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This paper presents a case study of the first shamanic organization in China and argues that organizational shamanism in Northeast China is characterized by the double identities of the shaman and the dualistic attitudes of the national authorities. The analyses in this paper reveal how the shamanic organization created a modernized and globalized space for traditional shamans and specialists to connect with the outside world, enabling them to gain empowerment, legitimacy, and agency. Chinese authorities hold dualistic attitudes towards shamanism: the positive attitude of seeing shamanism as part of cultural heritage has always been coupled with the negative attitude of seeing shamanism as superstition. The studies in this paper demonstrate that organizational shamanism in Northeast China has played a crucial role in negotiating with political authorities and linking local traditions with global discourse. In this sense, the traditional eco-cosmological way of maintaining relationships with natural forces and nonhuman beings has been irrevocably transformed into a cosmopolitical form for the shaman, where the animistic world engages with the outside world, global currency, and political forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of participants and potential participants in clinical trials toward electronic informed consent. We conducted a survey-based cross-sectional study in Hunan Province, China in March 2021. A total of 547 respondents were included in this study. All questions in an 8-item survey section assessing participants' knowledge of electronic informed consent received correct answers from at least 70% of participants. In terms of attitude scores, most participants (86.3%) believed that electronic informed consent is more convenient than the paper-based version, and more than half (51.2%) believed that electronic informed consent could completely replace the paper-based version. Responses indicated that common concerns about electronic informed consent were its security and confidentiality, legal benefits, and implications for rights protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Entrepreneurs' attitudes toward risk is one of the most critical factors influencing business growth and economic development. Therefore, addressing the influencing factors and formation mechanisms of entrepreneurs' risk attitudes has become a crucial research endeavor. In this paper, we examine how contract performance rates affect entrepreneurs' risk attitudes through the mediating effect of subjective well-being as well as assess the moderating effect of the regional business environment on this relationship. Methods: The ordered probit regression technique was employed to analyze the data obtained from 3,660 sampled respondents from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey. All analysis was performed using Stata 15.0. Results: The empirical results show that contract performance rates have a substantial positive indirect effect on entrepreneurs' degree of risk aversion through improved subjective well-being. The regional business environment plays a negative regulatory role in the relationship between contract performance rates and entrepreneurs' risk aversion. Furthermore, urban-rural heterogeneity appears to consistently determine the extent of the influence of contract performance rates on entrepreneurs' risk attitudes. Conclusion: To reduce entrepreneurs' risk aversion and enhance social and economic activity, the government should improve regional business environments by taking specific measures. Our study contributes to the empirical understanding of entrepreneurs' investment decisions in the context of urban and rural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the relationship between prudence in risk attitudes and patience of time preference of Chinese apple growers regarding off-farm cold storage of production and marketing in non-harvest seasons. The authors also consider the effect of farmer participation in cooperative-like organizations known as Farm Bases (FBs). Design/methodology/approach: The authors use multiple list methods and elicitation strategies to measure Chinese apple farmers' risk attitudes and time preferences. Because these farmers can either sell their apples immediately to supermarkets or intermediaries or place them in storage, the authors assess correlations between their storage decisions and their preferences regarding risk and time. The authors also differentiate risks involving gains and losses and empirically examine individual risk attitudes in different scenarios. Findings: Marketing decisions are moderately associated with risk attitudes but not time preference. Farmers with memberships in local farmer cooperatives are likely to speculate more in cold storage. Thus, risk aversion behavioral and psychological motives affect farmers' decision-making of cold storage and intertemporal marketing activities. However, membership in cooperatives does not always result in improved income and welfare for farmers. Research limitations/implications: The research confirms that behavioral factors may strongly drive vulnerable smallholder farmers to speculate into storage even under seasonal and uncertain marketing volatility. There is the need to think deeper about the rationale of promoting cooperatives and other agricultural forms, because imposing these without careful consideration can have negative impacts. Originality/value: Do risk and time preferences affect the decision of farmers to utilize storage facilities? This question is important because it is not clear if and how risk preferences affect the tradeoff between consuming today and saving for tomorrow, especially for farmers in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on attitudes toward obesity has mainly focused on the effects of people's negative attitudes about obesity on others. However, it remains unclear whether people's explicit attitudes toward obesity may influence their own life satisfaction. This cross-sectional study investigated whether and how individuals' explicit negative attitudes toward obesity influence their own life satisfaction among Chinese adolescents. A total of 310 high school students from Hunan province, China, were invited to voluntarily complete a paper-and-pencil questionnaire, including the Attitudes Toward Obese Persons scale, the Fatness subscale of the Negative Physical Self Scale, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. We also collected participants' self-reported body height and weight. The results revealed that adolescents with more negative explicit attitudes about obesity reported lower levels of life satisfaction, and that this relationship was mediated by their greater weight dissatisfaction. Additionally, weight status moderated the association between explicit attitudes toward obesity and one's life satisfaction, whereby more negative explicit attitudes toward obesity predicted lower life satisfaction in adolescents with a body mass index one standard deviation higher than the mean (21.00 + 3.35), but not for adolescents with a body mass index one standard deviation lower than the mean (21.00-3.35). Implications of the current research and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent mining is the demand and inevitable development direction of China's coal industry, and the shearer attitude based on the 3D spatial scale is the essential basic information for realizing intelligent mining at the fully mechanized mining face. The traditional shearer attitude monitoring technology cannot meet the accuracy requirements of attitude sensing of mining equipment at an intelligent working face. In this paper, based on the basic principle of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), a real-time solution algorithm for shearer attitude is constructed, and the specific process of SINS coarse alignment and fine alignment is studied. The main error terms affecting the accuracy of SINS are analyzed, and the initial alignment error, installation deviation angle error, and vibration effect error are compensated and analyzed through simulation one by one. According to the working characteristics of the shearer, the coning error and sculling error of the shearer's SINS are compensated and analyzed through simulation. This paper provides a complete set of theories and methods for improvement of the accuracy of the shearer attitude sensing in underground operation; simulation results also verify that the theories and methods can significantly improve the perception accuracy which can provide theoretical and technical reference for the production state prediction of fully mechanized mining face and intelligent control of underground mining equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An equal and high-quality partnership between public and private sectors is essential to the sustainable development of public–private partnership (PPP) projects. However, in the special social circumstance in China, the public sector has a strong voice in PPP projects. According to the existing research on PPP project failure, the government's dishonest performance and negative cooperative attitude and the private sector's speculative behavior of concealing information will lead to termination or even failure of project. The attitude and behavior that reflect the relationship orientation of public sector may determine whether the private sector adopts an opportunistic behavior. However, few studies have revealed the mechanism of relationship orientation on opportunism in PPP projects. This paper proposes the connotation of the public sector's relationship orientation and designs a measurement scale from three aspects: emotional relationship orientation, instrumental relationship orientation, and rent-seeking relationship orientation. Based on the data from large construction enterprises, financial institutions and investors, and scholars with practical experience in PPP projects, this paper explores the mechanism of the public sector's relationship orientation on the private sector's justice perception and opportunistic behavior by using the structural equation model (SEM). The results show that the public sector's relationship orientation significantly affects the formation and development of the private sector's justice perception and opportunistic behavior, justice perception plays a mediating role in the process of relationship orientation acting on opportunistic behavior, and the instrumental relationship orientation is more conducive to reducing the opportunistic behavior. The results provide new ideas for changing the public sector's concept and attitude and regulating behavior in PPP projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identities are not pre-given but are socially constructed with performative power. Taking a critical discursive approach, this study explores how the cultural understandings of deafness and the deaf community become intertwined with ideas of the 'state-home' (guo jia) in contemporary China. The paper analyzes forty award-winning biographical essays written by Chinese citizens with hearing disabilities in a 2016 national essay contest. The paper argues that the paradigmatic narratives from the essay contest correspond to the disability policy framework of the Chinese government in the market-reform era. The implications of these statist narratives of deaf identity need to be critically reflected as the human body becomes a central site of governance and governmentality in China during this stage. This study looks at autobiographical essays written by deaf people in China Essay contests organized for deaf people in China have opened up possibilities of expressing and sharing deaf experiences, but such events need to be analyzed critically. In China, the government plays an important role in orienting the disabled peoples' organization The individual's development and national development are inseparable in China's disability advocacy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper investigates the effects of Internet use on residents' risk attitudes. Both Generalized Ordered Logit Model and Logit model are used to identify the effects of Internet use. The results reveal an association between Internet use and increases in both subjective and objective risk preferences that remains even after we adjust for possible endogeneity. The heterogeneity analysis also reveals that these impacts are different among groups with different reasons for Internet use and different personal characteristics. Our study expands the research on the effects of Internet on people's concepts from the micro perspective and suggests that while promoting the application of information technology we should also pay attention to the individual characteristics of residents so that we can better share the "digital dividend" brought by the popularization of information technology in the whole society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has not been well controlled, and vaccination could be an effective way to prevent this pandemic. By accommodating attribute nonattendance (ANA) in a discrete choice experiment (DCE), this paper aimed to examine Chinese public preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes, especially the influence of ANA on the estimated results. Methods: A DCE was designed with four attributes: effectiveness, protection period, adverse reactions and price. A random parameter logit model with an error component (RPL‐EC) was used to analyse the heterogeneity of respondents' preferences for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes. Two equality constraint latent class (ECLC) models were used to consider the influence of ANA on the estimated results in which the ECLC‐homogeneity model considered only ANA and the ECLC‐heterogeneity model considered both ANA and preference heterogeneity. Results: Data from 1,576 samples were included in the analyses. Effectiveness had the highest relative importance, followed by adverse reactions and protection period, which were determined by the attributes and levels presented in this study. The ECLC‐heterogeneity model improved the goodness of fit of the model and obtained a lower probability of ANA. In the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, only a small number of respondents (29.09%) considered all attributes, and price was the most easily ignored attribute (64.23%). Compared with the RPL‐EC model, the ECLC‐homogeneity model obtained lower WTPs for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes, and the ECLC‐heterogeneity model obtained mixed WTP results. In the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, preference group 1 obtained higher WTPs, and preference groups 2 and 3 obtained lower WTPs. Conclusions: The RPL‐EC, ECLC‐homogeneity and ECLC‐heterogeneity models obtained inconsistent WTPs for COVID‐19 vaccine attributes. The study found that the results of the ECLC‐heterogeneity model considering both ANA and preference heterogeneity may be more plausible because ANA and low preference may be confused in the ECLC‐homogeneity model and the RPL‐EC model. The results showed that the probability of ANA was still high in the ECLC‐heterogeneity model, although it was lower than that in the ECLC‐homogeneity model. Therefore, in future research on DCE (such as the field of vaccines), ANA should be considered as an essential issue. Public Contribution: Chinese adults from 31 provinces in mainland China participated in the study. All participants completed the COVID‐19 vaccine choice questions generated through the DCE design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, college students have emerged as the main players in Chinese innovation and start-ups. Based on the TPB theory, this paper introduced the start-up education variables and established the influence model of start-up education for university students in China on the motivation of start-up. In this paper, a questionnaire containing five variables, including behavior attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, was investigated for students from six universities in Jilin Province, China, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS23.0. The study found that the entrepreneurship education of college students had the greatest impact on entrepreneurial intentions compared to the three elements of planned behavioral theory: behavioral attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This paper has a guiding significance in strengthening start-up education in universities. This study was conducted only for students from six universities in Jilin Province, China, and the scope of the study needs to be expanded throughout China in order to generalize the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyze the level of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perception regarding COVID-19 among Chinese residents 1.5 years after the pandemic. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with both online and paper questionnaires. We included a variety of covariates that were characteristic-related factors such as age, gender, education level, and retirement status, as well as those closely associated with risk perception regarding COVID-19. Results: Participants (n = 3588), 53.49 ± 18.88 years old, from two provinces of China, of which 44.7% were male and 52.03% had a high school or greater level of education, answered the questions. More than 90% of participants had adequate background knowledge about COVID-19 and agreed or even strongly agreed with many attitude items related to the government's role in diagnosis, treatment, and dealing with COVID-19 infections. About three fifths of the participants reported fear of contracting COVID-19, but only a minority (18.63%) felt they were more susceptible than others. Respondents aged 45 years or younger were more likely to fear contracting the virus than those older than 45 years (adjusted OR = 1.464, 95% CI 1.196 to 1.794, P = 0.0002). High education level (adjusted OR = 1.503, 95% CI 1.187 to 1.904, P = 0.0007) and non-retired status (adjusted OR = 1.679, 95% CI 1.354 to 2.083, P < 0.0001) were associated with a higher perception of susceptibility to infection than others. Moreover, respondents who were not retired had a significantly reduced practice score (adjusted OR = 1.554, 95% CI 1.261 to 1.916, P < 0.0001). Age, retirement status, and education level were also associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice level. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the public generally has trust in the COVID-19 vaccine and the government with regard to COVID-19 in China. We recommend that high-risk groups of communities, such as elders and patients with chronic diseases, be given greater consideration in the outbreaks. Health education campaigns combined with workplace preventive intervention should be aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge and beliefs in order to encourage more optimistic attitudes and to maintain safe practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines US public opinion after the drastic changes in US–China relations during the Trump presidency. I argue that the perceived China threat influences Americans' evaluation of the China–Taiwan tension. Based on the US dataset of the 2018 Survey on Global Attitudes and Trends by the Pew Research Center, Americans tend to perceive the China–Taiwan tension as a serious problem for the USA when Americans identify China as a major threat and its military strength as a concern. As US public opinion shapes the US foreign policy on China, the findings shed light on the public support for the ongoing US–China conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating room nurses play a critical role in patient safety. The evaluation of safety attitudes of operating room nurses reflects their awareness and belief of patient safety. Currently, however, the research on the safety attitudes of operating room nurses is hard to track in the existing literature in China. Therefore, this paper was conducted to explore the factors influencing the safety attitudes of operating room nurses and their cognition and attitudes toward adverse event reporting. A total of 711 operating room nurses from 16 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province from March 1, 2018, to 2019 were selected. The general information of operating room nurses, such as age, gender, and years of service in the operating room, was obtained through the basic information questionnaire. The Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (C-SAQ) was used to evaluate the safety attitude of operating room nurses, and the cognition and attitude of the subjects to adverse event reports were assessed through the questionnaire of cognition and attitude toward adverse event reporting. The average score of safety attitudes of operating room nurses was 4.20 ± 0.49. The two dimensions with a lower positive reaction rate of the safety attitudes of operating room nurses were stress recognition and working conditions. The main factors affecting the safety attitude of operating room nurses were night shifts, as well as cognition and attitudes toward adverse event reporting. There was a positive correlation between the total score of C-SAQ and the total score of cognition and attitudes toward adverse event reporting (P < 0.01 , r = 0.445). The safety attitude of operating room nurses is at the upper-middle level, but the stress recognition and working conditions need to be improved. Through the allocation of nursing human resources, the strengthening of hospital logistics support, and the establishment of nonpunitive nursing adverse event reporting system, the operating room safety can be significantly enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Dementia is recognized globally as a massive burden on public health and wider society. It is a major cause of disability and mortality amongst older people. China has the largest population of people with dementia worldwide, accounting for approximately 25% of the entire global population of people with dementia. The study investigated the perceived experiences of care giving and care receiving in China, with one area identified in the data concerning the extent to which the participants discussed death. The research also explored the meaning of living with dementia in modern China, where the economy, demography and culture are rapidly changing. Method: The qualitative approach of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for this study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Finding: The paper reports on one specific finding concerning death as a way out of the situation that participants found themselves in. Conclusion: The study described and interpreted one of the specific issues, 'death', in the participants' narratives. This finding reflects how psychological and social factors, such as stress, social support, healthcare cost, caring burden and medical practice have created the participants' thoughts of 'wishing to die' and the reasons why they believe 'death is a way to reduce burden'. It calls for an understanding, supportive social environment and a reconsideration of a culturally and economically appropriate family-based care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the attitudes and actions of scientific journal editors in China towards open access. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Chinese editors from various scientific journals during September and October of 2022. The results indicate that the editors generally possess knowledge of open access and have implemented an appropriate open access model for their respective journals. However, the Chinese-language journal editors expressed a lack of motivation to adopt open access, unless there is a reform in the mechanism of academic publishing or a policy is imposed. On the other hand, the English-language journal editors acknowledged that they have no other choice but to adopt open access. This study helps us learn about Chinese editors' understanding and attitudes towards open access, the current status of open access in China's scientific journals, and the mechanisms of academic publishing in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether education plays an important role in shaping individuals' gender role attitudes. We exploit exogenous variation in temporal and geographical impacts of the 1986 Compulsory Education Law in China, which reduced inequality in compulsory school attendance across regions. Using the data from the China General Social Survey, we find that the extra schooling induced by the compulsory schooling reform leads to more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Education's liberalizing effect is concentrated among females and urban residents. However, education's impacts on gender-equal behavior are much weaker than impacts on attitudes. Finally, we discuss the potential channels through which education shapes individuals' gender-role attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2004 was the year when the Japanese public's affinity with China dropped dramatically, to 37.6 %, due to anti-Japan riots in China. Now more than 70 % of the Japanese public does not feel an affinity with China. How could such a strong anti-Chinese sentiment influence Japan's policy toward China? This paper considers this question by examining Japan's decision-making process on terminating the much-criticized yen loans to China. Yen loans are a type of Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided by the Japanese government to countries lacking sufficient funds for economic development. China is one of the top yen loan borrowers, and the loans have contributed to China's economic growth and increasing openness. However, in March 2005, Japanese Foreign Minister Nobutaka Machimura told Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing that Japan intended to phase out the yen loans before the 2008 Beijing Olympics and reached an agreement on the matter. Two-and-a-half years later, Japan terminated its yen loans to China, as the foreign ministers had agreed. Through mainly firsthand documents and interviews with government officials, this paper will clarify the following two points: (1) While it is true that the Japanese government significantly reduced its yen loan package to China from 2001 onward due to domestic criticism of China, as pointed out by previous studies, it was not planning to terminate the yen loans as of summer 2004. Instead, the Japanese government was contemplating how to keep providing yen loans to China; (2) Foreign Minister Nobutaka Machimura, who was appointed in September 2004, had pushed for the termination of yen loans to China only after anti-Chinese sentiment rose dramatically in summer 2004, because he felt that continuing the much-criticized yen loans would not benefit stable Japan-China relations. This paper sheds light on the background of the termination of yen loans to China, a major milestone in postwar Japan-China relations that had been unclear until now. Having said this, the more important point of this paper may be that it also shows the influence of strong anti-Chinese sentiment on Japan's policies toward China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human cognition affects the result of symbolic activity. Evidentiality is a linguistic concept which encodes the source of information and expresses the attitude and confidence of speaker. This paper collects 31 judgments from the Supreme People's Court (SPC) and local people's courts in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C) as the research corpus, and analyzes the evidentiality in four aspects: information source, lingual form, evidential function and speaker's attitude of the information. It is found in this study that: 1) The information sources are divided into four types as cultural belief, sensory experience, verbal rumor and inferential hypothesis; 2) Lingual form consists of three categories: vocabulary, phrase and compound sentence; 3) Evidentiality in court judgments performs four functions: support with citation, induction with description, paraphrase with less responsibility and summarization with reasoning; 4) The reliability of evidentiality presents a two-tier structure based on different information sources. From the perspective of Peirce's semiotics, the paper analyzes the judicial practice of court judgments with actual data and proposes some suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the differences in decisional conflict, decision regret, self‐stigma and quality of life among breast cancer survivors who chose different surgeries, as well as the effects of decisional conflict, decision regret and self‐stigma on quality of life. Design: Observational study. Methods: Paper and online surveys were used to collect data from March to September 2020. The Chinese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale, Decision Regret Scale, Self‐Stigma Form and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment‐B were used to measure the corresponding health outcomes for breast cancer survivors who chose different surgeries from three university‐affiliated hospitals. One‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Among the 448 participants, only 21% chose breast conservative surgery, while 79% chose mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Women who chose mastectomy with reconstruction reported higher decisional conflict (p =.028) and more decision regret (p =.013) than women who chose breast conservative surgery; women who chose mastectomy without reconstruction indicated higher decisional conflict (p =.015), more decision regret (p <.001), and higher self‐stigma (p =.034) than women who chose breast conservative surgery. Decisional conflict (r = −.430), decision regret (r = −.495), and self‐stigma (r = −.561) were negatively correlated with quality of life. After controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables, decisional conflict and decision regret explained 19.7% and self‐stigma explained 12.9% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: Decisional conflict, decision regret and self‐stigma vary according to different breast surgeries and are greatly associated with the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Impact Future studies are warranted to investigate the decision‐making process and the underlying reasons for surgical choices. Decision support strategies pre‐surgery are needed to inform women about the risks and benefits of surgery options. Moreover, psychosocial support post‐surgery is warranted to relieve women's self‐stigma, thus improving their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine whether patient–provider communication interacts with treatment outcomes to influence patients' risk perception. Background: Medical uncertainties and risks are among the most serious problems faced by patients. This is exacerbated by communication failure in patient–provider relationships and poor treatment outcomes. However, we do not know how communication and treatment outcomes shape patients' risk perception and concern about uncertainty. Design The study is a two‐by‐two between‐subjects design. Methods: Two studies were conducted and data were collected in 2019. Each study used a different research design and different samples: Study 1 used a scenario experiment with 120 undergraduate students; and Study 2 surveyed 200 inpatients in clinical settings. Results: The convergent results found a significant interaction between patient–provider communication and treatment outcome on the perception of medical risks among the participants. Conclusion: Patient–provider communication interacts with treatment outcome to influence patients' perceived risk about uncertainties for healthcare. Clinicians and nurses should be aware of the effects of patient–provider communication on patients' risk perception in their concerns about the uncertainties of treatment and pay much more attention to good healthcare relationship building in addition to the improvement of objective treatment outcome. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Medical uncertainties and risks are exacerbated by communication failure in healthcare relationship.Communicating information to patients is important when they are evaluating the risks and benefits of treatment.Current theories to explain medical risk assume particular psychological processes to reproduce empirical observations of financial risk‐sensitive behaviour. What this paper adds? A scenario experiment explored the interaction effect of patient‐provider communication and treatment outcomes on the perceived risk of medical treatment.We verified the results in the clinical context and revealed a significant interaction of patient‐provider communication with patients' perceived risk of treatment outcomes.Our model predicts that patients' risk perceptions are both path dependent and affected by the patient‐provider communication and treatment outcome. The implications of this paper: Healthcare providers, for example, physicians and nurses, are reminded to adhere to preferred communication and relationship building methods, in support of good treatment outcomes.Providing patients with humanized support and compassion from healthcare professionals may help them understand their illness and symptoms as well as improve their concerns about the uncertainties of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By investigating deep-rooted cultural norms, this paper explores whether and how traditional gender role attitudes impact income gaps between men and women and identifies causal effects via instrumental variable and other causal inference methods. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013, the results show that traditional gender role attitudes have a strong negative effect to the earnings of women but have no significant effect on men's incomes. Through Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, this research finds that the different effects of gender role attitudes on the incomes of men and women appear to play a prominent role in causing the gender gap in earnings. In addition, gender role attitudes have an indirect and broad effect on gender income inequality through educational attainment, labor force participation, working hours, and occupational status. These results provide us with a new perspective for understanding the persistence and mechanisms of gender income stratification under educational equalization and have implications for gender equality policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal Mundo Asia Pacífico is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How does power shape foreign policy attitudes? Drawing on advances in psychological research on power, I argue that the sense of relative state power explains foreign policy hawkishness. The intuitive sense that "our state" is stronger than "your state" activates militant internationalism, an orientation centered on the efficacy of force and deterrence to achieve state aims. Beyond general orientation towards the world, this sense of power explains discrete attitudes towards pressing security issues, from threat perception in the South China Sea to nuclear weapons use against Iran. Five original surveys across the US, China, and Russia, as well as an experiment fielded on the US public, lend support to these claims. The psychological effects of state power overshadow dispositional traits common in behavioral IR, like individuals' personalities and moral proclivities. More surprisingly, power changes individuals, making hawks of even the most dovish. Taken together, the paper presents a "first image reversed" challenge to standard bottom-up accounts of foreign policy opinion and offers unique explanatory leverage in a potential era of US decline, China's rise, and Russian belligerence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China's healthcare reform programme continues to receive much attention. Central to these discussions has been how the various financial incentives underpinning reform efforts are negatively impacting on the healthcare workforce. Research continues to document these trends, however, qualitative analysis of how these incentives impact on the motivation of healthcare workers remains underdeveloped. Furthermore, the application of motivational theories to make sense of healthcare worker experiences has yet to be undertaken. Methods: The purpose of our paper is to present a comparative case study account of healthcare worker motivation across urban China. It draws on semi structured interviews (n = 89) with a range of staff and organisations across three provinces. In doing so, the paper analyses how healthcare worker motivation is influenced by a variety of financial incentives; how motivation is influenced by the opportunities for career development; and how motivation is influenced by the day to day pressures of meeting patient expectations. Results: The experience of healthcare workers in China highlights how a reliance on financial incentives has challenged their ability to maintain the values and ethos of public service. Our findings suggest greater attention needs to be paid to the motivating factors of improved income and career development. Further work is also needed to nurture and develop the motivation of healthcare workers through the building of trust between fellow workers, patients, and the public. Conclusions: Through the analysis of healthcare worker motivation, our paper presents a number of ways China can improve its current healthcare reform efforts. It draws on the experience of other countries in calling for policy makers to support alternative approaches to healthcare reform that build on multiple channels of motivation to support healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers 250 funds between 2001 Q4 and 2009 Q2. The funds included must have data for at least eight quarters. By comparing dollar-weighted average return and geometric average return of a fund, the paper shows that fund investors always have inferior ability on timing. Their worst performance is related to a fund's larger size, higher subscription fee, better ratings, and higher geometric average returns. Funds of the above characteristics may easily draw the attention of less-informed investors and trigger their timing behavior. As a result, they buy at high prices and sell at low prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using microdata from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS 2010), this paper investigates whether there are green returns to education in China, where educational attainment promotes pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. We establish causality by exploiting the exogenous variation induced by the implementation of the Compulsory Schooling Law (CSL) in China. We find evidence that educational attainment is associated with higher levels of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors, and these estimates are robust to various robustness checks. Further analysis reveals that the acquisition of environmental knowledge is the channel that drives the effect of education on pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Finally, the effects of education are heterogeneous across individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The philosophy of "publish or perish" has already been adopted as a yardstick by the vast majority of Chinese higher education institutions in their attempts to benchmark Western research universities in recent years, which has led to increasing pressure on university teachers to produce research publications. This paper addresses this endemic issue in China's teaching universities with particular reference to its impact on English teacher educators. It points out that this trend is a result of unrealistically benchmarking research universities in well-resourced Western countries and overlooking the nature of teaching universities, the nature of English teacher educators' professional commitments, and the practical constraints on China's teaching institutions. It has given rise to a variety of problems which, unless addressed properly, may demoralize English teacher educators and impair the quality of both teaching and research. The paper argues that a fair perception of and attitude towards research and realistic expectations of English teacher educators' research outcomes are essential. Practical implications at macro-, meso- and micro-levels are provided with the aim of improving the status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the values of Chinese university students as future leaders and employees in a global economy. Despite the fact that China's role in the world economy has become increasingly important, little has been done to examine the nature of tomorrow's Chinese business leaders. Design/methodology/approach - A values survey was administered to business major students at a Tier 1 Chinese university and data were collected from 984 respondents to test five hypotheses relevant to values for Chinese youths. Findings - This study suggests that today's Chinese business students view traditional Chinese values through a lens influenced by western cultural and economic thinking as well as positive and negative impacts from rapid economic development. Research limitations/implications - This paper is an empirical study based on a survey being administered to Chinese university students in two major cities in China. A limitation would be that all Chinese youth of the same age may not have the same values as this set of university students, or even those of Chinese students from a different region of China. Originality/value - This paper is among the first to identify the current cultural values of the younger Chinese of university age population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to improve our understanding of the social psychology of code-switching by investigating societal attitudes towards two types of Chinese-English code-switching, insertions of English words in Chinese sentences and switching to English at clausal boundaries in Chinese. It examines how subjects' evaluation of code-switching is influenced by their general language attitudes and language use associated with network exposure. The subjects were recruited from four different cities in mainland China. They participated in an online perception experiment and completed a socio-biographical questionnaire. Quantitative analyses show that clausal switching was rated as the least likable CS mode, but at the same time was considered as having high status as an indication of high English proficiency. Their evaluation was mainly influenced by their general attitudes towards English language and culture. Network exposure also played a marginal role, affecting their judgement of the speaker's English proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have suggested there is a link between attitudes toward store music and customer loyalty, although this evidence has been inconsistent and inconclusive. We tested the relationship between attitudes toward store music and customer loyalty while taking into account emotional value as a mediator. Customers (N = 352) from a supermarket in China completed a paper-and-pencil survey assessing attitudes toward store music, loyalty, and emotional value. The results of structural equation modeling suggested that emotional value played a mediating role in the relationship between attitudes toward store music and customer loyalty. This study contributes to understanding of customer loyalty in response to store music and provides retailers with practical insights into increasing customer loyalty by inducing positive attitudes toward store music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research identifies unique challenges for younger women diagnosed with breast cancer at or before 45 years of age. This paper explores the experiences of younger women from diverse cultural backgrounds with breast cancer to see if there are differing healthcare provision needs across cultures. Sandelowski and Barroso's framework for undertaking a meta-synthesis is used in this paper. Initial searches in academic databases returned 42 papers of interest. Re-reading the papers in the context of the research question identified 12 studies which met the inclusion criteria. Five key themes were identified in these 12 studies. The overarching finding is that, irrespective of cultural background, the confrontation with breast cancer transforms the younger woman's life. It seems that healthcare provision needs do not differ substantially across cultures. Health professionals should address the unique psychosocial effects of cancer in the context of the lifestage of the woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The associations between objective and subjective dimensions of the built environment and walking behaviour have been examined extensively in existing studies. However, the interaction effects of those dimensions of the built environment on walking behaviour are understudied and may be more complex than hitherto suggested. Apart from the subjective dimensions of the built environment, walking attitudes also play a role in moderating these relationships. This paper investigates the independent and joint effects of objective neighbourhood characteristics, people's perceptions of the neighbourhood environment, and walking attitudes on the frequency of walking by using Shenzhen as a case study. Since those effects may vary across different kinds of walking trips, the analysis looks separately at three major types of walking at the neighbourhood level—walking for work/school, walking for leisure/recreation, and walking for household responsibilities. Logistic regression analyses confirm that the correlates of people's walking frequency vary considerably among different types of walking. Statistically significant interaction effects of objective neighbourhood characteristics and perceived environment are found. The results suggest that positive perceptions of the environment can compensate for the effect that low objective walkability of neighbourhoods has on people's walking frequency. When seeking to encouraging walking at the neighbourhood level, policymakers should not only concentrate on improving objective neighbourhood characteristics but also consider people's perception of the neighbourhood environment and their attitudes towards walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-psychological factors can influence efforts to conserve biodiversity. Despite numerous studies focused on giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation, the intentions of farmers with respect to these conservation practices have received little attention. This paper uses an expanded version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework to identify the socio-psychological factors that influence farmers' intentions to adopt conservation practices. The TPB hypothesizes that intention is determined by three psychological constructs: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Perceived resources and some socioeconomic issues are also considered in the expanded TPB framework. A structured survey of 506 farmers was conducted, with farmers categorized into groups who received and did not receive subsidy payments. A principle components analysis was applied to check the structure of the latent TPB constructs. We used a logistic model to identify the impact of perceived resources, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and other socioeconomic characteristics on farmers' intentions to adopt conservation practices. Results show that the intentions of subsidized conservation participants were significantly influenced by perceived resources, behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norms. Non-subsidized conservation participants were significantly influenced by perceived resources, behavioral control, and subjective norms. Numerous socioeconomic factors were also significantly associated with intentions. To improve the adoption of sustainable conservation practices by farmers, attention should be paid to both psychological and socioeconomic issues that could improve the sustainability of A. melanoleuca conservation and the livelihoods of farmers in southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes China's public perception of climate change in terms of several influence factors and some empirical findings are obtained. We find that some respondents are willing to take individual actions to address climate change, and they pay more attention to climate change or approve that climate change does harm to residents and society; meanwhile, they tend to have confidence in the government to deal with climate change or believe that fiscal and taxation policies are the effective policy measures. However, there are also other respondents unwilling to take actions and argue that climate change proves the natural consequences. Thus, in order to motivate the public to take actions, the paper suggests that the government should widespreadly disseminate relevant knowledge about climate change to the public and guide the work to address climate change and adopt proper fiscal and taxation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks: do most Uyghurs perceive themselves to be middle class or lower class? What are the major determinants of their perceptions? Data are drawn from a 2007 survey (N = 900) conducted in Ürümchi in China. This paper focuses on individualized and subjective hierarchical differentiation and reports three main findings about class identity among Uyghurs. Firstly, class identity is not closely linked to occupational attainment and income among Uyghurs. However, education is a key determinant of Uyghur class identification. Secondly, psychological well-being measures are not predictors of the choice of class label by Uyghurs. Thirdly, ethnic consciousness is closely related to class identification among Uyghurs, holding main background characteristics constant. Uyghurs give more attention to their group concerns (discrimination, prejudices, intergroup inequality, etc.) than to their individual worries (such as unemployment or stress) when choosing a class label. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The context of mainland China remains under-researched in the bereavement literature. This article reports on a qualitative study on bereaved people's experience in mainland China in light of their relational beings, uncovering varied applications of cultural emphases on harmony in their ongoing lives. By collecting and analysing qualitative data from a sample of 31 bereaved people, a largely traditional but changing picture of the bereavement experience is captured. The findings highlight the predominant values of harmony and familism in shaping the Chinese bereaved people's identities in their ongoing lives. This article examines the idea of relational beings in the context of mainland China by shedding light on the reported experience of bereavement, and thus, furthers the ongoing debates on socio-cultural constructions of bereaved people's identities. Accordingly, this paper provides researchers and practitioners with an in-depth narrative of bereaved people's experience in this largely under-explored society, providing theoretical and empirical evidence to inform future studies, as well as bereavement support and policy-making in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of new financing methods in the networked society, and due to the underdeveloped social security system in China, more and more patients and their families have to choose crowdfunding as an important way to raise treatment funds. Using thematic narrative analysis, this paper studied 100 texts of medical crowdfunding on Easy Fundraising from February 27, 2018 to May 1. It is found that the requests used a series of strategies including: constructing the identity of the patient in order to build a disadvantaged image worthy of help; using tragic narration based on the traditional Chinese cultural elements such as "family concept" and "filial piety" and contrast of the patients' experience before and after the illness to mobilize the sympathy of potential donors; and downplaying the needs itself in order to maintain patients' self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption monitoring technology plays a very important role in the realization of intelligent building energy saving, but it is not accepted widely in China. The main reasons for this are the low public energy-saving awareness and incomplete informational policy instruments; thus, studying how informational policy instruments affect the adoption of energy consumption monitoring technology and the impact of energy-saving awareness is of great significance to the widespread acceptance of energy consumption monitoring technology and its role in the realization of intelligent building energy saving. This paper introduces informational policy instruments and energy-saving awareness into technology acceptance model and builds an extended technology acceptance model. A questionnaire survey of 298 respondents who related to the operation and management of public buildings was used to explore the effect mechanism of informational policy instruments on adopting energy consumption monitoring technology. The results show that (1) informational policy instruments have no direct impact on the acceptance of energy consumption monitoring technology (2) and energy-saving awareness, attitudes, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use can mediate the relationship between informational policy instruments and behavioral intention of adopting energy consumption monitoring technology, namely, informational policy instruments can affect behavioral intention through six paths which are informational policy instruments ➔ energy-saving awareness ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ energy-saving awareness ➔ attitudes ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ attitudes ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ perceived ease of use ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ perceived ease of use ➔ perceived usefulness ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ perceived usefulness ➔ behavioral intention. Finally, relevant policies and suggestions are put forward based on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change poses a potential risk to coastal infrastructure, thus threatening the economics or even the safety of human beings. Thus, a better understanding of the attitude of port organizations toward climate adaptation and mitigation is essential. This paper addresses this research gap by investigating 18 port organizations in China. The questions include the impediments and the impact of context, systems, and other factors on the implementation of adaptation strategies. The results indicate that port organizations are generally aware of climate change impacts and agree that some further steps are needed. However, policy support serves as a key factor in implementing adaptation plans. Apart from offering important insight on the attitude of port organizations, the study also serves as a platform for further research on climate adaptation planning in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A main purpose of the present study was to examine and compare attitudes toward inclusive education between parents of children with ASD, parents of typically developing children, and classroom teachers in China. The investigators also sought to explore factors influencing different stakeholders' perspectives. An attitude survey was distributed to 14 institutions in Shanghai and Anhui Province in China, including four kindergartens, two elementary schools, four special schools, and four private training agencies. Seven hundred and twelve responses were received, including 170 from parents of children with ASD, 337 from parents of typically developing children, and 197 from classroom teachers. Both multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted to compare differences in attitudes between groups. The results indicate that parents of children with ASD held the most positive attitudes toward inclusion, whereas classroom teachers held the least positive attitudes toward the inclusion of children with ASD. Further analyses revealed that not only were adults' attitudes influenced by their identities as parents or teachers, but their background may also influence how they perceive inclusive education. The findings of the study provided a comprehensive view on how different parties perceive inclusive education of ASD. It also provided empirical evidence that inclusion generally has a positive impact on people's attitudes toward ASD. Implications and suggestions for future research and practices were further discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The logistics environment between China and Korea has been changing rapidly in line with the 'Go West' policy of international trade and logistics area. The policy includes the BRI, Western Development Strategy, and Korea–China FTA. Against this background, the Korea–China train ferry (KCTF) is being newly illuminated as an alternative mode to cope with the logistics environment between Korea and China. One of the key success factors of the KCTF depends on, among others, shippers' perception, which will affect the choice and the successful operation of the KCTF. From this perspective, this paper develops seven hypotheses based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We test these hypotheses using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the structural relationship between shippers' behavioral beliefs influencing the perceived usefulness, the attitude toward and intention to choose the KCTF. The test results confirm that among the behavioral beliefs, transport accessibility in association with an efficient network of inland roads and railway networks is an important prerequisite. In addition, we verified a high statistical significance in the structural relationships among perceived usefulness, the attitude toward and the intention to choose the KCTF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experiences from SWH systems mandatory installation in China were summarized. • The interaction of seven stakeholders in SWH building application was analyzed. • Three key factors for the successful mandatory installation of SWH were summarized. • Recommendations were given for using the mandatory installation policy effectively. • The government should regularly evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation. The paper summarizes the implementation experiences and lessons learned from the solar water heating (SWH) system mandatory installation policy in China. In-depth interviews, questionnaire surveys and field investigation were conducted to understand the prevailing attitudes of the stakeholders associated with the application of SWH in buildings. Scenario analysis was used to analyze the effect of expanding the coverage of mandatory installation policies. The results show that due to the strong market externalities of SWH building applications, the government must provide inducements to stakeholders through mandatory policies or fiscal incentives to create an impetus for them to use SWH extensively. For China, it is necessary to strengthen and support the utilization of renewable energy policies and extend the mandatory installation policy of SWH systems to taller buildings to fulfill the national renewable energy application goals. The most reasonable technical route, full process control, and attention to system operation and maintenance are the three key factors for the successful implementation of a mandatory installation policy for SWH systems. The policy recommendations presented in this paper can not only be applied to China but also other developing countries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social is the property of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article comments on the paper "Shame: An Acute Stress Response to Interpersonal Traumatization," by Dianne Trumbull. Topics mentioned include the visual dimension, power, and pain of shame, distinction between shame and guilt, the role of shame in development and attachment emotion, the impact of shame on self-esteem, and the interaction of shame and culture.

This paper attempts to define a Chinese perspective on public opinion. To this end, the paper draws from writings on Confucian philosophy, which resonates with the enduring value system of China, and presents the manifestations of the perspective of public opinion as personal cultivation in the sociopolitical history of China. In particular, the role of li, which is the route to personal cultivation in the public sphere, face, and shame in the Chinese public opinion process is explicated. The main thesis of the paper is that public opinion in China has been viewed as integrally related to personal cultivation. The paper contends that the normative notion of public opinion as personal cultivation has served as a source of social control, which occurred in three levels, including that of the people, the rulers, and the maintenance of the sociopolitical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]