Search

This paper interrogates the extent to which imaginaries of climate and ecological breakdown attend to the memories, knowledges, and experiences of communities already impacted by histories of racism, colonialism, and poverty. Drawing on insights from Black studies and decolonial thinking, the article reflects on how the causes and effects of anthropogenic climate change can be mapped onto geographies of racialised violence and social dispossession. Specific emphasis is given to Rio de Janeiro, notably its port area, a geographical space where future-oriented narratives remain oblivious to the city's history of anti-Black violence and Indigenous genocide. In parallel, the paper looks at the recently built Museum of Tomorrow and its public representations of the Anthropocene. Overall, the article contends that pluralising accounts of the Anthropocene might offer alternative epistemic entry points for understanding and interrupting the mounting ecological catastrophe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archaeology of colonialism is a relatively recent discipline. It decolonises practices with dialogues between different epistemologies. As we argue in this paper, decolonisation must begin from a position where the producers of knowledge and their counterparts can converse on an equal footing from different philosophies. Brazil carries the burden of its Indigenous peoples' extinguished narratives, shaped by a colonial-influenced historiography and archaeology. This paper presents the case of the Tupiniquim, an Indigenous group from São Paulo, commonly referred to as Tupí or Ancient Tupí, who were mistakenly believed to be extinct. The dialogue between epistemes led to decolonisation of the Tupí Guaraní community recognising their persistence, mixed identity, and interest in recovering traditional language and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, participation is a key factor for ensure effectiveness of safeguarding culturally significant buildings. Integration of local communities in the process of architectural conservation is seen as complex task, but also an excellent strategy to avoid top-bottom processes – "made by experts" – that tend to fail more often. Recording heritage buildings often need some level of expertise but also tend to support biases, in which the "expert" operator might reproduce his perception away from the values acknowledged by the different communities that live and support the heritage itself. This paper presents a prototype of a digital interface designed to record the values' perception of derelict buildings of Laranjeiras' heritage site, an 18th century urban settlement classified since 1996 and valued as a Brazilian national heritage by its architecture and historical significance in the Cotinguiba river basin in the State of Sergipe. The project used as a case study the ancient "Cinema Iris", a popular building in the main street ("calçadão"). The methodology adopted the following procedures: 1) Survey; 2) Pre-selection of material attributes; 3) Integration; 4) Data collection; 5) Evaluation. As a primary product, yet to be perfected, the creation and application of the digital interface gave attention to the need for an integrated survey database of Laranjeiras' ruins as perceived by the local community. Turning them into a collection of balanced values, the interface proved to be a positive tool to support the development of further conservation actions (design, management, and monitoring) in the heritage site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Development Research is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: This research paper examines coopetition strategies for social enterprises. The study's coopetition framework consists of four strategic stages: (1) a social incubator inducing coopetition between social enterprises; (2) coopetition boosting market performance; (3) coopetition emerging naturally from social enterprises' activities; and (4) a coopetition framework for social entrepreneurship being formed. These strategies demonstrate that social enterprises want to increasingly cooperate, but also have to compete with each other for volunteers and to make their products stand out. Ultimately, this balanced coopetition is what maximizes the social value that these enterprises supply to communities. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By studying fossil bite traces, we can reconstruct the behaviour of extinct organisms and better understand past communities, environments, and ecosystems. In this paper, we analyse bite traces on a fragmented sauropod rib from the Upper Cretaceous of the Bauru Basin, southeastern Brazil. The fossil was collected in the Ibirá municipality, São Paulo State, in the strata of the São José do Rio Preto Formation (Santonian-?Maastrichtian). The analysed specimen displays nine tooth drag traces on its external surface, produced by six or seven biting events. The traces consist of shallow linear grooves, with tapered ends and a serrated or smooth edge morphology. They can be classified as Linichnus serratus, Linichnus bromleyi, and Knethichnus parallelum and were produced by an organism with ziphodont dentition, probably an Abelisauridae. This work adds to the knowledge of the Bauru Basin palaeoecology and palaeobiology and expands the record of Mordichnia of Gondwana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dearq is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The literature on collective action has poorly addressed processes of incremental institutional changes within organizations. This paper helps fill this gap by shedding light on how the community-based management of an organic label has changed following its formal recognition as a 'participatory guarantee system' (PGS). Ostrom and Basurto's (2011) analytical tool is useful to describe the changes in collective rules to address collective action problems that take place in standard-setting and labeling activities. Using original data collected from the Ecovida Agroecology Network – the oldest and largest PGS in Brazil –, we study the multi-scale changes in governance rules from the 1970s until today. We pay particular attention to the links between the institutional consolidation of PGS, its recognition by public authorities, and its adaptation to legal rules. We detail analytical operators indicating whether the introduction of the PGS rules at the national level was bottom-up or top-down. Our findings emphasize how local communities have been able to both adapt their governance system in response to the official arrangements concerning organic regulations, and influence national public arenas where these arrangements are defined. This form of co-management has been accompanied by a significant increase in the number of PGS-certified farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian income distribution is one of the most unequal in the world, yet the first 15 years of the twenty-first century showed some improvement in reducing inequality. However, data from Brazilian censuses show that the income distribution of the Jewish population in Brazil worsened from 2000 to 2010. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether this observed phenomenon should be attributed to the emergence of new Jewish identities among poorer segments of Brazilian society or a structural change in the more traditional Jewish community. We calculated Gini coefficients, Lorenz curves, and Kuznets ratios of the Jewish population (i) in Brazil, (ii) in the capital cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, considered as a unit, and (iii) among the general Brazilian population from microdata in the 1980 and 2010 censuses. The results show that the worsening of income distribution among the Jewish population in Brazil is more intense in areas outside of urban centers in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. This finding suggests that the observed phenomenon should be attributed to emerging new identities rather than structural change in the more traditional community. A conclusion section addresses issues for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species-level response of organisms to habitat loss and fragmentation relies on their dispersal ability, as well as trophic level, degree of habitat specialization and landscape structure. For butterflies, community composition is affected by the landscape configuration, by the surrounding habitat and by the matrix composition scattered around forest fragments, whereas higher dispersal ability is a significant advantage for persistence in highly fragmented landscapes. However, species of butterflies are highly variable in their dispersion capabilities, which affects their genetic variability as a whole and in how it is distributed within and between subpopulations in remaining fragments. In the present study, the genetic variability in subpopulations of Paryphthimoides poltys distributed through forest fragments was evaluated. Low diversity and the absence of genetic structure was found through eight fragments of semideciduous Atlantic Forest, surrounded by agricultural matrices, in Southeastern Brazil. Although P. poltys was the most common species found in the area in a previous study, its high abundance was not accompanied by high genetic variability. The species is usually found flying in forest edges and open environments and, although low, its genetic variability is expected to be preserved even if some of the investigated forest fragments are lost in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an increasing focus on readiness of health systems to respond to survivors of violence against women (VAW), a global human rights violation damaging women's health. Health system readiness focuses on how prepared healthcare systems and institutions, including providers and potential users, are to adopt changes brought about by the integration of VAW care into services. In VAW research, such assessment is often limited to individual provider readiness or facility-level factors that need to be strengthened, with less attention to health system dimensions. The paper presents a framework for health system readiness assessment to improve quality of care for intimate partner violence (IPV), which was tested in Brazil and Palestinian territories (oPT).Methods: Data synthesis of primary data from 43 qualitative interviews with healthcare providers and health managers in Brazil and oPT to explore readiness in health systems.Results: The application of the framework showed that it had significant added value in capturing system capabilities - beyond the availability of material and technical capacity - to encompass stakeholder values, confidence, motivation and connection with clients and communities. Our analysis highlighted two missing elements within the initial framework: client and community engagement and gender equality issues. Subsequently, the framework was finalised and organised around three levels of analysis: macro, meso and micro. The micro level highlighted the need to also consider how the system can sustainably involve and interact with clients (women) and communities to ensure and promote readiness for integrating (and participating in) change. Addressing cultural and gender norms around IPV and enhancing support and commitment from health managers was also shown to be necessary for a health system environment that enables the integration of IPV care.Conclusion: The proposed framework helps identify a) system capabilities and pre-conditions for system readiness; b) system changes required for delivering quality care for IPV; and c) connections between and across system levels and capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to identify Brazil's socioeconomic vulnerability to wicked multi-problems arising from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2019–2020), from the most extensive (∼ 3,000 km) oil spill in tropical oceans (2019/2020) and from the highest rate of wildfires in the last decade. Design/methodology/approach: To this end, the authors measured the socioeconomic vulnerabilities of the 27 Brazilian states to these multi-problems (COVID-19 + Oil Spill + wildFire), considering the effects of these events individually and together. In addition, the authors calculated the vulnerability indices using two variables: production value and number of jobs created by an economic activity. Findings: Results show the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro as the most susceptible, with a potential loss of 74.2% in production value and 47% in active employment relationships, caused by these overlapping events in time. The results also demonstrate that the country has failed in the coordination and management of these events (separately and jointly), showing difficulties especially in the stages of immediate response and recovery. Originality/value: Regarding its contributions, this paper innovates by establishing an unprecedented overlap of wicked problems, linking this concept to the analysis of socioeconomic vulnerability of the affected communities, through a model that applies to other regions worldwide. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2021-0536 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies how micro‐entrepreneurs engage in entrepreneuring to generate social value for their communities. We study three cases of micro‐entrepreneurs operating in deprived urban communities in Brazil. Our findings reveal that micro‐entrepreneurs create social value by engaging in transformative, emancipatory, and connective entrepreneuring. We identify a three‐stage model of social value creation through entrepreneuring. We contribute to the literature by providing evidence of the emancipatory and transformative dimensions of entrepreneuring and extend understanding of this phenomenon to include the dimension of connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a brief report on the history of the Dandara Occupation, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Through a general panorama of the strategies and resistance of the residents and movements involved; this paper shows the importance of the occupied territory in the struggle for the right to housing in the city. Through the narratives of the residents, references and photographic remnants of the initial years of the occupation, a temporal line is developed to the present day that reveals the challenges and opportunities for the people of Dandara in the making of their community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has the most incredible biodiversity globally and has a vast storehouse of molecules to be discovered. However, there are no pharmacological and phytochemical studies on most native plants. Parts of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler, a tree from the Anacardiaceae family, are used by several traditional communities to treat injuries and health problems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the pharmacological information about S. brasiliensis, from ethnobotanical to phytochemical and biological studies. Data collection concerning the geographical distribution of S. brasiliensis specimens was achieved through the Reflora Virtual Herbarium. The study's protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search strategy used the keyword "Schinopsis brasiliensis" in the databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, and SciELO. Rayyan was used for the selection of eligible studies. In total, 35 studies were included in the paper. The most recurrent therapeutic indications were for general pain, flu and inflammation. The bark was the most studied part of the plant. The most used preparation method was decoction and infusion, followed by syrup. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and polyphenols. Most of the substances were found in the plant's leaf and bark. Important biological activities were reported, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. S. brasiliensis is used mainly by communities in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil to treat several diseases. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies together provide scientific support for the popular knowledge of the medicinal use of S. brasiliensis. In vitro and in vivo analyses reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic, photoprotective, preservative, molluscicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal effects. It is essential to highlight the need for future studies that elucidate the mechanisms of action of these phytocompounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within emerging fields of research focusing on neuro‐urbanism, neuro‐geographies, and biosociality, which experiment with using emerging mobile biosensor methods, few if any have used them to research socio‐spatial life in communities that suffer high levels of violence and other socio‐spatial injustices. Extending non‐representational accounts of the body, emotions, and affect, this paper discusses an experimental geography–neuroscience collaboration, working in a favela of Rio de Janeiro to explore the embodied urban emotions and affects of violently bordered urban communities. Emphasising non‐representational, corporeal spatial practices in a study of women living in Brazil's favelas, we use electrodermal activity biosensors to propose a novel methodological and analytical approach that focuses on forms of affective debilitation and resilience. Theoretically, we draw on biopolitical theory and border theory to propose a method that avoids oppositions between biopolitical and necropolitical accounts of borders. The aim of the research, conducted in June 2016, is to understand levels of affective debilitation or resilience among women living in the Maré Complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. Using a wearable biosensor, we took measures of electrodermal activity of eight women as they undertook one of their routine, everyday journeys within the favela. We also conducted an hour‐long qualitative interview with each participant. We find that for all our participants, navigating the favela's violent border spaces subjects their bodies to very high levels of affective and cognitive demand. While some women responded to this with stress reactions that created acute levels of affective debilitation, others responded very strongly, showing exceptionally high levels of affective resilience. Our research highlights the affective labour required of women to co‐construct urban borders, and emphasizes their agency and forms of everyday resistance in shaping the favela's affective atmospheres. Combined biosensing (electrodermal activity/galvanic skin response) data and interview data reveal that women living in the favela experience high levels of stress and fear. For one resident this results in affective debilitation (a wounding of the capacity to affect and to be affected). However, other women showed exceptionally high levels of affective resilience and resistance. The research points to the important role of women in co‐constructing the embodied borders of the favela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a Water Access Index (WAI). Using this tool, decision-makers can identify and prioritize areas that need state intervention to develop actions to guarantee rural population access to water. Thus, was carried out is a case study, rural communities in the semi-arid region of Brazil to validate the suggested method. The WAI is based on a combined method of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), Geographic Information System (GIS), cluster analysis (CA) using Ward's agglomeration method and participation of rural inhabitants. The data for calculating the WAI were obtained by conducting interviews following a script of themes in the structured questionnaire closed to 370 residents of the communities evaluated. To calculate the WAI, weightings were used, in which the scores of the indicators and the weights of the dimensions were determined and analyzed using the Delphi method, what found to be a valid method for calculating the dimensions and indicators weights. Due to difficulty of rural population to have water access and suffer from drought, the proposed model showed appropriate to conduct a robust and well-structured decision-making. The main contributions were the study in region suffering from drought and difficulty in water access, as well as the combination of MCDA, SIG, CA and participation of rural inhabitants methods to aid in this problem. For use in other areas, researchers need to conduct public and specialized consultations to adjust the dimension weights, so the WAI method can estimate the water access situation and generate maps anywhere in the world for decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacob Blanc conducted substantial archival research, including in the previously unexamined papers of Itaipu Binational Corporation and recently declassified documents from Brazil's dictatorship period. Before the Flood: The Itaipu Dam and the Visibility of Rural Brazil By Jacob Blanc. [Extracted from the article]

This paper investigates relationships between birds and the inhabitants of Afro -descendant communities in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, paying particular attention to conservation. Near the Refúgio de Vida Silvestre da Serra do Giz wildlife reserve, we interviewed 55 residents using semi-structured forms combined with free interviews and informal conversations. Residents reported 121 species in 43 families and 21 orders. They recounted what they knew about nesting, reproductive and social behaviors, diet, and bird conservation. The lack of reporting on several species of birds known from the Serra do Giz was probably because those birds are absent due to hunting and habitat destruction. This study demonstrates the importance of conducting ethnobiological studies for bird conservation and to record local traditional knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers Agriculture is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As BRICS advances into its second decade of existence, it transitions from a multilateral alignment to bilateral arrangements among the five members. This 'bi‐lateralization' of BRICS expands the 'menu' of the BRICS 'multilateralism à la carte' by allowing members to limit cooperation when their interests diverge and to benefit from collective action through BRICS when their interests converge. This paper argues that, from the standpoint of countries like Brazil, the India–China border dispute and broader competition in the Indo‐Pacific demonstrate the 'bi‐lateralization' of intra‐BRICS relations as they thwart the development of a common narrative on issues like global health, security and trade. Contrarily, the bi‐lateralization of BRICS also gives members more flexibility as they manage various domestic and international challenges, which is crucial for the grouping's survival. The experience of the BRICS‐led New Development Bank (NDB) illustrates how the five countries can still cooperate as a coalition in pursuit of common objectives such as sustainable development and infrastructure. The lack of robust mechanisms to realize these objectives, however, raises questions about NDB's capacity to help BRICS to cooperate more like a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the scientific production carried out by the largest bioenergy research program in Brazil, the São Paulo Research Foundation Bioenergy Research Program (BIOEN‐FAPESP), in the period from 2008 to 2019. The study draws on a list of BIOEN publications on the Web of Science (WoS) platform, containing over 1000 articles, grouped under ResearcherID H‐6149‐2012. The methods applied in the study were based on the information specific to each article and involved the construction of networks including authors, countries, research subjects, and direct citations. Communities were built based on network properties and their content was extracted from articles abstracts, titles and keywords, using text mining techniques. We also obtained quantitative measures for BIOEN scientific output. The analysis found that BIOEN produced relevant knowledge, and contributed to the emergence of new research areas in the bioenergy sector. Overall, BIOEN was decisive for the advancement of bioenergy research in Brazil, and resulted in the expansion of the knowledge base for ethanol production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How German were German anarchists in the United States and Brazil? Did the experience of exile and immigration preserve or even heighten a national identity among radicals who openly espoused revolutionary internationalism? Anarchists distinguished between nation and nationality on the one hand, and the state and nationalism on the other. This article examines expressions of nationality by a handful of German anarchist editors and writers from the 1880s to the end of World War II. They wanted to be stateless, but not nationless. This article argues that German exile anarchists in the United States and Brazil expressed a militant, countercultural, antistatist and anticlerical nationality. They were 'rooted cosmopolitans': They identified with the international revolutionary tradition and at the same time remained attached to Germany's heritage of radical politics, arts and humanities. There was a remarkable consistency in their commentary levelled against Bismarck, the Kaiser, the Weimar government and the Nazis either in Germany or in the host country. Anarchists advocated for a borderless global federation of free communities and, to that end, rejected nationalism and urged people to stop 'seeing like a state' by exposing the false promises and crimes of statism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural resource conservation concerns have been prevalent around the world, and a range of solutions has been implemented to prevent their depletion. This paper brings together the literature on the commons and on behavioral principles to understand how traditional communities' management of common pool resources can contribute to this discussion. More specifically, it highlights how these communities can offer lessons to governments on how to develop and manage environmental policies to ensure sustainable development. Whereas Ostrom's work focuses on investigating how local communities succeed at managing common pool resources without external interference, behavior analysis can explain how cultural practices are selected. Through this combined framework, we investigate the practices of an extractive reserve (RESEX) in Brazil. A RESEX is an area of land, generally state owned, where access and use rights, including natural resource extraction, are allocated to local groups. The RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá is an example of common pool resource management that uses governmental tools to benefit the community. Fisherfolks are able to successfully conserve one of their main sources of livelihood: the fiddler crab. Finally, this paper describes and behavioral interactions regarding the conservation of resources that governments may want to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a child psychosocial framework among stakeholders in areas of disadvantage in three low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), i.e. Kenya, Turkey and Brazil, and to capture their proposed recommendations through action plans according to this framework. Design/methodology/approach: Workshops were facilitated with a total of 54 participants from different disciplines. The framework addressed safety and child-centredness, quality of care, resilience-building in schools and communities, enhancing competencies within existing roles, counselling and psychological interventions, and access to mental health services. Stakeholders' perspectives were captured through a participatory action procedure. Findings: The emerging 33 categories across the framework dimensions and the three sites led to four overarching and inter-linked themes. These related to community awareness; empowerment and "mobilization" of children, young people and families; inter-agency policy and practice; and capacity-building on skills acquisition at different levels. Research limitations/implications: The next stage in this service research should be full implementation and evaluation in different LMIC contexts. Practical implications: It is feasible to implement such a child psychosocial framework in contexts of conflict and disadvantage, and in the absence of specialist mental health services. Active stakeholder engagement and co-production should be central to the next phase of service transformation in LMIC. Originality/value: This study captured the views and experiences of stakeholders in LMIC areas of disadvantage, and demonstrated their readiness to establish interdisciplinary networks and re-focus existing services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Snakebites are considered a neglected tropical disease responsible for many accidents, some fatal, and are related to poverty. The Brazilian Amazon has the highest incidence of snakebites per inhabitant, with the state of Pará having the most reported cases. For those who have difficult access to hospitals and pharmacies, this issue is even more urgent. Methods: In this research, we worked together with the population of five riverine communities in Aritapera (Santarém-PA), a fluvial island located in the Lower Amazon floodplain (várzeas), in order to identify the species of venomous snakes and create a record of snakebites in the region and treatments carried out. Results: Dwellers reported a high frequency of encounters throughout the year and mentioned five venomous ethnospecies, although we identified only Bothrops atrox. Approximately 28.7% of the participants had already been bitten, and in 15.8% of the interviews, they mentioned deaths from snakebites. The treatments varied between hospitalization (42.8%), home treatments (23.8%), both together (25.4%) and healers (7.9%). There were cases where no treatment, or just religious treatment, was performed. In general, no serious sequelae were reported. Although home treatments were more common in the past, many people maintained the practice of using them before going to the hospital. Among the most used are Pau X and the fat of the Amazon River Dolphin. The latter appears to be a recent discovery by locals and is considered very efficient both for humans and animals. Conclusion: Difficult access to health centers, a lack of energy to store antivenom and a high rate of encounters with snake place Aritapera dwellers in a vulnerable situation regarding snakebite accidents. In this context, they discovered treatments that improved their well-being until hospitalization. As the Amazon River dolphin is an endangered species, the use of its fat requires attention. In this sense, the dissemination of this knowledge is important to encourage studies that investigate which properties of this fat act as counterpoisons. By discovering substitutes that can be incorporated in other rural and remote communities, an economic and ecologically viable option for the health of residents can be promoted, in addition to valuing traditional knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, as elsewhere, The COVID-19 pandemic and related upheavals exacerbated problems like unemployment and domestic violence. Feelings of hopelessness, isolation and impotence became pervasive. Seeking ways to respond to the uncertainty, insecurity and discouragement that many young people were expressing, the author sought ways that stories of courage, care, hope and solidarity could be shared and acknowledged. Drawing on the ‘checklist of psychological and social resistance’ developed in Lebanon by David Denborough and Mohamad Safa, a conversation guide for Brazilian communities was developed. It can be used by professionals, but is particularly designed for use among friends, family members and colleagues. It can even be used for individual reflection. Through consultation with the Nelson Mandela Favela in Rio de Janeiro, and its young people in particular, the Fala aí checklist was refined to be accessible and culturally resonant as a prompt for peer conversations that sustain hope and connection. The Fala aí checklist is included in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community health workers in developing countries usually perform house calls in degraded and violent territories. Thus, in this paper we study the effects of urban violence in the performance of CHWs in poorly developed territories, in order to understand the challenges of delivering care to dangerous communities in developing countries. We conducted telephone surveys for 5 months in 2017, within a systematic sample of 2.000 CHWs based on clinics distributed along the health regions of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We completed 766 interviews, approximately 40% of the sample, 86% man and 14% women. Most participants are 30 to 39 years old (35%), followed by 27% of 40 to 49 years old participants. As CHWs work on the sharp end of the healthcare system, responsible for outreaching, community education, counseling, and social support, our study presents contributions to government and management levels on working conditions inside communities, constraints in assistance, and difficulties in implementing primary care policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called energy transition has been associated with decreasing dependence on fossil fuel energy and low environmental impacts. Additionally, several communities worldwide still face energy poverty, with no or limited access to energy services. This paper evaluates the environmental and economic aspects related to replacing diesel-based power systems with photovoltaic and battery storage systems in a small indigenous community in northern Brazil. Nine environmental categories were analyzed for the life cycle perspective, from which it was established that the benefits of the photovoltaic system outperformed the diesel-based system in seven of the nine categories i.e., climate change (by a difference of 189.8 t CO 2 -eq over the system's lifetime, i.e., 300 MWh generated over 25 years), fossil depletion (by 66.7 t oil-eq), environmental toxicity (by 1.4 t 1,4-DCB-eq), particulate matter formation (by 1.5 t PM10-eq), photochemical oxidant formation (by 4.8 t NMVOC), terrestrial acidification (by 2.5 t SO 2 -eq), and eutrophication (by 1.7 t nutrients-eq). On the other hand, metal depletion showed similar values for both cases, while the diesel-based system was associated with lower human toxicity (by 14.8 t 1,4-DCB-eq) given the high usage of toxic metals when manufacturing the battery systems. Regarding the economic aspects, from stochastic analysis, the results for replacing diesel-based systems result in average savings of around 9 thousand USD over 25 years. Hopefully, these positive results might stimulate policy efforts that lead to mitigating energy poverty in Brazilian indigenous communities. • LCA and economic analysis of a PV and battery system compared to a diesel-based one. • The PV and battery system is superior in seven out of nine environmental categories. • The PV and battery system leads to savings of around 9 thousand USD over 25 years. • Social benefits are highlighted with a loss of power supply probability of only 0.2%. • The results of the paper might stimulate policy efforts to mitigate energy poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the regulatory responses to Covid-19 from the regulatory authorities of Brazilian states. This paper aims to provide new insights into the operationalization of the human rights to water and sanitation in the Brazilian regulatory authorities' actions during a health emergency. We find that communities located in unserved areas were not mentioned in the regulatory responses, nor were people in vulnerable situations. Equity and non-discrimination principles were correlated more with economic measures. This study has also identified the absence of responses related to access to sanitation facilities, with normative contents related to the issue not appearing in the content analysis. • The presence of HRtWS is unequal in the regulatory responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. • Communities without piped network were ignored in the regulatory responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. • No mentions regarding vulnerable people were identified in the regulatory responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. • No responses were identified regarding access to sanitation facilities. • There is an absence of a plural understanding of the sustainability in the regulatory responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of a globalising agenda for genetic research where ‘global health’ is increasingly seen as necessarily informed by and having to account for genomics, the focus on rare genetic diseases is becoming prominent. Drawing from ethnographic research carried out separately by both authors in Brazil, this paper examines how an emerging focus on two different arenas of rare genetic disease, cancer genetics and a class of degenerative neurological diseases known as Ataxias, is subject to and a product of the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion as this concerns participation in research and access to health care. It examines how in these different cases ‘rarenesss’ has been diversely situated and differently politicised and how clinicians, patients and their families grapple with the slippery boundaries between research, rights to health and the limits of care, therapy or prevention. It illustrates how attention to rare genetic disease in Brazil emerges at the intersection of a particular history of genetic research and public health infrastructure, densely complicated feedback loops between clinical care and research, patient mobilisation around the ‘judicialisation’ of health and recent state legislation regarding rare disease in Brazil. It highlights the relevance of local configurations in the way rare genetic disease is being made relevant for and by different communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of World Tensions / Tensões Mundiais is the property of Observatorio das Nacionalidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analysis of small-scale inland fisheries (SSIFs) is often highly dispersed and tends not reflect the true magnitude of their contribution to society. This is partly due to the insufficient attention given to this sector by the relevant authorities, in addition to its highly diverse characteristics, with complex patterns of operation in a wide range of systems, often in remote areas. Here, by integrating fishers as participatory fishery monitors, we provide fishery-dependent estimates of yields, the biological attributes of the fish species, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of the fisheries of lakes on the floodplain of the São Francisco basin in northeastern Brazil. As the fishers were willing participates in the monitoring, the results revealed well-structured artisanal fishing activities, with the lake system providing high-profile fish harvests from both monthly and annual perspectives. The spatial distribution of fishing effort reflected the adaptation of the fishers to the flood cycle of the river, in order to maintain high fishery productivity throughout the year. The results also indicate that participatory monitoring can help to overcome knowledge gaps and provide a database that is readily applicable to management needs at both local and regional scales. As Brazil is one few world's nations that no longer have national fishing monitoring program, participatory monitoring represents a low-cost solution for the credible and useful data on small-scale fisheries. It would thus appear to be extremely worthwhile to invest in the empowerment of communities in order to overcome the historic vulnerability of productive sector and the food security of the populations that depend on these fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tropical forests, treefall gaps differ in several environmental parameters from the adjacent mature forest. These differences affect vegetation structure and composition that, in turn, influence the distribution of animal species. This paper compares assemblages of two groups of spiders (web builders and ground hunters) found in mature forests and treefall gaps in an Atlantic Forest remnant near Recife, Brazil. Spiders were sampled monthly by using pitfall traps and hand‐searching (looking up and looking down) methods from June to November 2000. A total of 529 adult individuals distributed among 57 species were captured in pitfall traps whereas a total of 1467 individuals distributed among 117 species were captured by using the hand‐searching method. The number of individuals and species did not differ between mature forest and treefall gaps in both sampling methods. More exclusive species were found in mature forest than in treefall gaps in hand‐searching samples whereas an opposite result was found in pitfall samples. Habitat preferences were evaluated for those species represented by more than six specimens. Habitat preferences were significantly more marked among species sampled by hand‐searching than by pitfall traps. The mosaic formed by mature forest and treefall gaps seems to influence the distribution of spider species within areas covered by tropical forests, but this conclusion should be evaluated more carefully in other tropical forest sites and by using a more diversified set of sampling procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The symbolic and social roles of waste are explored through a small sample of UK and Brazilian consumers from urban and rural communities. These findings are relevant in highlighting the importance of considering socio-cultural differences in waste policies. Design/methodology/approach - Following an ontologically realist and epistemologically interpretive perspective on waste a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted in English and Portuguese. Findings - While Brazilian interviewees view waste as opportunity, their discourses reproduce the inequalities among and between their communities. UK participants view waste as burdensome, but demonstrate more awareness of their rights as citizens within their communities. Research limitations/implications - The study is exploratory and future work should address a broader range of respondents within communities across different cultures, demographic and socio-economic circumstances. Practical implications - Ideas generated from the study have both specific and general relevance beyond the Brazilian and UK communities. Marketing has the capacity to help advance the establishment of more effective environmentally friendly forms of consumption and disposal. Originality/value - The paper presents a fresh perspective on developing and developed country community waste reduction behaviours through the examination of waste meanings for individual consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the hydroclimate representations of precipitation δ18O (δ18Op) in tropical South America (TSA) is crucial for climate reconstruction from available speleothem caves. Our preceding study (Part I) highlights a heterogeneous response in millennial hydroclimate over the TSA during the last deglaciation (20–11 ka before present), characterized by a northwest–southeast (NW–SE) dipole in both rainfall and δ18Op, with opposite signs between central-western Amazon and eastern Brazil. Mechanisms of such δ18Op dipole response are further investigated in this study with the aid of moisture tagging simulations. In response to increased meltwater discharge, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) migrates southward, causing a moisture source location shift and depleting the isotopic value of the vapor transported into eastern Brazil, which almost entirely contributes to the δ18Op depletion in eastern Brazil (SE pole). In contrast, the moisture source location change and local condensation change (due to the lowering convergence level and increased rain reevaporation in unsaturated subcloud layers) contribute nearly equally to the δ18Op enrichment in the central-western Amazon (NW pole). Therefore, although a clear inverse relationship between δ18Op and rainfall in both dipole regions seems to support the “amount effect,” we argue that the local rainfall amount only partially interprets the millennial δ18Op change in the central-western Amazon, while δ18Op does not document local rainfall change in eastern Brazil. Thus, the paleoclimate community should be cautious when using δ18Op as a proxy for past local precipitation in the TSA region. Finally, we discuss the discrepancy between the model and speleothem proxies on capturing the millennial δ18Op dipole response and pose a challenge in reconciling the discrepancy. Significance Statement We want to comprehensively understand the hydroclimate footprints of δ18Op and the mechanisms of the millennial variability of δ18Op over tropical South America with the help of water tagging experiments performed by the isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM). We argue that the millennial δ18Op change in eastern Brazil mainly documents the moisture source location change associated with ITCZ migration and the change of the isotopic value of the incoming water vapor, instead of the local rainfall amount. In contrast, the central-western Amazon partially documents the moisture source location shift and local precipitation change. Our study cautions that one should not simply resort to the isotopic “amount effect” to reconstruct past precipitation in tropical regions without studying the mechanisms behind it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hydrological models allow water levels to be predicted at critical spots when the problem of flooding is being addressed. However, these models fall short in their attempts to provide timely warnings to communities at risk as they often involve complex setup requirements and incur high computation costs. Other approaches have been adopted that make use of water level monitoring sensors for detecting floods. Although accurate in their performance, these approaches often require a high level of maintenance because their predictions rely on critical readings from sensors that have to be immersed in rivers. We recommend a machine learning-based methodology for flood detection to address this issue, called FLORAS. It makes it possible to build models that make predictions solely on the basis of meteorological data from weather stations-water height measurements are only needed to employ ground truth for the purposes of training and validation. We evaluated the methodology with current data readings from São Carlos (SP - Brazil) in experimental analyses. Water height measurements from sensors placed at sites along the river were correlated with open weather data from a reputable, local source (Climatempo – Brazilian weather). The results show that the model achieved a higher degree of of accuracy and incurred lower computational costs than SwMM, a hydrological model. These results show that the recommended methodology is suitable for systems that run with resource-scarce devices, such as the IoT systems that are usually deployed in flood detection frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world financial crisis of the late 2000s was for some the dawn of a new era in which state currency monopolies would be replaced by privately-issued digital currencies following strict rules of supply growth. Rather than trust big government and big banks with our money, cryptocurrencies would allow us to "trust the code" and the "mathematical structure" of blockchain technologies. In Brazil, as elsewhere, this neoliberal techno-utopia has not arisen. Though their use as speculative assets has increased, cryptocurrencies have not become a popular means of payment. The use of electronic money, on the other hand, issued by novel corporate entities called payment institutions, is now commonplace. Unlike cryptocurrencies, digital banking and electronic money in Brazil rest on a solid legal and institutional framework designed to incorporate them into the payments system. Digital banks enjoy most of the privileges bestowed upon traditional banks, making it possible for customers to use digital accounts in the same manner as a traditional checking account. In short, digital banks have become privileged members of Brazil's state-led "pay community" and this is why they have flourished. Even in the digital era, money is a creature of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quilombola communities are descended from African slaves who escaped in resistance to imperial rule in Brazil. Today, these communities suffer from inadequate health care and health promotion programs due to socioeconomic, geographic, and political factors. This generates greater vulnerability among these groups because they have limited information about prevention to improve their quality of life. This research aimed to analyze the sexuality of young quilombola adults and the impact on their quality of life through an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study with descriptive and inferential analyses. Our study is the first to address these issues among quilombolas in the Eastern Amazon region. The participants were 79 individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 to 35 years, belonging to seven communities in the state of Pará. The questionnaires were designed to assess sexual behavior and satisfaction, values and beliefs about sexuality, prejudice regarding sexual and gender diversity, knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), beliefs about maternity, and quality of life. Women reported greater sexual dissatisfaction and lower quality of life than men. Men reported no dysfunctions; however, they were highly prejudiced towards sexual and gender diversity. Low education negatively impacts the health of quilombola populations, as knowledge about STIs and values and beliefs influence sexual behavior, exposing individuals to diseases. The research also confirms that, both among quilombolas and other groups, factors such as sexual satisfaction, values and beliefs about reproduction, and affectivity directly influence the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how the Sustainable Village Project (SVP), developed in a peripheral region of Curitiba-Paraná-Brazil, enables residents to take ownership of different leisure spaces autonomously. The study's concern was to situate how SVP was set and its actions in the neighbourhood, to understand how leisure spaces influence or provide mobilisations, and to support the interventions of this project. As social ethnographic research (that used the techniques of participant observation, field diaries, and open and structured interviews as research instruments), we sought to know the different interlocutors and describe and interpret various phenomena to share meanings with others. The SVP was created by the Municipal Environment Secretariat of Curitiba and aimed to collectively establish sustainability practices as a process that allowed people to decide on their own choices, combining individual and collective well-being with the conservation of the physical environment. The proposal developed mainly in this community's leisure time allows us to conclude that the experiences lived in the context of leisure can be decisive for human emancipation. Such experiences can promote, through dialogue, critical reflection and collective construction, the observation and resistance to injustice, giving us conditions to modify the reality in which we are inserted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By focusing on the case of the Gurupí River region on the border between the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Pará, this paper will argue for the importance of territoriality and geography in the strategies of fugitive slave communities both before and after abolition. Quilombo inhabitants (quilombolas) in Pará accumulated a knowledge of the land, access to gold deposits, and renowned skill in gold extraction. These assets became a valuable currency and source of political power in their dealings with political and economic actors. Such contacts were crucial for the quilombolas to maintain a certain territorial and political autonomy after abolition. The activities of quilombolas shaped the geographical and political landscape of many rural communities in Brazil well after the abolition of slavery, and they continued to challenge extractive capitalism in defense of their traditional territory. The example of the Gurupí River suggests the importance of understanding the politics of rural black communities through a careful consideration of the role of space and geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]