1. Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 protects animals from lethal SARS-CoV challenge
- Author
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Jessica A. Plante, Andrew Routh, Vineet D. Menachery, Abigail Vanderheiden, Bryan A. Johnson, Kenneth S. Plante, Antonio E. Muruato, David H. Walker, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Xuping Xie, Michelle N Vu, Kari Debbink, Mehul S. Suthar, Scott C. Weaver, Patricia A. Crocquet-Valdes, Kumari Lokugmage, Rose M. Langsjoen, Craig Schindewolf, and Pei Yong Shi
- Subjects
RNA viruses ,Viral Diseases ,Pulmonology ,Coronaviruses ,Physiology ,viruses ,Disease ,Virus Replication ,Biochemistry ,Mice ,Medical Conditions ,Immune Physiology ,Serial Passage ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Lung ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Immune System Proteins ,Strain (biology) ,virus diseases ,Animal Models ,Medical microbiology ,respiratory system ,Infectious Diseases ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Viruses ,Female ,SARS CoV 2 ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Antigenicity ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS coronavirus ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,Heterologous ,Mouse Models ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Antibodies ,Article ,Cell Line ,Respiratory Disorders ,Model Organisms ,In vivo ,Immunity ,Virology ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine and health sciences ,SARS ,Biology and life sciences ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,Organisms ,Viral pathogens ,Proteins ,COVID-19 ,Covid 19 ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Viral Replication ,Reverse Genetics ,Microbial pathogens ,respiratory tract diseases ,Disease Models, Animal ,Viral replication ,Respiratory Infections ,Animal Studies - Abstract
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic causing significant damage to public health and the economy. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been hampered by the lack of robust mouse models. To overcome this barrier, we used a reverse genetic system to generate a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2. Incorporating key mutations found in SARS-CoV-2 variants, this model recapitulates critical elements of human infection including viral replication in the lung, immune cell infiltration, and significant in vivo disease. Importantly, mouse adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 does not impair replication in human airway cells and maintains antigenicity similar to human SARS-CoV-2 strains. Coupled with the incorporation of mutations found in variants of concern, CMA3p20 offers several advantages over other mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains. Using this model, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2–infected mice are protected from lethal challenge with the original Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), suggesting immunity from heterologous Coronavirus (CoV) strains. Together, the results highlight the use of this mouse model for further study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease., Studying cross-protection from different coronaviruses is important to inform the research for a universal vaccine. This study uses a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain to show that it confers protection from SARS-CoV challenge, suggesting possible immunity from heterologous challenge following natural infection.
- Published
- 2021