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Purpose: On the educational level, this paper aims to show a practical case of dialogic web-based learning. It has provided a consensus during a web-based negotiation game between four different parties on poverty and inequality. On a multicultural level, this paper seeks to offer diverse cultures of argumentation on global poverty. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is a web-based and real life negotiation game, namely "Surfing Global Change" which includes structured online review processes on literature-based research and reflection. Findings: The paper provides the consensus of four different parties on global development and poverty, and a new system of scaling development based on democratic decisions through a round table for all countries from the global north and the global south. Research limitations/implications: The presented dialog and consensus-finding process concentrates on poverty and inequality from the point of view of the G-8, NGOs, the global rich and the global poor. Originality/value: This research, based on literature, is formed through a dialog and consensus finding between four different parties (G-8, NGOs, the rich and the poor). (Contains 1 table and 8 figures.)

Based on research undertaken as part of the EU funded EPPIC project, this paper aims to update and elaborate on the relationship between drug use and offending behaviours by exploring variations within a cross-national sample of drug-experienced young people in touch with criminal justice systems. Adopting a trajectory-based approach, interviews were undertaken with 198 young people aged 15–25 in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and UK). Data were analysed by applying the Bennett and Holloway categorization of the drugs-crime link, with a focus on the concept of social exclusion as developed by Seddon. Three main types of mechanisms (economic, pharmaceutical, and lifestyles) are used to interpret the data, showing how the relationship between drugs and offending can vary according to type of substances and over time. Furthermore, it can be associated with very different degrees of social exclusion and needs. The results suggest that while economic inequalities still play key roles in explaining drug use and offending, both behaviours can originate from a state of relative deprivation, resulting from the contradictions inherent in 'bulimic societies' that raise aspirations and desires while providing young people scarce opportunities for self-realisation and social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the psychological, clinical and criminal characteristics of neonaticide focusing on court verdicts with the aim of formulating recommendations for judicial guidelines. This study was register based, comprising all known neonaticides in Austria and Finland between 1995 and 2005. The cases (n = 28) were obtained by screening death certificates from coroner departments and analysing them alongside all further reports available. Five out of 21 convicted offenders were imprisoned with an average sentence of 1.65 years. A mental disorder, at the time of the offence, was diagnosed in half of the offenders (9/18) who underwent forensic examination. Of the total offenders, 14 were deemed responsible for the crime, one was deemed to have had diminished responsibility and three were considered not responsible for the crime. The main motive, determined by court evaluation, was an 'unwanted child', followed by 'no motive', 'fear of abandonment or a negative response from others' and 'mental overload'. The rate of repeated neonaticide was 13 per cent. Considering the rate of mental illness within the neonaticide offenders, we would recommend a treatment detention order instead of imprisonment or non‐prosecution, as well as state‐of‐the‐art guidelines for the court. 'Analyses the psychological, clinical and criminal characteristics of neonaticide focusing on court verdicts' Key Practitioner Messages: Autopsies should be conducted for all suspected neonaticides.Forensic examinations should be performed by experts with knowledge and experience of neonaticide.There should be standardised forensic examinations using structured psychiatric and psychological methods by two independent experts.Neonaticide cases should be tried in specialised courts.A psychiatric treatment order should be made for all neonaticide offenders as a preventive measure to reduce reoffending and address the high psychological burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have noted an ever-increasing growth in the number of crime-themed leisure and tourism venues. Within this article I examine one such site: the Vienna Kriminalmuseum. An analysis of this site provides an opportunity to explore how the ‘sublime in crime’ is presented to the Museum’s visitors in ways that intentionally merge the macabre with the educational. This presentation says much, I suggest, not only about the Museum’s goals, but about its intended audience, an audience seeking to be exposed to elements of the darkest side of humanity, now sanitized for wider public consumption through the union of educational and entertainment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karl R. Popper proposed that the method of explanation in economics, or situational logic, should become the general model for analyses across the social sciences. This article makes good Popper's proposal by extending situational logic to a social problem outside the traditional scope of economics: crime. Specifically, the discussion reviews models developed by economist Gary S. Becker and criminologist Ronald V. Clarke. Becker's ‘economic approach’ to crime incorporates essential features of situational logic. Clarke's ‘situational crime prevention’ offers an even better demonstration; it explicitly incorporates the ideas of piecemeal social engineering and unintended social repercussions. Popper took situational logic from Menger and the Austrians, making this emerging area of criminology an extension of Austrian economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of collecting crime statistics that can be used in cross-national comparisons has faced the international community for over 150 years. While some form of administrative police statistics are generated in almost every country, criminologists and statisticians have long recognized the limitations such statistics as proxies for the measurement of crime. Different legal systems, capacities and methods of recording crime further complicate the cross-national comparison of figures. The author of the present article examines ways forward for international crime data collection, including innovative solutions such as crime victim surveys, and summarizes the proposals made at the meeting of the open-ended expert group on ways and means of improving crime data collection research and analysis with a view to enhancing the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and other relevant entities, held in Vienna from 8 to 10 February 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores Jewish criminality in Germany and Austria from 1890 to 1914. Shift from a moral comprehension of a crime to a determinist and materialist conception; Dominance of Cesare Lombroso's preoccupations with criminal difference in the research agenda of those who wished to create a new science of criminality; Emergence of biological narratives of criminality and the desire to locate criminal difference upon criminal skins; Coincidence of an intellectual project that sought to map criminal distinctiveness upon criminal bodies and minds; Project that sought to map racial distinctiveness on Jewish bodies and minds; Anti-Semitic stereotypes of Jewish physiological and behavioral difference.

Law enforcement is very interested in knowing when a crime has happened. Unfortunately, the occurrence time of a crime is often not exactly known. In such circumstances, estimating the most likely time that a crime has happened is crucial for spatio-temporal analysis. The main purpose of this research is to introduce two novel temporal approximation methods, termed retrospective temporal analysis (RTA) and extended retrospective temporal analysis (RTAext). Both methods are compared to six existing temporal approximation methods and subsequently evaluated in order to identify the method that can most accurately estimate the occurrence time of crimes. This research is conducted with 100,000+ burglary crimes from the city of Vienna, Austria provided by the Criminal Intelligence Service Austria, from 2009–2015. The RTA method assumes that crimes in the immediate past occur at very similar times as in the present and in the future. Historical crimes with accurately known time stamps can therefore be applied to estimate when crimes occur in the present/future. The RTAext method enhances one existing temporal approximation method, aoristicext, with probability values derived from historical crime data with accurately known time stamps. The results show that the RTA method performs superiorly to all other temporal approximation methods, including the novel RTAext method, in two out of the three crime types analyzed. Additionally, the RTAext method shows very good results that are similar to the best performing existing approximation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]