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Background The 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommends the consumption of lower fat dairy products to reduce saturated fat (SFA) intakes. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the impact of such recommendation on SFA intake at a population level in Canada. Methods Analyses were conducted based on dietary intakes from the nationally representative 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition (unweighted n  = 20,103). Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. Food-based substitution modeling analyses were conducted by replacing all regular-fat dairy products reported by an equal amount of a corresponding lower fat dairy product. Regular-fat dairy products included milks ≥2% fat, cheeses >25% fat, and yogurts ≥2% fat. Corresponding lower fat replacement products were 1% fat milks, 10–25% fat cheeses, and <2% fat yogurts. The National Cancer Institute method was used to account for within-person variation in dietary intakes. Results Replacing all regular-fat dairy products consumed by Canadians (ages ≥2 y) by a corresponding lower fat product reduced the population's SFA intake from 10.8% of total energy intake (%E; 95% CI: 10.7%, 11.0%) to 10.0%E (95% CI: 9.8%, 10.2%). This reduction was mostly attributable to the milk and cheese substitutions (mean SFA reductions of −0.3%E each). The proportion of the population with an SFA intake <10%E was 34.7% (95% CI: 31.2%, 38.2%) before substitution and 51.5% (95% CI: 47.5%, 55.5%) after substitution. Conclusions This food-based substitution modeling analysis suggests that SFA intakes at a population level are slightly reduced if all regular-fat dairy products consumed by Canadians were replaced by a lower fat dairy product. Approximately half of the population would still consume SFAs in excess of 10%E even if all regular-fat dairy consumed were replaced by lower fat dairy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is evidence that 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are lower in overweight and obese youth. This study examined the relationship between weight status and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, while controlling for confounders, in Canadian youth. Methods: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D from subjects aged 6 to 17 years from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 (2007 to 2009) and 2 (2009 to 2011) was used. Sex-specific multiple linear regression and logistic regressions examined the relationship of overweight and obesity (body mass index = 85th percentile) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the odds of 25-hydroxyvitamin D <40 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L. Results: The prevalence of risk of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 nmol/L) was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.26% to 10.12%). Vitamin D inadequacy, estimated by levels <40 nmol/L, was 15% (95% CI 10.34% to 20.39%; 19% [95% CI 13.1 to 25.6] for teenagers). Seventy per cent (95% CI 63.59 to 75.17) had levels >50 nmol/L, consistent with achieving the Recommended Dietary Allowance. In adjusted analyses, overweight/obesity (1/3 of subjects) was independently associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D for both sexes after adjustment for age, race, income, season, vitamin D supplementation and daily milk consumption. For 25-hydroxyvitamin D <40 nmol/L, the overweight/obese odds ratio for males was 2.63 (95% CI 1.34 to 5.18). For 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L, overweight/obese odds ratios were 2.19 (95% CI 1.46 to 3.28) for males and 1.39 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.84) for females. Conclusions: This study confirms the inverse association between adiposity and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Canadian youth and the independent association of overweight/obesity to 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitamin D status after adjustment for other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity and sedentary behavior habits are established during early childhood, yet only recently has objectively measured data been available on children aged 5 years and younger. This study presents data on the physical activity and sedentary behaviors of Canadian children aged 3-5 years. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Canadian Health Measures Survey between 2009 and 2011. A nationally-representative sample (n = 459) of children aged 3-5 years wore Actical accelerometers during their waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Data were collected in 60-sec epochs and respondents with ≤4 valid days were retained for analysis. Parents reported their child's physical activity and screen time habits in a questionnaire. Results: Eighty-four percent of 3-4 year old children met the physical activity guideline of 180 minutes of total physical activity every day while 18% met the screen time target of <1 hour per day. Fourteen percent of 5 year old children met the physical activity guideline of 60 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while 81% met the screen time target of <2 hours per day. Children aged 3-4 years accumulated an average of 352 min/d of total physical activity and 66 minutes of MVPA while 5 year old children accumulated an average of 342 min/d of total physical activity and 68 minutes of MVPA. Children were sedentary for approximately half of their waking hours and spent an average of 2 hours per day in front of screens. Only 15% of 3-4 year olds and 5% of 5 year olds are meeting both the physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines. Conclusions: Promoting physical activity while reducing sedentary behavior is important at all stages of life. The findings of the present study indicate that there remains significant room for improvement in these behaviors among young Canadian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]