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Chaotic oscillation in a power system is considered the main cause of power blackouts in large-scale interconnected power grids. The chaotic oscillation mechanisms and the control methods for chaos oscillation of power systems need to be analyzed. This paper thus proposed an adaptive control method for chaotic power systems using finite-time stability theory and passivity-based control approach. The adaptive feedback controller is first constructed using the finite-time stability theory and the passive theory to make the chaotic power system equivalent to a closed-loop passive system. We then proved that the passive power system can stabilize the equilibrium points. We also extensively studied fourth-order power system. Results show that the controller based on the finite-time theory and the passivity-based control approach can effectively stabilize the chaotic behavior within finite time. The control strategy was also found to be robust to the different power system states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]