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In this paper, through regression analysis the effect of the insurance sector on the economic growth and the capital market in N. Macedonia was analyzed for the period 2014-2022. The main variables used in the analysis were GDP, Stock Market Capitalization, Bond Market Capitalization and Assets of Insurance Companies. Hence, considering the participation of 1.54% of the insurance sector in the N. Macedonian GDP, as well as the asset allocation of the insurance companies, the obtained results were according to the expectations. On one hand, the insurance companies showed negative effect on GDP, which may be due to the very low participation in the total GDP, but they showed positive effect on the stock market capitalization. Additionally, bidirectional causality with positive effect was determined between the GDP and Stock Market Capitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017, a linear regression model, and a threshold model to conduct empirical analyses of the impact of the digital economy on China’s overall economic growth and the three main sectors of industry. The paper then investigates the impact and effects the digital economy has had on the economic growth of the three main sectors of industry in China’s eastern, central, and western regions. Finally, the paper investigates the most significant differences among the various regions and the threshold effects of urbanization levels on the relationship between the digital economy and economic growth. The findings indicate a significantly positive correlation between the digital economy and regional economic growth. Moreover, geographical factors notably influence this correlation. The digital economy exerts a positive effect on all sectors of industry. It may not substantially impact industrial development in regions with highly developed infrastructure. Regarding the other regions, the digital economy exhibits varying degrees of impact due to the differences in the specific indicators. The conclusion drawn by the threshold model is that the magnitude of the threshold effect correlates with geographic factors. No threshold effect was observed in the eastern region, while the threshold effect occurred in the central region when the urbanization levels for the provinces were below 0.6645. Similarly, the threshold effect was noted in the western region when the urbanization level was below 0.3931. Considering all of this, the study also offers policy recommendations that will help balance the regional development of digital economies, accelerate the digital transformation of traditional industries, enhance digital infrastructure construction, refine the formulation and implementation of data policy, and establish relevant incentive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers China's economic development and place in the world economy. The People's Republic of China is becoming the most powerful country in the world in terms of GDP. Nowadays, China is an important partner in world trade both as an exporter and importer. Thus far, the United States has been the leading force in managing and coordinating the global economic and especially financial system, but now the economically advancing socialist China is a challenge to the USA. The Chinese model, socialism with Chinese characteristics, is discussed and compared with earlier stages of socialist construction, e.g. the NEP experiment of Soviet Union. The paper ends with notes about environmental and ecological problems, stressing the importance of socialist answers to these challenges. In this regard there are encouraging aspects in the current political program of the Chinese leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early papers found empirical support for a natural resource curse—the notion that exporting natural resources is detrimental to economic growth. Later papers, using reportedly improved econometric models and data, largely reversed these early findings by estimating that natural resources improve economic performance. However, this changing coefficient on natural resource dependence over time may not only be a function of model or data quality. Masked by this evolution in the economics literature is the possibility that the fundamental relationship between natural resources and economic performance has changed over the past several decades. This paper sheds a new perspective on the substantial resource curse literature by repeatedly estimating a single econometric model on data that evolve over time. The coefficient on natural resource dependence is estimated to steadily increases with the passage of time from a value that is negative and significant (for 1970, the basis for much of the early literature) to a positive and significant value a few decades later. Whatever natural resource estimated initially with data from 1970 seems to have evolved into a resource blessing over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze how the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) contributes to economic growth and development in South Africa. It argues that the 4IR is a pathway to achieve economic growth and development. Although much emphasis from the literature indicates the negative impact of the 4IR on human development, this paper brings to light that the 4IR is an engine to the headway of economic development. To get the expected results, desktop research is used, covering South Africa as an area of focus. Hence, it adopted a literature-based methodology that relies on the use of existing literature to critique the role of the 4IR in enhancing economic development. It reveals that the 4IR is detrimental to human development, however, it can be used as a catalyst for economic growth and development. It thus recommends that the 4IR must be fully embraced by both government and private sector for the betterment of economic development and business growth amongst others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The causal relationship between economic growth and defence spending has attracted considerable attention and has been the subject of many empirical studies. Hoping to contribute to the existing pool of literature, this paper examines the relationship between military expenditure and growth in the case of Cyprus, a small island economy, for the period 1964-99. The findings reported suggest the presence of bi-directional instantaneous causality between defence spending and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defense-growth nexus is investigated empirically using time series data for the US and allowing the effect of defense spending on growth to be non-linear. Using recently developed econometric methods involving threshold regressions, evidence of a level-dependent effect of military expenditure on GDP growth is found: the positive externality effect of defense spending prevails for relatively lower levels of defense spending (with respect to the history of defense spending in the US) and reverts its influence for higher levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]