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Background: Adult child are used to taking the responsibility of taking care of their older parents in Chinese culture. However, the migration of adult child is not uncommon now in the context of urbanization in China. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of child's migration on health status and health care utilization of older parents with chronic diseases left behind.Methods: The data of the 2015 nationally representative longitudinal survey of the aged population in China were used in this study. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of adult child's migration on health status and health care utilization of older parents with chronic diseases left behind.Results: About a quarter of the respondents (25.5%) had at least one migrant child. Most of the respondents (86.6%) rated their health as poor, and 42.0% of them suffered from physical limitations. Nearly half of the respondents (45.0%) had depressive symptoms, but the vast majority (88.2%) were generally satisfied with their lives. Only a quarter of the respondents received outpatient treatment in the past month while only one fifth of them received inpatient visits in the past year. After controlling for other demographic and socioeconomic variables, it was found in this study that those who with migrant child were more likely to report poor self-rated health (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.01-1.58), not satisfied with general life (OR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.03-1.59) and seek outpatient visits (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.03-1.43) than those who without migrant child.Conclusion: Our study found that there is a negative association between migration of adult child and physical health, mental health and health care utilization of older parents with chronic diseases left behind, which means a comprehensive effect on their health status. Further health policies should focus on improving the well-being of older parents with chronic diseases left behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The debate continues regarding the best way to reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The objective of this study was to compare the knee stability and clinical outcomes after single and double bundle (SB and DB) PCL reconstruction. Materials and Methods: A total of 98 patients with PCL injury were enrolled for PCL reconstruction with four-strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autograft in the SB technique (n = 65) or two-strand Achilles allograft in the DB technique (n = 33). Each bundle fixation was achieved by the means of femoral Endo Button CL and tibial bioabsorbable interference screw. Demographic data, knee stability, and clinical outcomes were collected for analysis. Results: The SB and DB groups showed comparable demographic data. After a minimum followup interval of 24 months, the data of 59 patients in the SB group and 30 patients in the DB group were analyzed. There was no statistical difference between the SB and DB group in terms of both knee stability and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the SB technique, the DB technique did not exhibit any superiority in knee stability or clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To create a high-stress shooting among the crowd (SAC) program and to examine its effectiveness in reducing SWAT trainees' stress level and their shooting performance in a simulated hostage-rescue situation.Method: After the SAC program was created, it was evaluated using a pretest and posttest experimental design: 98 young male SWAT trainees were randomly divided into experiment and control groups, with the former group trained in hostage rescue, shooting with real persons (high stress), and the latter group trained with "dummy" men (low stress); training for both lasted three days. Their shooting performance was assessed by a tactical shooting test in both high- and low-stress tests in a counterbalanced order, before and after the training, and monitored during the training, as were their stress levels by a set of physical (heart rate [HR] and heart rate recovery time [HRRt]), psychological (salivary cortisol and α-amylase), and self-reported anxiety measures.Results: The SAC program created needed high-stress for hostage rescue situations as reflected in increased physical, psychological, and anxiety scores and reduced shooting performance. Even with short SAC training, SWAT trainees' capacity in handling high stress and tactical shooting performance were significantly improved. HR, HRRt, and anxiety tests have been found to be effective in monitoring stress and should be a part of future SWAT training.Conclusion: A SAC program involving real people was created, and its effectiveness was confirmed using a pretest and posttest experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-induced anal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) have the potential to progress to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). We investigated whether anal hrHPV infections, particularly types 16 and 18, predict LSIL-to-HSIL progression.Methods: One hundred forty-six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 22 HIV-uninfected patients with anal LSILs underwent cytology, HPV genotyping (16, 18, and pooled 12 hrHPV types), and high-resolution anoscopy-guided biopsy at baseline and surveillance. The associations between the rate of LSIL-to-HSIL progression and HPV types as well as longitudinal HPV-16/18 status were assessed by fitting separate Cox regression models.Results: At baseline, 91% of patients harbored hrHPV: HPV-16/18 (44%) and non-16/18 (86%). Upon follow-up (median, 20 [range, 6-36] months), 41% developed HSIL (84% at the same anatomic location as the initial LSIL and 16% at a different location). Baseline HPV-16/18-positive patients had greater probability of progression than patients with non-16/18 types or negative (67%, 25%, and 7%, respectively; P < .001). Persistent HPV-16/18 conferred the highest probability of progression (70%), followed by intermittent HPV-16/18 positivity (52%). In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, baseline and persistent HPV-16/18 were significantly associated with LSIL-to-HSIL progression.Conclusions: Anal LSIL patients who are positive for hrHPV, especially HPV-16/18, have an increased risk of developing HSIL. Type-specific HPV testing could serve as a risk stratification tool, providing prognostic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulation of protein aggregates with age was first described in aged human tissue over 150 years ago and has since been described in virtually every human tissue. Ubiquitin modifications are a canonical marker of insoluble protein aggregates; however, the composition of most age-related inclusions remains relatively unknown. To examine the landscape of age-related protein aggregation in vivo, we performed an antibody-based pulldown of ubiquitinated proteins coupled with metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry on young and old mice on calorie restriction (CR), rapamycin (RP)-supplemented, and control diets. We show increased abundance of many ubiquitinated proteins in old mice and greater retention of preexisting (unlabeled) ubiquitinated proteins relative to their unmodified counterparts-fitting the expected profile of age-increased accumulation of long-lived aggregating proteins. Both CR and RP profoundly affected ubiquitinome composition, half-live, and the insolubility of proteins, consistent with their ability to mobilize these age-associated accumulations. Finally, confocal microscopy confirmed the aggregation of two of the top predicted aggregating proteins, keratins 8/18 and catalase, as well as their attenuation by CR and RP. Stable-isotope labeling is a powerful tool to gain novel insights into proteostasis mechanisms, including protein aggregation, and could be used to identify novel therapeutic targets in aging and protein aggregation diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are the precursors to anal cancer and frequently persist or recur following electrocautery ablation (EA). Impaired mucosal immunity may facilitate anal carcinogenesis. We characterized the immune microenvironment of anal HSILs in correlation with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus and ablation outcomes.Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, mucosa-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were quantified in HSILs and benign mucosa from 70 HIV+ and 45 HIV- patients. Clinicopathological parameters were compared.Results: Anal HSILs harbored more T lymphocytes than benign mucosa regardless of HIV status (P ≤ .03). Total T lymphocyte count and CD8+ subset were significantly higher in HIV+ HSILs versus HIV- HSILs (median cell count, 71 vs 47; 47 vs 22/high power field [HPF]; P < .001), whereas the CD4+ subset was comparable between groups (median, 24 vs. 25; P = .40). Post EA, HSILs persisted in 41% of HIV+ and 19% of HIV- patients (P = .04). Unadjusted analysis showed trends toward EA failures associated with HIV seropositivity (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.0; 95% CI, .8-4.9) and increased CD8+ cells (IRR, 2.3; 95% CI, .9-5.3).Conclusions: Human immunodeficiency virus is associated with alterations of the immune microenvironment of anal HSILs manifested by increased local lymphocytic infiltrates, predominately CD8+. Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and excess mucosa-infiltrating CD8+ cells may be associated with ablation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this article, a novel family of iterated function system (IFS) was introduced to outline a 2D graphical representation of protein sequences, which incorporates with various physicochemical properties of amino acids. Then a mathematical description was suggested to quantificationally compare the similarities and dissimilarities of protein sequences from their 2D curves. Based on this method, similarities/dissimilarities were compared among sequences of the ND5 proteins of nine different species, as well as sequences of eight ND6 proteins. The phylogenetic tree of the nine ND5 proteins was constructed according to Fuzzy cluster analysis. By correlation analysis, the ClustalW results were compared with our similarity/dissimilarity results and other graphical representation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We compared the miRNA expression profiles of spermatozoa from adult men living in an environment contaminated with electronic waste with those living in a normal environment, using a miRNA microarray. There were 73 significantly upregulated and 109 downregulated miRNAs in spermatozoa from men in the polluted environment compared with controls. Ten miRNAs were expressed significantly differently between the control and polluted samples and this result were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed to distinguish relationship with spermatogenesis. Our data indicated specific miRNAs expression of spermatozoa in men living in environmentally polluted sites and suggested that miRNAs have a role in regulating spermatogenesis. We also propose a subclassification scheme for miRNAs for assisting future experimental and computational functional analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychosocial causes of suicidal ideation among those who do not have diagnosable mental illnesses remain largely unexplored. Synthesizing the strain theory of suicide and self-determination theory, this research tested a multiple mediator model linking psychological strain with suicidal ideation via three basic psychological need satisfaction. Data from 750 professional employees in China support for the partially mediated effects of psychological strain via need satisfaction of competence and relatedness. These findings contribute to understanding Chinese employees' suicidal ideation from positive psychology perspective that is distinct from what is known from psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]