14 results on '"Cavallini, A."'
Search Results
2. Exercise training in ad libitum and food-restricted old rats: effects on metabolic and physiological parameters
- Author
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Maria Chiara Carboncini, Gabriella Cavallini, Marco Dini, Paolo Bongioanni, and Silvia Corbianco
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,Biological age ,Dietary restriction ,Physiology ,Physical exercise ,Protein oxidation ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Animals ,Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Animal species ,Exercise ,Caloric Restriction ,Health span ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Plasma levels ,Rats ,Food restriction ,030104 developmental biology ,Food ,Rat ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Gerontology ,Bioelectrical impedance analysis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in the healthy function of multiple organs, leading to increased incidence and mortality from diseases such as cancer and inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary restriction is the most effective experimental intervention known to consistently slow the aging process and with positive effects on health span in different organisms, from invertebrates to mammals. Age is also associated with progressive decline in physical activity levels in a wide range of animal species: therefore, regular physical exercise could represent a safe intervention to antagonize aging. In this research we explore the effects of exercise training initiated in late middle aged rats fed with different lifelong dietary regimens: one group was fed ad libitum and the second group was subjected to every-other-day fasting. These two groups might represent examples of "normal" aging and "successful" aging. The study shows the effects of exercise and food restriction and their interaction on plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity, lactate, amino acids, and on products of protein oxidation in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles. In addition, we evaluated body composition measurement by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by grasping test. Results show that late-onset exercise training has the potential to improve some metabolic and physiological parameters in rats with the same "chronological age" but different "biological age", without negative effects, and highlight the relevance of a personalised and selected exercise protocol, since the responsiveness to exercise may depend on the individual's "biological age".
- Published
- 2020
3. Effects of Aging and Anti-Aging Caloric Restrictions on Carbonyl and Heat Shock Protein Levels and Expression
- Author
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Colotti, C., Cavallini, G., Vitale, R. L., Donati, A., Maltinti, M., Del Ry, S., Bergamini, E., and Giannessi, D.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Caloric restrictions affect some factors involved in age-related hypercholesterolemia
- Author
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Gabriella Cavallini, Alessio Donati, Anna Trentalance, Chiara Martini, Valentina Pallottini, Ettore Bergamini, Martini, C, Pallottini, Valentina, Cavallini, G, Donati, A, Bergaminie, and Trentalance, A.
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Coenzyme A ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Reductase ,Biochemistry ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Random Allocation ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Caloric Restriction ,biology ,Cholesterol ,SREBP cleavage-activating protein ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Membrane Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Sterol regulatory element-binding protein ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Liver ,Receptors, LDL ,Ageing ,HMG-CoA reductase ,LDL receptor ,biology.protein ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) - Abstract
Ageing has been defined as a progressive decrease in physiological capacity and a reduced ability to respond to environmental stresses. It has been observed that diet-restricted animals show a minor morbidity in age-related disease. Among these age-related diseases, hypercholesterolemia is the most recurring one and it is often associated with cardiac failure. Several studies have been published indicating age-dependent changes in circulating levels of cholesterol in both humans and in rodents; recently changes have also been reported in the proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis, that is, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), Insig-induced gene (Insig) protein, SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr). Most age-related modifications of biochemical parameters are normalized or very improved in food-restricted animals, so the aim of this work is to examine whether or not alterations of the factors involved in cholesterol homeostasis which occur during ageing could be counteracted by caloric restriction (CR). The data show that the diet restrictions used attenuate the age-related effects on the factors involved in the synthesis and the degradation rate of HMG-CoAR; in spite of this, CRs have a good effect on the age-related hypercholesterolemia whose reduction seems to depend both on the correct membrane LDLr localization and on the proper restored HMG-CoAR activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 235–243, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2007
5. Age-related changes of isoprenoid biosynthesis in rat liver and brain
- Author
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Gabriella Cavallini, Anna Trentalance, Valentina Pallottini, Maria Marino, Ettore Bergamini, Pallottini, Valentina, Marino, Maria, Cavallini, G, Bergamini, E, and Trentalance, A.
- Subjects
Male ,Senescence ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mevalonic Acid ,Biology ,Reductase ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Eating ,Random Allocation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dolichol ,Biosynthesis ,Western blot ,Dolichols ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Caloric Restriction ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Terpenes ,Cholesterol ,Brain ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Enzyme ,Liver ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Ageing ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology - Abstract
The physiological role of dolichol is not yet known but its accumulation in several tissues has been extensively reported in various physiological states or pathological conditions. Increased dolichol concentration in mammalian tissues during ageing has been also reported; in particular, we have previously indicated dolichol accumulation in liver as a new biomarker of ageing. However, the mechanism and the role of this accumulation is unknown. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of the age-dependent dolichol accumulation analysing, in the liver and in the brain, the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of isoprenoid biosynthesis, the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, the dolichol and cholesterol synthesis on aged rats both fed ad libitum and caloric restricted. Furthermore, the dolichol and cholesterol levels in the plasma were assayed. The data shows that during ageing, the tissue dolichol accumulation is connected with the increase of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity and only in liver affected by diet restriction. In addition the aged rats maintain the capability to regulate their tissue cholesterol content by modifying cholesterol delivery into the blood. The amount of the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase enzyme detectable in liver and brain by Western blot analysis does not show significant changes during ageing. The presented data show that the accumulation of dolichol is related to the loss of enzymatic regulation characteristic of ageing. In fact, a higher mevalonate availability deriving from an increased expressed activity of HMGCoA-R could cause an increased production of dolichol.
- Published
- 2003
6. Effects of aging, antiaging calorie restriction and in vivo stimulation of autophagy on the urinary excretion of 8OHdG in male Sprague-Dawley rats
- Author
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Gabriella Cavallini, Ettore Bergamini, and Alessio Donati
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calorie restriction ,Stimulation ,Urine ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,Autophagy ,medicine ,Animals ,Everolimus ,Caloric Restriction ,Hypolipidemic Agents ,Sirolimus ,Analysis of Variance ,Deoxyguanosine ,General Medicine ,Rats ,Oxidative Stress ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) excreted into the urine is considered a marker of oxidative stress effect on DNA, and it is reported to be mainly produced by the DNA repair system. In previous works, we showed that autophagy was also involved in 8OHdG disposal through the degradation of oxidatively altered mitochondria. Here, we show that aging in Sprague–Dawley male rats is associated with a decline in the in vitro function of liver autophagy and a slight and not significant decrease in the urinary excretion of 8OHdG. In addition, we demonstrate that anti-aging caloric restriction maintains levels of both liver autophagy and urinary excretion of 8OHdG at very high levels throughout life. Finally, we show the in vivo stimulation of autophagy by the administration of an antilipolytic agent or everolimus, which rescues rats from the accumulation of 8OHdG in the liver mtDNA, also causes a dramatic increase in the urinary excretion of 8OHdG. The intensification of autophagy by the administration of the antilipolytic drugs to fasting rats faded progressively with increasing age, together with a reduced increase in 8OHdG output into the urine. It is concluded that the process of autophagy may play a major role in the disposal of 8OHdG with urine, and that the assay of 8OHdG levels in the urine before and after the stimulation of autophagy may provide a novel, non-invasive and safe procedure to monitor the in vivo functioning of the process.
- Published
- 2013
7. Low-level caloric restriction rescues proteasome activity and HSC70 level in liver of aged rats
- Author
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Mara Bonelli, Antonello A. Romani, Ettore Bergamini, Silvia Desenzani, Gabriella Cavallini, Alessio Donati, and Angelo F. Borghetti
- Subjects
Senescence ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,Blotting, Western ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Caloric Restriction ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Caloric theory ,Proteasome complex ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Enzyme ,Proteasome ,chemistry ,Ageing ,Chaperone (protein) ,biology.protein ,Liver function ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology - Abstract
Proteasome activity is known to decrease with aging in ad libitum (AL) fed rats. Severe caloric restriction (CR) significantly extends the maximum life-span of rats, and counteracts the age-associated decrease in liver proteasome activities. Since few investigations have explored whether lower CR diets might positively counteract the age associated decrease in proteasome activity, we then investigated the effects of a mild CR regimen on animal life-span, proteasome content and function. In addition, we addressed the question whether both CR regimens might also affect the expression of Hsc70 protein, a constitutive chaperone reported to share a role in the function of proteasome complex and in the repair of proteotoxic damage, and whose level decreased during aging. In contrast to severe CR, mild CR had a poor effect on life-span; however, it better counteracted the decrease of proteasome activities. Both regimens, however, maintain Hsc70 in liver of old rats at level comparable to that of young rats. Interestingly, the effects of aging and CRs on liver proteasome enzyme activities did not appear to be associated with parallel changes in the amount of proteasome proteins suggesting that the quality (molecular activity of the enzymes) rather than the quantity are likely to be modified with age. In conclusion, the results presented in this work show that a mild CR can have beneficial effects on liver function of aging rats because is adequate to counteract the decrease of proteasome function and Hsc70 chaperone level.
- Published
- 2008
8. Towards an understanding of the anti-aging mechanism of caloric restriction
- Author
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Ettore Bergamini, Alessio Donati, Gabriella Cavallini, and Zina Gori
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Aging ,Lipolysis ,Cell ,Calorie restriction ,Longevity ,Stimulation ,Vacuole ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Biomarkers of aging ,medicine ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,Cellular Senescence ,Caloric Restriction ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Cell biology ,Rats ,Oxidative Stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Oxidative stress ,Biomarkers ,Hormone - Abstract
Accumulation of oxidatively altered cell components may play a role in the age-related cell deterioration and associated diseases. Caloric restriction is the most robust anti-aging intervention that extends lifespan and retards the appearance of age-associated diseases. Autophagy is a highly conserved cell-repair process in which the cytoplasm, including excess or aberrant organelles, is sequestered into double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the degradative vacuoles. Autophagy has an essential role in adaptation to fasting and changing environmental conditions. Several pieces of evidence show that autophagy may be an essential part in the anti-aging mechanism of caloric restriction: 1. The function of autophagy declines with increasing age; 2. The temporal pattern of the decline parallels the changes in biomarkers of membrane aging and in amino acid and hormone signalling. 3. These age-dependent changes in autophagy are prevented by calorie restriction. 4. The prevention of the changes in autophagy and biomarkers of aging co-varies with the effects of calorie restriction on life-span. 5. A long-lasting inhibition of autophagy accelerates the process of aging. 6. A long-lasting stimulation of autophagy retards the process of aging in rats. 7. Stimulation of autophagy may rescue older cells from accumulation of altered mtDNA. 8. Stimulation of autophagy counteracts the age-related hypercholesterolemia in rodents. It is suggested that the pharmacological intensification of suppression of aging (P.I.S.A. treatment) by the stimulation of autophagy might prove to be a big step towards retardation of aging and prevention of age-associated diseases in humans.
- Published
- 2008
9. Peripheral lymphocyte 8-OHdG levels correlate with age-associated increase of tissue oxidative DNA damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Protective effects of caloric restriction
- Author
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Silvia Fasanella, Federica I. Wolf, Achille Cittadini, Alessio Donati, Beatrice Tedesco, Ettore Bergamini, and Gabriella Cavallini
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Calorie ,Lymphocyte ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Lymphocytes ,Molecular Biology ,Caloric Restriction ,Caloric theory ,Skeletal muscle ,Deoxyguanosine ,Cell Biology ,DNA oxidation ,Immunohistochemistry ,Small intestine ,Peripheral ,Rats ,Oxidative Stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine ,Immunology ,Biomarkers ,DNA Damage - Abstract
8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine adducts (8-OHdG), indices of oxidative DNA damage, were measured by immunohystochemistry with diaminobenzidine detection in the brain, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, tenuum mucosa and lymphocytes from young (4 months) and aged (24 months) Sprague-Dawley rats fed ad libitum or held on two different caloric restriction diets (alternate day ad libitum feeding or daily feeding with 40% reduced calories). In the absence of caloric restriction the levels of oxidative DNA damage increased as a function of age in all tissues examined, with a maximum approximately 3-fold increase being detected in the peripheral lymphocytes and the heart and a minimum approximately 2-fold increase being detected in the liver and brain tissues. Caloric restriction regimens effectively reduced age-dependent increase of oxidative DNA damage in all tissues examined; in particular, the brain and small intestine did not exhibit any age-related increase of oxidative DNA damage. We propose that the levels of 8-OHdG in peripheral lymphocytes may serve a biochemical index of age-related whole organism oxidative DNA damage. Immunohistochemistry might be exploited as a rapid and simple techniques for measuring lymphocytes oxidative DNA damage in large scale studies.
- Published
- 2005
10. Low level dietary restriction retards age-related dolichol accumulation
- Author
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Gabriella Cavallini, Ettore Bergamini, Zina Gori, I Parentini, and Alessio Donati
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,business.industry ,Geriatrics gerontology ,Rats sprague dawley ,Rats ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Dolichol ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Age related ,Rat liver ,Dolichols ,Medicine ,Animals ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Caloric Restriction - Published
- 2002
11. Effect of Aging and Anti-Aging Caloric Restriction on the Endocrine Regulation of Rat Liver Autophagy.
- Author
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Donati, Alessio, Recchia, Gianluca, Cavallini, Gabriella, and Bergamini, Ettore
- Subjects
LOW-calorie diet ,AGING prevention ,INSULIN ,RATS ,HORMONES ,GLUCAGON - Abstract
Autophagy is a process that sequesters and degrades altered organelles and macromolecular cytoplasmic constituents for cellular restructuring and repair, and as a source of nutrients for metabolic use in early starvation it may be involved in anti-aging mechanisms of caloric restriction. The effects of 40% daily dietary restriction (DR) and intermittent feeding (EOD) on the age-related changes in the endocrine regulation of autophagic proteolysis were studied by monitoring the rate of valine release from isolated rat liver cells. Results show that in ad libitum-fed rats sensitivity of autophagy to glucagon and insulin declines by one order of magnitude in older rats. Both DR and EOD maintain the sensitivity to glucagon at juvenile levels, whereas only EOD can fully maintain response to insulin. It is concluded that changes in the sensitivity to glucagon may have a role in the aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Role of Autophagy in Aging.
- Author
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BERGAMINI, ETTORE, CAVALLINI, GABRIELLA, DONATI, ALESSIO, and GORI, ZINA
- Subjects
- *
PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *AUTOPHAGY , *OXYGEN in the body , *FREE radicals , *CELLULAR aging , *AGING prevention , *LOW-calorie diet , *HUMAN life cycle , *GERONTOLOGY - Abstract
Aging denotes a postmaturational deterioration of cells and organisms with the passage of time, an increased vulnerability to challenges and prevalence of age-associated diseases, and a decreased ability to survive. Causes of this deterioration may be found in an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage and incomplete “housekeeping.” Caloric restriction is the most robust anti-aging intervention known so far. Similar beneficial effects on median and maximum life span were obtained by feeding animals a 40%-reduced diet or by every-other-day ad libitum feeding. In both instances, animals are forced to spend a great part of their time in a state of fasting and activated autophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotes, in which the cytoplasm, including excess or aberrant organelles, is sequestered into double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the lysosome/vacuole, for breakdown and eventual recycling of the resulting macromolecules. This process has an essential role in adaptation to fasting and changing environmental conditions, cellular remodeling during development, and accumulation of altered ROS-hypergenerating organelles in older cells. Several pieces of evidence show that autophagy is involved in aging and is an essential part of the anti-aging mechanism of caloric restriction. As an application, intensification of autophagy by the administration of an antilipolytic drug rescued older cells from accumulation of altered mtDNA in less than 6 hours. It is concluded that the pharmacologic intensification of autophagy (PISA treatment) has anti-aging effects and might prove to be a big step toward retardation of aging and prevention of age-associated diseases in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Age-related changes of isoprenoid biosynthesis in rat liver and brain.
- Author
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Pallottini, V., Marino, M., Cavallini, G., Bergamini, E., and Trentalance, A.
- Subjects
ISOPENTENOID synthesis ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,AGING ,LIVER ,BRAIN ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
The physiological role of dolichol is not yet known but its accumulation in several tissues has been extensively reported in various physiological states or pathological conditions. Increased dolichol concentration in mammalian tissues during ageing has been also reported; in particular, we have previously indicated dolichol accumulation in liver as a new biomarker of ageing. However, the mechanism and the role of this accumulation is unknown. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of the age-dependent dolichol accumulation analysing, in the liver and in the brain, the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of isoprenoid biosynthesis, the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, the dolichol and cholesterol synthesis on aged rats both fed ad libitum and caloric restricted. Furthermore, the dolichol and cholesterol levels in the plasma were assayed. The data shows that during ageing, the tissue dolichol accumulation is connected with the increase of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity and only in liver affected by diet restriction. In addition the aged rats maintain the capability to regulate their tissue cholesterol content by modifying cholesterol delivery into the blood. The amount of the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase enzyme detectable in liver and brain by Western blot analysis does not show significant changes during ageing. The presented data show that the accumulation of dolichol is related to the loss of enzymatic regulation characteristic of ageing. In fact, a higher mevalonate availability deriving from an increased expressed activity of HMGCoA-R could cause an increased production of dolichol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Peripheral lymphocyte 8-OHdG levels correlate with age-associated increase of tissue oxidative DNA damage in Sprague–Dawley rats. Protective effects of caloric restriction
- Author
-
Wolf, Federica I., Fasanella, Silvia, Tedesco, Beatrice, Cavallini, Gabriella, Donati, Alessio, Bergamini, Ettore, and Cittadini, Achille
- Subjects
- *
DNA damage , *BIOCHEMICAL genetics , *LYMPHOCYTES , *AGING - Abstract
Abstract: 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine adducts (8-OHdG), indices of oxidative DNA damage, were measured by immunohystochemistry with diaminobenzidine detection in the brain, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, tenuum mucosa and lymphocytes from young (4 months) and aged (24 months) Sprague–Dawley rats fed ad libitum or held on two different caloric restriction diets (alternate day ad libitum feeding or daily feeding with 40% reduced calories). In the absence of caloric restriction the levels of oxidative DNA damage increased as a function of age in all tissues examined, with a maximum ∼3-fold increase being detected in the peripheral lymphocytes and the heart and a minimum ∼2-fold increase being detected in the liver and brain tissues. Caloric restriction regimens effectively reduced age-dependent increase of oxidative DNA damage in all tissues examined; in particular, the brain and small intestine did not exhibit any age-related increase of oxidative DNA damage. We propose that the levels of 8-OHdG in peripheral lymphocytes may serve a biochemical index of age-related whole organism oxidative DNA damage. Immunohistochemistry might be exploited as a rapid and simple techniques for measuring lymphocytes oxidative DNA damage in large scale studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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