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The commercial Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) is successfully modified by SrF 2 via a low temperature coprecipitation process. The results indicate that Sr 2+ and F − do not co-dope into the bulk phase of the LTO, but instead form a SrF 2 coating layer on the surface of the LTO. The suitable SrF 2 buffer layer could cover the catalytic active sites of the LTO and suppress the electrolyte reduction decomposition on the surface of the LTO, which means that the SrF 2 modification is favorable to suppress gas generation of the LIBs using LTO as anode material during charge/discharge cycles and storage. Moreover, according to optimized the amount of SrF 2 , the 2 wt% of SrF 2 in the SrF 2 modified LTO composites exhibits the best rate capability and an excellent cyclic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The influences of LiBF4, LiClO4, lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB), LiPF6 with VC and without VC, and the mixed electrolytes composed of different ratios of LiBOB and LiPF6 or LiClO4 on the electrochemical properties of Si/graphite/disordered carbon (Si/G/DC) composite electrode were systematically investigated by constant current charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the change of electrodes in morphology after given cycle numbers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to understand the influences of different mixed electrolytes on the composition of SEI layers. The results showed that Si/G/DC composite electrode in the mixed electrolytes presented better electrochemical performance than in single electrolyte. The compactness and compositions of SEI layers intensively influenced the cycle performance of Si/G/DC composite materials. LiBOB and additive VC had a good synergistic effect on the formation of the dense SEI layers. In particular, Si/G/DC in 0.5M LiBOB+0.38M LiPF6 electrolytes containing VC exhibited a high reversible capacity and excellent cycle performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Silicon/graphite/disordered carbon (Si/G/DC) is coated by Li2ZrO3 using Zr(NO3)4·5H2O and CH3COOLi·2H2O as coating reagents. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to characterize Li2ZrO3-coated Si/G/DC composite. The Li2ZrO3-coated Si/G/DC composite exhibits a high reversible capacity with no capacity fading from 2nd to 70th cycle, indicating its excellent cycleability when used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. A compact and stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is formed on the surface of Li2ZrO3-coated Si/G/DC electrode. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) shows that the resistance of the coated material exhibits less variation during cycling, which indicates the integrity of electrode structure is kept during cycling. XPS shows that F and P elements do not appear in the SEI layers of Li2ZrO3-coated Si/G/DC electrode, while they have a relatively high content in SEI layers of Si/G/DC electrode. The improvement of Li2ZrO3-coated Si/G/DC is attributed to the decrease of lithium insertion depth and the formation of stable SEI film. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]