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In view of the fact that the current adaptive steganography algorithms are difficult to resist scaling attacks and that a method resisting scaling attack is only for the nearest neighbor interpolation method, this paper proposes an image steganography algorithm based on quantization index modulation resisting both scaling attacks and statistical detection. For the spatial image, this paper uses the watermarking algorithm based on quantization index modulation to extract the embedded domain. Then construct the embedding distortion function of the new embedded domain based on S-UNIWARD steganography, and use the minimum distortion coding to realize the embedding of the secret messages. Finally, according to the embedding modification amplitude of secret messages in the new embedded domain, the quantization index modulation algorithm is applied to realize the final embedding of secret messages in the original embedded domain. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed is robust to the three common interpolation attacks including the nearest neighbor interpolation, the bilinear interpolation and the bicubic interpolation. And the average correct extraction rate of embedded messages increases from 50% to over 93% after 0.5 times-fold scaling attack using the bicubic interpolation method, compared with the classical steganography algorithm S-UNIWARD. Also the algorithm proposed has higher detection resistance than the original watermarking algorithm based on quantization index modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantization of the electrical charge in the electrodynamics and of the hypercharge in the standard model are imposed in the theory based not on theoretical arguments but on the experimental observations. In this paper we propose a quantum consistency condition in a theory where Ward identities are respected that requires the quantization of the charge within the framework of the theory without external impositions. This refers to the renormalization conditions in the background gauge field method such that to ensure a correct mathematical correspondence between the bare partition function and the renormalized one. Applied to the standard model of elementary particles our criterion together with the anomaly cancellation condition leads to the correct hypercharge assignment of all standard model fermions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A noncommutative negative order AKNS (NC-AKNS(-1)) equation is studied. To show the integrability of the system, we present explicitly the underlying integrable structure such as Lax pair, zero-curvature condition, an infinite sequence of conserved densities, Darboux transformation (DT) and quasideterminant soliton solutions. Moreover, the NC-AKNS(-1) equation is compared with its commutative counterpart not only on the level of nonlinear evolution equation but also for the explicit solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sampled-data based quantisation control for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy switched systems with actuator failures under asynchronous switching is studied. By the T-S fuzzy model, sampled-data based asynchronous control is extended into switched non-linear systems. An improved functional method is introduced. Applying this method, improved Lyapunov functionals are constructed. These functionals are mode dependent and piecewise continuous; not every term of these functionals is required to be positive definite; sampling states at both sides of sampling intervals are introduced into these functionals. More useful information with respect to system states is reflected in constructing functionals. Combining these functionals with the averaged dwell time technique, stabilisation conditions are relaxed, and improved exponential stabilisation criteria are obtained with less conservatism. In addition, variation ranges of membership functions are taken into account to reduce conservatism. Then, a sampled-data based fuzzy quantisation controller is designed. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The gluon propagator plays a central role in determining the dynamics of QCD. In this work we demonstrate for BRST quantised QCD that the Dyson–Schwinger equation imposes significant analytic constraints on the structure of this propagator. In particular, we find that these constraints control the appearance of massless components in the gluon spectral density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, we discuss quantization effects in rigid formation control systems when target formations are described by interagent distances. Because of practical sensing and measurement constraints, we consider in this paper distance measurements in their quantized forms. We show that under gradient‐based formation control, in the case of uniform quantization, the distance errors converge locally to a bounded set whose size depends on the quantization error, while in the case of logarithmic quantization, all distance errors converge locally to zero. A special quantizer involving the signum function is then considered with which all agents can only measure coarse distances in terms of binary information. In this case, the formation converges locally to a target formation within a finite time. Lastly, we discuss the effect of asymmetric uniform quantization on rigid formation control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Promoting recycling is one of the best effective measures to relieve contradictions such as “waste siege” and resource shortage in China. To do that, quantifying and recognizing the recycling potential (RCP) of recyclable waste (RCW) are foundations. This study quantifies the RCP of RCW (RCP-RCW) in Suzhou, a typical developed city in East China, based on a systematic tracking survey for one week in each season and in different districts starting from the summer of 2011 to the spring of 2017. Results show that Suzhou's RCP-RCW was 92.7 (89.3–96.0), with a 90% confidence interval percentage, among which, recyclable organics and recyclable material (RCM) accounted for 55.1% and 37.6%, respectively. In RCMs, a high RCM recovery value and low RCM recovery value accounted for 64.8% and 26.0%, respectively. RCW generation was 242.4 thousand tons in 2016 and is expected to reach 738.8 thousand tons in 2030. Moreover, spatiotemporal variation of RCW was characterized. Factors, such as local customs and culture, dietary habits, residential lifestyles and consumption structure influence the RCW stream generation. All the obtained results can improve the knowledge base for effectively promote recycling, and contribute to making governmental policy and the recycling industry's business development in Suzhou and other Chinese cities. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Recycling potential of recyclable waste (RCW) were quantitated. • RCWs generation trends were estimated. • Recommendations for recycling were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We propose a simple yet effective quantization to embed deep binary codes. • Activations from multiple CNN layers function together through weighted score fusion in the proposed framework. • Handcrafted local descriptor SIFT, as a kind of low level feature, can also be combined in our fusion procedure. • Regularized diffusion process are customized on the ranking list to make the similarity estimation vary smoothly. • Extensive experiments are conducted on four public datasets, and state-of-the-art results are obtained on Holidays and UKBench datasets. Abstract Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved a breakthrough on a large number of image retrieval benchmarks. However, most previous works make use of the CNNs following the image classification strategy, where the last fully connected layer activations of the whole image are occupied as a single holistic feature vector. To improve the representation power of CNNs, this paper proposes a Multi-layer Fusion (MF) approach to aggregate deep activations for image retrieval task. The key insight of our approach is that different layers of a CNN are sensitive to specific patterns, and are complementary with each other for image representation. Specifically, our approach transforms CNN activations to deep binary codes embedded in the inverted index of Bag-of-Words structure for fast retrieval. Those activations are derived from multiple layers of a CNN on local patches, for features from orderless local areas have proved superior to global ones in the low level handcrafted cases. Corresponding weights and diffusion process are thereafter utilized to penalize and re-rank the individual similarity scores of layers. Our method is efficient, which extracts visual features from different layers only once. Furthermore, the proposed MF approach can be easily extended to include SIFT features to enhance the representation power. Extensive experiments on four public retrieval datasets quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of our contributions, and the proposed algorithm prove to be the new state-of-the-art on the Holidays and UKBench datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Surface antiferromagnetism of the Cr(0 0 1) c(2 × 2) surface. • Quantitative determination of the antiferromagnetic coupling angles. • New spin quantization axes along the [1 1 0] of Cr(0 0 1). Abstract We present spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy results for 8 micrometer thick, chromium (0 0 1)-oriented thin films deposited using molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(0 0 1) substrates, achieving a smooth, atomically-stepped staircase morphology. The c(2 × 2) surface structure of the Cr(0 0 1) surface was found via atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images and dI/dV spectroscopy. A practical method of interpreting spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy dI/dV images was developed and applied to the c(2 × 2) Cr(0 0 1) surface structure. A 180° spin reversal between atomic layers, characteristic of a topological, layer-wise antiferromagnetic spin structure, was quantitatively verified. In addition, the spin anisotropy directions for 3 different antiferromagnetic, atomic staircase domains occurring on the c(2 × 2) surface were quantitatively determined to coincide with the [1 0 0], [0 1 0], and [1 1 0] crystallographic axes of chromium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structures and objects used in Hamiltonian secondary quantization are discussed. By the secondary quantization of a Hamiltonian system ℋ, we mean the Schrödinger quantization of another Hamiltonian system ℋ1 for which the Hamiltonian equation is the Schrödinger one obtained by the quantization of the original Hamiltonian system ℋ. The phase space of ℋ1 is the realification ℍR of the complex Hilbert space ℍ of the quantum analogue of ℋ equipped with the natural symplectic structure. The role of a configuration space is played by the maximal real subspace of ℍ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Pair-correlated speed distributions are major observables of polyatomic reactions. • Four isotopic variants of the OH + CH 4 reaction are considered. • The classical trajectory method in a quantum spirit reproduces the distributions. Abstract In 2005, Kopin Liu and co-workers used crossed molecular beam and velocity map imaging technics in order to measure pair-correlated product speed distributions for the OH + CH 4 reaction and seven isotopic variants. We recently reproduced half of them with good accuracy by means of the classical trajectory method in a quantum spirit, which takes into account the semiclassical quantization of product vibrational motions. The second half are successfully reproduced here by using the same approach. The present results constitute one more proof of the ability of the classical trajectory method to provide satisfying predictions for polyatomic processes provided that a few quantum constraints are included in the calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the stochastic stability of Markovian jump linear systems in a communication network-based environment. By modeling quantization density as well as the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator delays as Markov chains, the closed-loop networked control systems are expressed as switched linear systems. The necessary and sufficient conditions of stochastic stability are derived. By solving a set of linear matrix inequalities with matrix inversion constraints, this work presents a three-mode-dependent state-feedback controller. Its control performance is illustrated via a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In physics, one is often misled in thinking that the mathematical model of a system is part of or is that system itself. Think of expressions commonly used in physics like "point" particle, motion "on the line", "smooth" observables, wave function, and even "going to infinity", without forgetting perplexing phrases like "classical world" versus "quantum world".... On the other hand, when a mathematical model becomes really inoperative in regard with correct predictions, one is forced to replace it with a new one. It is precisely what happened with the emergence of quantum physics. Classical models were (progressively) superseded by quantum ones through quantization prescriptions. These procedures appear often as ad hoc recipes. In the present paper, well defined quantizations, based on integral calculus and Weyl-Heisenberg symmetry, are described in simple terms through one of the most basic examples of mechanics. Starting from (quasi-) probability distribution(s) on the Euclidean plane viewed as the phase space for the motion of a point particle on the line, i.e., its classical model, we will show how to build corresponding quantum model(s) and associated probabilities (e.g. Husimi) or quasi-probabilities (e.g. Wigner) distributions. We highlight the regularizing rôle of such procedures with the familiar example of the motion of a particle with a variable mass and submitted to a step potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of finding an optimal random dither quantizer for quantized control of positive systems. We show that the random dither quantizer with a uniform distribution is optimal and demonstrate it by a numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction networks are a general formalism for describing collections of classical entities interacting in a random way. While reaction networks are mainly studied by chemists, they are equivalent to Petri nets, which are used for similar purposes in computer science and biology. As noted by Doi and others, techniques from quantum physics, such as second quantization, can be adapted to apply to such systems. Here we use these techniques to study how the “master equation” describing stochastic time evolution for a reaction network is related to the “rate equation” describing the deterministic evolution of the expected number of particles of each species in the large-number limit. We show that the relation is especially strong when a solution of master equation is a “coherent state”, meaning that the numbers of entities of each kind are described by independent Poisson distributions. Remarkably, in this case the rate equation and master equation give the exact same formula for the time derivative of the expected number of particles of each species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a highly configurable non-linear compression scheme and its implementation as a configurable, compressive successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The non-linear ADC takes advantage of the input signal amplitude statistics and application sensitivity to maximize the information content of the digitized signal. This allows for potential power savings in the ADC conversion and the digital post-processing that follows it. This paper is the first mixed-signal interface that is fully configurable in terms of its non-linear quantization approach, supporting a wide variety of quantization functions. A 90-nm CMOS proof-of-concept chip operating at 33 kS/s is presented. The versatility and broad applicability of this proposal are further demonstrated with various case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A novel implementation of a digital CR – RC m shaping filter for gamma-ray spectroscopy is presented in this paper, derived from the digitalization and quantization of the input and output voltage of CR and RC circuits. Compared with the conventional digital CR – RC m shaper, it has a relatively simple structure consuming fewer multipliers and is easy to realize on DSP chips. More importantly, this digital shaper also overcomes the shortcoming of the conventional digital CR – RC m shaper, which lacks the function of pole-zero cancellation (PZC). Experimental data on noise suppression, immunity to ballistic deficit, and energy resolution improvement show that the digital spectroscopy system based on the described shaper achieves the same excellent performance as the analog spectroscopy system from CANBERRA, which therefore provides a new way to realize the shaping of digital signals from radiation detectors, and this carries great significance for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We show a possibility for the charge quantization of the standard model (SM) particles. If a global symmetry makes the three copies of a generation and supersymmetry (SUSY) relates the Higgs boson to a lepton, all the charges of the SM particles can be quantized through gauge-anomaly cancellation. In the minimal model realizing the possibility, the gravitino mass around the Planck-scale is needed to generate the SM couplings through (quantum) supergravity. Much below the Planck-scale, the SM with non-vanishing neutrino masses is obtained as the effective theory. As extensions of the SM with this quantization mechanism, millicharged particles can exist without introducing massless hidden photons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The concept of effective dynamics has proven successful in LQC, a loop-inspired quantization of cosmological spacetimes. We apply the same idea of its derivation in LQC to the full theory, by computing the expectation value of the scalar constraint with respect to some coherent states peaked on the phase-space variables of flat Robertson–Walker spacetime. We comment on the relation with effective LQC and find a deviation stemming from the Lorentzian part of the Hamiltonian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to inevitable propagation delay involved in deep-space communication systems, very high cost is associated with the retransmission of erroneous segments. Quantization with linear index coding (QLIC) scheme is known to provide compression along with robust transmission of deep-space images, and thus the likelihood of retransmissions is significantly reduced. This paper aims to improve its spectral efficiency as well as robustness. First, multiple quantization refinement levels per transmitted source block of QLIC are proposed to increase spectral efficiency. Then, iterative multipass decoding is introduced to jointly decode the subsource symbol-planes. It achieves better PSNR of the reconstructed image as compared to the baseline one-pass decoding approach of QLIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In metals, orbital motions of conduction electrons on the Fermi surface are quantized in magnetic fields, which is manifested by quantum oscillations in electrical resistivity. This Landau quantization is generally absent in insulators. Here, we report a notable exception in an insulator—ytterbium dodecaboride (YbB12). The resistivity of YbB12, which is of a much larger magnitude than the resistivity in metals, exhibits distinct quantum oscillations. These unconventional oscillations arise from the insulating bulk, even though the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude follows the conventional Fermi liquid theory of metals with a large effective mass. Quantum oscillations in the magnetic torque are also observed, albeit with a lighter effective mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The classical time of arrival in the interacting case is quantized by way of quantizing its expansion about the free time of arrival. The quantization is formulated in coordinate representation which represents ordering rules in terms of two variable polynomial functions. This leads to representations of the quantized time of arrival operators as integral operators whose kernels are determined by the chosen ordering rule. The formulation lends itself to generalization which allows construction of time of arrival operators that cannot be obtained by direct quantization using particular ordering rules. Weyl, symmetric and Born–Jordan quantizations are specifically studied. The dynamics of the eigenfunctions of the different time of arrival operators are investigated. The eigenfunctions exhibit unitary arrival at the intended arrival point at their respective eigenvalues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum confinement of electrons and holes in semiconductor nanostructures results in quantization of their energy levels with level spacing generally decreasing with the confinement length. The relation between these splittings and the energy of the electron–hole Coulomb interaction may serve as a measure of exciton confinement regime. We consider theoretically strongly in-plane asymmetric nanostructures, like InAs/AlGaInAs elongated quantum dots. Based on optical properties, we find a possible indication of coexistence of different confinement regimes for the two bright exciton states that couple to light polarized along the two nonequivalent axes distinguished by the structural asymmetry. Exciton lifetimes and their distinct dependences on energy derived here for the two confinement regimes are in good agreement with those of recently measured double exponential photoluminescence decays. Additionally, for highly elongated dots, one of the states exhibits properties typical for the weak confinement regime, which may have a significant impact on spin relaxation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper considers model predictive control (MPC) for the linear discrete-time systems in the presence of packet loss, quantization and actuator saturation. Compared with the previous work ([45]), this paper presents an improved networked MPC approach for networked control systems (NCSs) by applying the quantization dependent Lyapunov function (QDLF) method which leads to less conservative results. The additional improvement is made by placing the heavier weighting on the system corresponding to the actual linear feedback law and choosing the relative weighting on the actual and auxiliary feedback laws which further improves the control performance over the existing method. It is shown that the closed-loop stability is guaranteed and a quantized state-feedback controller is derived by solving the infinite horizon optimization problem. Moreover, this method is further extended to multiple-input case. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Highlights • We apply the QDLF to analyze the stability of the closed-loop system, which reduces the conservativeness of the existing results. • We introduce a regulated parameter for optimization problem which improves the control performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the exactness of the WKB quantization condition for translationally shape invariant systems. In particular, using the formalism of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, we generalize the Langer correction and show that it generates the exact quantization condition for all conventional potentials. We also prove that this correction is related to the previously proven exactness of SWKB for these potentials. • We introduced a generalized Langer correction for all conventional potentials. • We demonstrated that this correction regularizes the wave functions near singularities. • We proved that the generalized Langer correction generates the exact quantization condition for all conventional potentials. • We demonstrated a connection between the exactness of WKB with generalized Langer corrections and SWKB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a new type of immunization strategy which is applied to weighted networks. It helps us in maintaining the necessary network efficiency by limiting the transmission (lowering the weight of edges) while suppressing the spread of the epidemic. It is similar to the inflammation around the infected parts of our body, which can not only prevent the disease spreading but also protect the function of the body. First, we set the rate of transmission to be proportional to the edge weight based on the S-I epidemic spreading model. Then, we show the detailed dynamic evolution of the infected nodes which facilitates an effective epidemic control. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the new immunization strategy can be used to prevent the epidemic spreading effectively, while maintaining the high efficiency of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quantum model for the interaction between asymmetric two two-level atoms and an electromagnetic field is presented. The k -photon processes and atom–atom interaction are considered in this quantum model. The wavefunction for asymmetric case of the proposed model is obtained analytically. While, the explicit analytical formula of the wavefunction for symmetric case was calculated in previous works. Initially, the electromagnetic field is in the coherent state and two two-level atoms are identical in the excited states. For the proposed model, some statistical aspects are obtained, such as the linear entropy, atomic population inversion, entropy squeezing, atomic variance and von Neumann entropy. The evaluations of these statistical properties are discussed for the variation in the detuning parameters. Moreover, the nonclassical effects for atom–atom interaction are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a two-user multiple-input single-output Gaussian interference channel with limited rate feedback and transmitter cooperation. Each receiver quantizes the channel state information of the direct and cross channels, and sends the codebook indices back to the transmitters through two sum-rate-limited feedback channels. The quantization errors reduce the beamforming gain from the direct transmitter, and cause interference leakage from the cross transmitter. Under an assumption of high signal-to-noise ratio, we first approximate the average transmission rate of each link, and use the sum rate to find the optimal transmit power and corresponding feedback bit allocation. We show that the maximum sum throughput is achieved using full transmit power, and the achievable sum rate under limited feedback is bounded above by a constant. We then extend the results to the case where secrecy is desired. In contrast to the first problem, increasing the transmit power beyond a certain point decreases the secrecy performance. Additionally, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solutions when the total feedback bandwidth and the number of transmit antennas grow large. We derive all results in closed form. Simulations validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the significant performance gains that result from the use of optimal transmit power control and intelligent feedback bit allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Single atom and molecule junctions are key components of future ultra‐small electronic devices. The novel properties and functionalities appear in the single atom and molecule junctions reflecting their unique structures. The conductance quantization and quantum interface effects have been reported. In this review, we discuss fabrication and electronic properties of the single atom and molecule junctions, including electrical conductance and thermopower. The single atom and molecule junctions are fabricated in a nanogap prepared by electron migration, self‐breaking and mechanical breaking of metal wires. The electric conductance of the single atom and molecule junctions depends not only the atom and molecule within the junctions, but also on their connectivity to the metal wires at the interface. The conductance fluctuation characteristic of single‐molecule junction reflects the character of the metal‐molecular bond at the interface, which enables us to study the molecular adsorption process during the formation of the junction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the proton radioactivity half-lives of 45 proton emitters within the framework of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method by considering the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization condition. The orientation angle dependent Woods–Saxon, Coulomb, and spin–orbit potentials and centrifugal potential have been used in calculations. We observed that using the orientation angle dependent formalism decreases the values of calculated half-lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study irreducible spherical unitary representations of the Drinfeld double of the q-deformation of a connected simply connected compact Lie group, which can be considered as a quantum analogue of the complexification of the Lie group. In the case of SU q ⁢ (3) \mathrm{SU}_{q}(3) , we give a complete classification of such representations. As an application, we show the Drinfeld double of the quantum group SU q ⁢ (2 ⁢ n + 1) \mathrm{SU}_{q}(2n+1) has property (T), which also implies central property (T) of the dual of SU q ⁢ (2 ⁢ n + 1) \mathrm{SU}_{q}(2n+1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quasi-classical approximation is used to determine the positions of the classical turning points upon motion of an electron that is bound by an image field and a constant homogeneous electric field of the same direction. Power expansions of the coordinates of the turning points in a wide range of electron energies and field strengths are obtained. The mechanism of one-dimensional confinement of an electron, which determines a completely discrete spectrum of states, is described. The dependence of the spatial width of the confinement region on the field strength and electron energy is determined. The dependences of the electron energy in different states on the external field strength are calculated numerically. Quasi-classical quantization is performed, and the dependence of the electron energy on the width of the confinement region is determined. The energy interval of a maximum density of electron states is found, which is determined by the dependence of the width of the confinement region on the electric field strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the pseudopotential method and the phenomenological model of coupling forces, electron scattering by short-wavelength phonons in the conduction band of superlattices ( GaAs ) m ( AlAs ) n with thin layers ( n , m  ≤ 10) is studied. Intervalley deformation potentials for transitions between the lower states of the Γ and M valleys of superlattices, which are analogs of the sphalerite transitions of Γ ̲ − X ̲ and X ̲ − X ̃ ̲ , are calculated. The intensity of the Γ −  M transitions is determined mainly by the longitudinal optical vibrations of the Al atoms and depends strongly on the mixing of the states Γ ̲ and X ̲ . The capture of phonons and electrons in AlAs layers leads to an increase in the deformation potentials of X ̲ − X ̃ ̲ transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the quantization of the acoustic modes in nanomechanical systems with coupled acoustic and electromagnetic modes in piezoelectric structures. Specifically, the well-known Bleustein-Gulyaev (BG) modes in the theory of surface acoustic wave devices, are second quantized so that the relationship between the acoustic modes and the electromagnetic modes can be examined in the limit where the acoustic mode is a single acoustic phonon. By considering a theory where the quantized acoustic phonons are explicitly related to the electromagnetic modes, this treatment allows a description of nanomechanical systems where acoustic and electromagnetic modes can be described in the nanoscale limit. This effort will examine quantitatively the electromagnetic-acoustic interaction caused by the piezoelectricity in the limit where the classical acoustic waves must be described in terms of phonons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrathin superconducting bilayer creates a coreless fractional vortex when only the second layer has a hole. The quantization is broken by the hole, and the normal core disappears. The magnetic flux is no longer confined near the normal core. The divergence of the magnetic flux density is truncated around the center. We propose basic design of a practical device to realize a coreless fractional vortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of elastic scattering of particles has been considered by the potential quantization method. The properties of the eigenfunctions ϕν(+)(r) and eigenvalues αν(+) of this method for states with positive energies (continuous spectrum) have been studied. Under the assumption of the completeness of the set {ϕν(+)(r)}, the problem has been solved by expanding the desired wavefunction in this set. The proposed approach reproduces known results in all considered limiting cases. At the same time, it gives a more detailed description of the scattering amplitude than the standard phase theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the relationship between the unitary quantization scheme and the para-Fermi statistics of order 2. We propose an appropriate generalization of Green’s ansatz, which has made it possible to transform bilinear and trilinear commutation relations for the creation and annihilation operators for two different para-Fermi fields φa and φb into identities. We also propose a method for incorporating para-Grassmann numbers ξk into the general unitary quantization scheme. For the parastatistics of order 2, a new fact has been revealed: the trilinear relations containing both para-Grassmann variables ξk and field operators ak and bm are transformed under a certain reversible mapping into unitary equivalent relations in which commutators are replaced by anticommutators, and vice versa. It is shown that this leads to the existence of two alternative definitions of the coherent state for para-Fermi oscillators. The Klein transformation for Green’s components of operators ak and bm is constructed in explicit form, which enabled us to reduce the initial commutation rules for the components to the normal commutation relations for ordinary Fermi fields. We have analyzed a nontrivial relationship between the trilinear commutation relations of the unitary quantization scheme and the so-called Lie supertriple system. The possibility of incorporating the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory into the unitary quantization scheme is discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of the paper we introduce a new parametrization for the manifold underlying quadratic analogue of the usual Heisenberg group introduced in Accardi et al. (Infin Dimens Anal Quantum Probab Relat Top 13:551-587, 2010) which makes the composition law much more transparent. In the second part of the paper the new coordinates are used to construct an inductive system of ∗-algebras each of which is isomorphic to a finite tensor product of copies of the one-mode quadratic Weyl algebra. We prove that the inductive limit ∗-algebra is factorizable and has a natural localization given by a family of ∗-sub-algebras each of which is localized on a bounded Borel subset of R. Moreover, we prove that the family of quadratic analogues of the Fock states, defined on the inductive family of ∗-algebras, is projective hence it defines a unique state on the limit ∗-algebra. Finally we complete this ∗-algebra under the (minimal regular) C∗-norm thus obtaining a C∗-algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is revealed that there is a link between the quantization approach employed and the dimension of the vector parameter which can be accurately estimated by a quantized estimation system. A critical quantity called inestimable dimension for quantized data (IDQD) is introduced, which does not depend on the quantization regions and the statistical models of the observations but instead depends only on the number of sensors and on the precision of the vector quantizers employed by the system. It is shown that the IDQD describes a quantization-induced fundamental limitation on the estimation capabilities of the system. To be specific, if the dimension of the desired vector parameter is larger than the IDQD of the quantized estimation system, then the Fisher information matrix for estimating the desired vector parameter is singular, and, moreover, there exist infinitely many nonidentifiable vector parameter points in the vector parameter space. Furthermore, it is shown that under some common assumptions on the statistical models of the observations and the quantization system, a smaller IDQD can be obtained, which can specify an even more limiting quantization induced fundamental limitation on the estimation capabilities of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the κ-deformed boson algebra. We present the infinite dimensional representation of this algebra. Assuming that the photon obeys the κ-deformed algebra instead of the ordinary boson algebra, we discuss the κ-deformed quantum optical electromagnetic field whose classical Hamiltonian is written in terms of an infinite set of real harmonic oscillators. We also discuss the second quantization of light when we regard the photon as the quantum particle obeying the κ-deformed boson algebra. Finally we discuss the interaction between a two-level atom coupled to a single κ-photon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observables have a dual nature in both classical and quantum kinematics: they are at the same time quantities, allowing to separate states by means of their numerical values, and generators of transformations, establishing relations between different states. In this work, we show how this twofold role of observables constitutes a key feature in the conceptual analysis of classical and quantum kinematics, shedding a new light on the distinguishing feature of the quantum at the kinematical level. We first take a look at the algebraic description of both classical and quantum observables in terms of Jordan-Lie algebras and show how the two algebraic structures are the precise mathematical manifestation of the twofold role of observables. Then, we turn to the geometric reformulation of quantum kinematics in terms of Kähler manifolds. A key achievement of this reformulation is to show that the twofold role of observables is the constitutive ingredient defining what an observable is. Moreover, it points to the fact that, from the restricted point of view of the transformational role of observables, classical and quantum kinematics behave in exactly the same way. Finally, we present Landsman’s general framework of Poisson spaces with transition probability, which highlights with unmatched clarity that the crucial difference between the two kinematics lies in the way the two roles of observables are related to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A technique for quantization of the electromagnetic field in photonic nanostructures with three-dimensional modulation of the dielectric constant is developed on the basis of the scattering matrix formalism (S quantization in the three-dimensional case). Quantization is based on equating the eigenvalues of the scattering matrix to unity, which is equivalent to equating each other the sets of Fourier expansions for the fields of the waves incident on the structure and propagating away from the structure. The spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields of the modes in a photonic nanostructure is calculated on the basis of the R and T matrices describing the reflection and transmission of the Fourier components by the structure. To calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients of individual real-space and Fourier-space components, the structure is divided into parallel layers within which the dielectric constant varies as a function of two-dimensional coordinates. Using the Fourier transform, Maxwell’s equations are written in the form of a matrix connecting the Fourier components of the electric field at the boundaries of neighboring layers. Based on the calculated reflection and transmission vectors for all polarizations and Fourier components, the scattering matrix for the entire structure is formed and quantization is carried out by equating the eigenvalues of the scattering matrix to unity. The developed method makes it possible to obtain the spatial profiles of eigenmodes without solving a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations and significantly reduces the computational resources required for calculating the probability of spontaneous emission in three-dimensional systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper reports a novel electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression algorithm which employs DCT based discrete orthogonal Stockwell transform. Dead-zone quantization is utilized to apply quantization as well as a threshold condition to transform coefficients. Further, integer conversion of coefficients is performed. It improves compression at the cost of very less reconstruction error. All integer coefficients are encoded using run-length coding. It exploits the repetition of data instances. Run-length coding helps to achieve higher compression without any relevant information loss. Performance of the proposed compression algorithm is evaluated using 48 single channel ECG records which are taken from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. A competitive compression performance is observed in comparison with other ECG compression methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of event-triggered filtering for discrete-time Markov jump delayed neural networks with quantizations is investigated in this paper. Firstly, an event-triggered communication scheme is proposed to determine whether or not the current sampled data can be transmitted to the quantizer. Secondly, a quantizer is used to quantify the sampled data, which can reduce the data transmission rate in the network. Next, through the analysis of network-induced delay's intervals, the discrete-time neural network, the event-triggered scheme and network-induced delay are unified into a discrete-time Markov jump delayed neural network. As a result, the sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the stability and performance of the augmented system and to present the filter design. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a practical design algorithm for quantizers at nodes in distributed systems in which each local measurement is quantized without communication between nodes and transmitted to a fusion node that conducts estimation of the parameter of interest. The benefits of vector quantization (VQ) motivate us to incorporate the VQ strategy into our design and we propose a low-complexity design technique that seeks to assign vector codewords into sets such that each codeword in the sets should be closest to its associated local codeword. In doing so, we introduce new distance metrics to measure the distance between vector codewords and local ones and construct the sets of vector codewords at each node to minimize the average distance, resulting in an efficient and independent encoding of the vector codewords. Through extensive experiments, we show that the proposed algorithm can maintain comparable performance with a substantially reduced design complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the edge transport properties of 2d interacting Hall systems, displaying single-mode chiral edge currents. For this class of many-body lattice models, including for instance the interacting Haldane model, we prove the quantization of the edge charge conductance and the bulk-edge correspondence. Instead, the edge Drude weight and the edge susceptibility are interaction-dependent; nevertheless, they satisfy exact universal scaling relations, in agreement with the chiral Luttinger liquid theory. Moreover, charge and spin excitations differ in their velocities, giving rise to the spin-charge separation phenomenon. The analysis is based on exact renormalization group methods, and on a combination of lattice and emergent Ward identities. The invariance of the emergent chiral anomaly under the renormalization group flow plays a crucial role in the proof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the frame-independent gluon and charm parton-distribution functions (PDFs) of the deuteron utilizing light-front quantization and the impulse approximation. We use a nuclear wave function obtained from solving the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation with the realistic Argonne v18 nuclear force, which we fold with the proton PDF. The predicted gluon distribution in the deuteron (per nucleon) is a few percent smaller than that of the proton in the domain x b j = Q 2 2 p N ⋅ q ∼ 0.4 , whereas it is strongly enhanced for x b j larger than 0.6. We discuss the applicability of our analysis and comment on how to extend it to the kinematic limit x b j → 2 . We also analyze the charm distribution of the deuteron within the same approach by considering both the perturbatively and non-perturbatively generated (intrinsic) charm contributions. In particular, we note that the intrinsic-charm content in the deuteron will be enhanced due to 6-quark “hidden-color” QCD configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a suitable Hamiltonian that describes the damped harmonic oscillator is constructed. Besides, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for this dissipative system is written and the action function is obtained. Then, the system is quantized using two methods: the WKB approximation and the canonical quantization. In addition, evolution of the probability density is plotted at different times, and it is observed that the width of these densities decreases with time. The average energy of the system is also calculated and found to decrease with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We define mixed states associated with submanifolds with probability densities in quantizable closed Kähler manifolds. Then, we address the problem of comparing two such states via their fidelity. First, we estimate the sub-fidelity and super-fidelity of two such states, giving lower and upper bounds for their fidelity, when the underlying submanifolds are two Lagrangian submanifolds intersecting transversally at a finite number of points, in the semiclassical limit. Second, we investigate a family of examples on the sphere, for which we manage to obtain a better upper bound for the fidelity. We conclude by stating a conjecture regarding the fidelity in the general case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bohr-Sommerfeld type quantization conditions of semiclassical eigenvalues for the non-selfadjoint Zakharov-Shabat operator on the unit circle are derived using an exact WKB method. The conditions are given in terms of the action associated with the unit circle or the action associated with turning points following the absence or presence of real turning points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]