considered the global competitiveness index and the gross domestic product per capita growth. As independent variables, we used a set of indicators measuring entrepreneurial performance. Our findings highlight the significant role played by increased entrepreneurial performance for enhancing the economic development of EU countries. We also find that some indicators expressing entrepreneurial performance might have different effects on the economy depending on the stage of economic development of countries. Our research provides empirical evidence regarding the need for performant entrepreneurial activities for enhancing economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of financial development and trade openness on economic growth were investigated using annual data for Turkey over the period 1960–2017. The financial development variable is represented as the ratio of financial system deposits to GDP. The trade openness variable is represented as the ratio of the sum of exports and imports of goods and services to GDP. To examine the long-run relationship between financial development, trade openness and economic growth; Fourier-based stationarity test and its complementary Fourier-based cointegration test are used. Finally, Fourier-based causality tests are also used to examine the causality relationship between the variables. As a result of cointegration tests, a long-term cointegration relationship was found between variables. According to the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis results, it is seen that there is a one-way causality relationship from financial development to economic growth and from financial development to trade openness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of economic development and economic growth is to implement national policies that can serve the multidimensional problems of society, but also to assess the possible effects that the implemented policies will have on the prospects of progressivity. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the fact that the general well-being of the population is perfectly intertwined with the objectives of growth and economic development, being a timely topic to address in this research. Development does not only involve GDP growth, but also exceeds this level, towards a qualitative change in society's plans, which translates into ensuring the well-being of the population. This research aims to highlight the fact that economic development is the expansion beyond the gross domestic product, through changes that refer to people's quality of life, in the long run and in which the elements characteristic of economic growth become fundamental elements of development. In this context, this research will delineate the policies needed to ensure development, in parallel with a growing economic level, considering that not only income-based fiscal policies are needed, but also subjective population-centred policies that take into account, not only economic but also social conditions, which contribute to the quality of life. The methodology was based on the study of specialized literature, so that the research results to end with a comprehensive definition of the well-being of society. Through this qualitative research, this paper adds value to the literature, highlighting the fact that growth and development are promoters of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital stock is possessing pivotal importance in stimulating the economic growth and development of any country. Inward FDI is considered as one of the important catalysts of economic development particularly for the resource and capital poor countries. In this article we have examined the relationship between inward FDI and economic growth in case of one of the emerging economies of Latin America i.e., Brazil. We took annual time series data for the dependent and independent variables like inward FDI, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, capital formation, and exports for the period ranging from 1996 to 2019. We ran Ordinary Least Square Regression and Random Effect Regression Analysis for gauging the nature of relationship between the variables as well as for testing the robustness of the results. We found that FDI has a positive and significant relationship with GDP and the exports. Whereas, FDI has insignificant relationship with the employment and capital formation. The article holds an important policy implication for the other developing countries of Latin America; they need to attract good amount of inward FDI to achieve the robust economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide aggregate macroeconomic evidence on how, in the long run, a diverse degree of complexity in production may affect not only the rate of economic growth, but also the correlation between the latter, population growth and the monopolistic (intermediate) markups. For a sample of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, we find that the impact of population change on economic growth is slightly positive. According to our theoretical model, this implies that the losses due to more complexity in production are lower than the corresponding specialization gains. Using a finite mixture model, we also classify the countries in the sample and verify for each cluster the impact that the population growth rate and the intermediate sector's markups exert on the 5-year average real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare of the population and investment are known to be drivers of economic growth. The paper explores the concept of economic growth and the development of determinants of this economic phenomenon. Since the beginning of the 20th century, economic models based on the premise that investment factors lead to the growth of a nation have been widely used. Since GDP is a quantitative indicator that allows making conclusions about a country's economic growth, this paper studies GDP dynamics in Ukraine, compared to other regions, and identifies its link with the FDI. The article analyzes the dynamics of direct foreign investments on regional and global scales, and compares them with trends in world gross product changes, which is a direct expression of a region's growth status. To test our hypothesis on the interrelation between GDP and macroeconomic indicators such as FDI, inflation index, and discount rate, we conducted panel studies using data from Ukraine, Georgia, Serbia, and Romania. The findings suggest that foreign direct investments constitute one of the sources of a country's GDP growth and, therefore, it can be considered an important determinant of a country's economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of floods and the role of financial development on per capita gross state domestic product (GSDP) growth, controlling for growth-enhancing factors across Indian states. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the pooled mean group (PMG) method using state-level panel data for 19 Indian states over the period 1981-2011. Findings: The PMG estimate shows that floods negatively affect the per capita GSDP growth in the long run. The results show that the mean of economic losses, the population affected and the area affected by floods increase by 10 per cent, leading to a decline in per capita GSDP growth by 0.0303, 0.0633 and 0.0232 per cent, respectively, in the long run. Furthermore, the population affected by floods exerts a higher adverse impact on the per capita GSDP growth compared to other flood measures. The results further show that states with better financial development experience a higher per capita GSDP growth, supported by additional capital expenditure, enrolment in higher education, better road infrastructure and higher urbanization. The crime rate is negatively correlated with per capita GSDP growth. Originality/value: The results based on PMG estimates suggest that not only floods but also crime activities adversely affect the per capita GSDP growth across Indian states. Better financial market increases the per capita GSDP growth in the long run. This study not only contributes to empirical growth literature but also provides some useful policy suggestions. Moreover, the results lead to the conclusion that long-term flood management policies are essential to mitigate the adverse impact of floods on per capita GSDP growth across Indian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies have investigated the relationship between financial sector development and economic growth; however, the impact of bank profitability on economic growth is still unclear. We investigate the link between bank profitability and economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region over the period 2004-2014. Using the system GMM estimator, our findings suggest that a profitable banking sector is a prerequisite for economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region and that the impact of bank profitability on economic growth is more prominent in small banking sectors. Perhaps surprisingly, we found that the bank size has a negative impact on GDP growth, with the influence of bank profitability on economic growth reducing as the size of the banking sector increases. Our results also show that the impact of profitability on economic growth is much larger in developed economies compared to small emerging and large emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors revealed the concepts of development and economic growth, economic sustainability and quality of life. The authors determined and analyzed in dynamics the period 2010-2018, the trend of changing indicators, development and economic growth at the macroeconomic level such as: the value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, and the dynamics of the average monthly nominal salary of an employee per economy, disposable incomes per person, their structure and socio-economic indicators that characterize the quality level of the age of the population in the Republic of Moldova. Although there are modest increases in the number of nominated indicators, the authors consider that there are still a number of issues that need to be addressed, solved and complied with EU and other international standards. The research contains data that will surely be of interest to those concerned with the quality of life of the population. In essence, research in the field of quality of life aims at creating a complex image of quality of life, by analyzing different components of population's life. The following research procedures and methods have been applied in the research process: observation method, comparison, graphical method, table method, chronological series method, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the dynamics of financial development and economic growth in the Euro area as these countries went through considerably higher levels of financial development. Using a balanced panel data of 38 years from 1980 to 2018, we offer new evidence on the finance–growth nexus. We show the presence of non‐linearity as there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between finance and growth in the long run. Estimating the thresholds in the finance–growth nexus, we notice a threshold effect at 74%–86% of GDP for domestic credit; 51% of GDP for stock turnover ratio; and 65% of GDP for stock market capitalisation. We notice that exceeding the threshold causes deceleration in economic growth as too much finance results in crowding out effect for productive economic activities. The panel Granger causality test results show that financial development should be associated with optimal growth performance. These findings in the Euro area provide some useful policy implications to the emerging and developing economies in designing their financial development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to study the inter-relationship between economic development and human development indicators for a selected countries (Jordan, Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain) by using two stage least Square Test. The results of the test showed that there is a causality relation between the economic development and human development. We found economic development has clear effect on human development indicators in the selected Arab countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study probes the causal relationship between economic growth and tourism development in Tajikistan from 2002 to 2017. Data for the gross domestic product (GDP) and tourism receipts were obtained from World Data Atlas. To test the data stationarity, this study employs the unit root test followed by a cointegration test to check whether there is a long-run relationship between GDP and tourism receipts. Furthermore, the Granger causality test was used to check the direction of the relationship between tourism development and economic growth. The findings of the study confirm a long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth in Tajikistan. Moreover, the Granger causality test results showed a unidirectional relationship between two variables running from GDP growth to tourism development. The upshot from the results substantiates economic-led tourism growth in Tajikistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the relationship of the autonomous recession of the Russian economy with an established model of economic growth based on raw material export; the system flaws, distortions and contradictions of the Russian economy have been shown, making the mentioned model of GDP growth unsuitable for solving large-scale problems of the modern age. The authors substantiate the necessity of the transition of the Russian economy to a new type of economic development of the neo-industrial type. An evaluation of the quality of economic growth in Russia of the 2000s from the perspective of the criteria for sustainable and inclusive development has been undertaken. A macro model of the innovation system of a particular subject of the Russian Federation has been built, which allows judging the dynamics and intensity of innovation processes in the regional economy, disparities in the regional innovation system development. A series of measures is proposed, aimed at creating a neo-industrial model of development of Russia, the key ones being: development of a competitive innovative business environment, widespread and effective use of innovative cluster technologies, a radical transformation of the investment policy of the Russian enterprises, effective regulation of social and labor potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We argue that women's political empowerment (WPE) should enhance economic growth, by facilitating technological innovation. • We find robust evidence that WPE is positively related to subsequent GDP per capita growth, across 182 countries and 221 years. • The estimated relationship is sizeable: Improvements in WPE correspond to large long-runs gains in economic development. • Consistent with our proposed mechanism, WPE is also robustly related to total factor productivity growth, a proxy for technological change We investigate whether and how women's political empowerment relates to technological change, the main driver of long-term economic growth. We argue that three aspects of empowerment – descriptive representation, civil liberties protection, and civil society participation – advance technological change and thereby economic growth through (a) increasing the number and variability of new ideas introduced in the economy and (b) improving the selection of more efficient ideas. Drawing on data from 182 countries and 221 years, we test various implications from our argument. Women's political empowerment is positively related to subsequent economic growth. This relationship persists across various model specifications and when accounting for different potential confounders. The three sub-components of empowerment are also, individually, related to growth, although not as strongly as the aggregated concept. The relationship is retained across different contexts, but is clearer for "Non-Western" countries and in earlier time periods. We also find evidence that women's political empowerment enhances technological change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doubts have been raised about the benefits to an economy with high rates of GDP growth without at the same time accounting for distributional effects. This difference arises from the emphasis by some on the mean income, while others are concerned with the distribution around the mean. This paper assesses the per capita income that would be needed, if income were equally distributed to reach the same level of welfare, which is available from current distribution of the per capita GDP. This approach allows for the combination of both growth and distribution in ranking the success of some Latin American countries in their attempt to raise the living standard of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been shown in prior research that increased economic growth reduces poverty. Authors have also found that the effect of growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on poverty growth has either diminished or remained unchanged over time, and economic expansion in the 1980s in the United States had no affect on poverty. Using a formal error-correction model, we find that increases in economic growth are significantly related to reductions in the poverty rate for all families. Specifically, GDP growth was found to have a more pronounced effect on poverty during the expansionary periods of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Other findings include identification of determinants of the dynamic behavior of poverty rates both in the year- to-year periods and over the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzed the relationship between financial development, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and energy prices in Azerbaijan by employing time series data for the time span of 1993–2015. The autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) technique was applied in empirical estimations, because it performs better than all the alternative techniques in small samples, which was the case here in this article. The results of estimation found that there is a positive and statistically significant influence of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy consumption, whereas the prices of energy proxied by CPI have an adverse impact on renewable energy consumption in Azerbaijan. Also, estimation results demonstrated that a 1% rise in financial development, proxied by domestic credit as a percentage of GDP, and economic growth increase renewable energy consumption by 0.16% and 0.60%, respectively. The different financial development impacts on renewable energy consumption and related policy implications were also introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]