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We show that a logical error is contained in some epidemiologic papers which intend to verify the hypothesis that there is an association between magnetic fields of power lines and childhood leukemia. For instance, the Swedish paper by Feychting and Ahlbom in 1993 presented a leukemia association related to calculated magnetic fields in one-family houses other than apartments, from the results obtained from stratified analyses according to type of building; this was contradictory to their premise that exposure assessment was calculated from magnetic fields irrespective of type of building. However, the authors stated in conclusion that their hypothesis could be verified, although it needed to be supplemented with other data, as was customary in epidemiologic analysis, in order not to miss any possible causes of cancer. Our views are as follows: Engineers in the field would be unlikely to accept any procedure that needs supplementary data, because it is employed at the author(s)'s will for the intended verification of the hypothesis; it would be natural to suppose that the hypothesis could not be verified. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 134(3): 53–59, 2001 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct management and classification of anaphylaxis is mandatory. Records of emergency department (ED) visits to any of the three pediatric hospitals in Stockholm, because of reactions to foods during 2007, were identified. A retrospective analysis of clinical ED records of 371 children with 381 unique occasions of reactions to foods was performed. Symptoms/signs of reactions to foods recorded for classification of anaphylaxis were related to those presented in the EAACI Taskforce position paper on Anaphylaxis in Children (Allergy 2007; 62: 857). Forty-six different symptoms/signs of reactions to foods were retrieved. Several severe signs or symptoms from the respiratory tract and signs indicating reduced brain perfusion were not described in detail in the EAACI paper, hampering correct classification of anaphylaxis including grading of severity in our material. After modification of the EAACI classification including such signs and symptoms, we were able to classify 128 (35%) children with anaphylaxis. Seventy children (19%) did not fulfill our modified EAACI's criteria for anaphylaxis. They had been given adrenaline before or at arrival to hospital, possibly preventing anaphylaxis. Another 173 (47%) children/ adolescents had neither been given adrenalin, nor fulfilled the criteria for anaphylaxis. Classification of food-induced anaphylaxis and severity grading should be built on signs and symptoms to facilitate diagnosis. The existing EAACI tool is helpful, but for Swedish children it is not quite applicable, in particular because of the lack of description of some respiratory, neurological or possible cardiovascular signs and symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of producing dissolving grade pulps for viscose production from different fiber raw materials, such as paper grade pulps from wood and non-woody plants, was investigated. Commercial dried bleached hardwood kraft pulps from eucalypt, and bleached non-wood soda/AQ pulps from flax, hemp, sisal, abaca, and jute, were subjected to enzymatic and chemical pre-treatments in order to improve the accessibility and reactivity of cellulose and to reduce their hemicellulose content. A commercial monocomponent endoglucanase and a commercial xylanase were employed for biochemical treatment. The chemical treatment consisted of cold alkaline extraction. The effects of these pre-treatments on pulps were studied by reactivity, according to Fock's method, and viscosity measurements, determination of hemicellulose content, and recording of molecular weight distributions. The results were compared to those of commercial bleached eucalypt dissolving pulp. Eucalypt and sisal pulps showed high improvement in reactivity, reaching levels near or even higher than that of the eucalypt dissolving pulp (65%–70%), and a low hemicellulose content (2%–4%), when both were submitted to a sequence of treatments consisting of an initial xylanase treatment followed by cold alkaline extraction, and a final endoglucanase treatment. However, the viscosity decreased considerably. A uniform and narrow molecular weight distribution was observed in both eucalypt and sisal pulps after this sequential pre-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that paper manufacturer Stora Enso has been testing Stockholm, Sweden-based Kalmar Industries AB's truck complete with integrated paper clamp.

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting of the Swedish Oncology Society in Stockholm, Sweden is presented. Topics include studies of histamine and natural killer cells-activating cytokines, histamine and cytokines in experimental neoplasia and immunotherapy with histamine in human cancer.

In the present study, three representative residual chromophores recently isolated from highly bleached and aged pulps, 2,5-dihydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone ( 1), 5,8-dihydroxy-[1,4]-naphthoquinone ( 2), and 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone ( 3), were selected to study their effects with regard to cellulose degradation under bleaching conditions, similar to those typically used in the pulp and paper industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues for and defines a locked-in consumer as a consumer that is involuntary locked into one system in spite of an economic incentive to change. A locked-in consumer is therefore not seen as a loyal consumer but instead is assumed to be loyal to a system in spite an obvious economic gain of switching. Being defined as a natural monopoly in its technique, district heating has long been criticized for its eventual abuse of this monopoly position. Therefore, assuming well functioning ex-ante competition, the study calculates switching costs for switching from district heating to pellet burners or heat pumps. The analysis show that there exist relatively substantial benefits of switching from district heating to pellet burning or heat pumps, especially in residential urban areas. With limited available relevant markets, district heating being the only alternative, this negative switching cost cannot be capitalized and represents, in the assumed absence of loyal customers, a lock-in effect. The result indicates that we cannot reject the idea that the district heating plants serving residential areas in Stockholm misuse their dominant position resulting in a reduction of the social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence over the last decade of large numbers of vulnerable EU citizens begging on Swedish streets has led to ambivalent responses from the Swedish state, including from local police forces charged with policing public order. Based on research including interviews with vulnerable EU citizens and with police officials in two socio‐economically divergent areas of Stockholm, this paper seeks to understand how policing practices are motivated and enacted towards this group and how these practices are experienced by those targeted. The results reveal a set of policing practices which, whilst framed within a depoliticised logic of what Nicholas Blomley calls "pedestrianism", work to produce spatially uneven punitive landscapes for those begging. The paper argues that understanding the role of police as "street‐level bureaucrats" (following Michael Lipsky), with the agency to escalate or soften revanchist landscapes, is fundamental to understanding the contingencies at the heart of punitive urbanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women with mental illness experience an increased risk of cervical cancer. The excess risk is partly due to low participation in cervical screening; however, it remains unknown whether it is also attributable to an increased risk of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). We aimed to examine whether women with mental illness had an increased infection rate of HPV compared to women without mental illness. Methods and findings: Using a cohort design, we analyzed all 337,116 women aged 30 to 64 and living in Stockholm, who had a negative test result of 14 high-risk HPV subtypes in HPV-based screening, during August 2014 to December 2019. We defined women as exposed to mental illness if they had a specialist diagnosis of mental disorder or had a filled prescription of psychotropic medication. We identified incident infection of any high-risk HPV during follow-up and fitted multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HPV infection. A total of 3,263 women were tested positive for high-risk HPV during follow-up (median: 2.21 years; range: 0 to 5.42 years). The absolute infection rate of HPV was higher among women with a specialist diagnosis of mental disorder (HR = 1.45; 95% CI [1.34, 1.57]; p < 0.001) or a filled prescription of psychotropic medication (HR = 1.67; 95% CI [1.55, 1.79]; p < 0.001), compared to women without such. The increment in absolute infection rate was noted for depression, anxiety, stress-related disorder, substance-related disorder, and ADHD, and for use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics, and was consistent across age groups. The main limitations included selection of the female population in Stockholm as they must have at least 1 negative test result of HPV, and relatively short follow-up as HPV-based screening was only introduced in 2014 in Stockholm. Conclusions: Mental illness is associated with an increased infection rate of high-risk HPV in women. Our findings motivate refined approaches to facilitate the WHO elimination agenda of cervical cancer among these marginalized women worldwide. Author summary: Why was this study done?: Mental illness has been associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions as well as a lower degree of participation in cervical screening. Little is known, however, regarding disparities in HPV infection between women with and without mental illness. What did the researchers do and find?: In a cohort study, we followed all 337,116 women who were at age 30 to 64, living in Stockholm, and had a negative test result of high-risk HPV during August 2014 to December 2019, to assess the link between mental illness and risk of infection with high-risk HPV. The absolute infection rate of HPV was 45% higher among women with a specialist diagnosis of mental disorder and 67% higher among women with a filled prescription of psychotropic medications, compared to women without such. What do these findings mean?: Mental illness is associated with an increased infection rate of oncogenic HPV in women. Refined approaches are needed to facilitate the elimination agenda of cervical cancer among women with mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the effect of heating filter paper samples on antibody activity and infectivity of HIV in Stockholm, Sweden. Need for standardization of filter paper technique for blood sampling; Derivation of serum samples and capillary blood from HIV positive patients; Alteration of optical density of extract.

This paper focuses on two manors, Kumo in Finland and Duvnäs in Sweden, through early sixteenth-century written sources and material remains. Both were, one after the other, in the custody of Olof Svart (obiit 1547), who was one of Gustav I's earliest administrators. Through a combination of historical and archaeological methods, including map studies, a successful career in the service of Sweden's first Early Modern king is traced and placed in the cultural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective cohort study aims to provide a comprehensive account of death in Swedish patients with ALS, including clinical status preceding death, the death setting, as well as symptoms. The study presents detailed information on a cohort of patients with ALS from Stockholm, Sweden, deceased in 2018–2020. In addition, selected information is presented on a larger complementary cohort of ALS patients from all regions of Sweden deceased in 2011–2020. Data were obtained from patient medical records, the Swedish Motor Neuron Disease Quality Registry, and the Swedish Quality Registry of Palliative Care. Ninety-three patients were included in the main cohort and 2224 patients in the complementary cohort. In the main cohort, there was a slow decline in weight and motor function during the 12 months preceding death. Most (93.4%) anticipated/prolonged deaths occurred in a palliative care unit, at home, or in an assisted living facility while 44.8% of precipitous deaths occurred in a hospital ward. Next of kin or health care staff were present at death for most patients (78.7%). In the final week of life, 41.1% experienced at least one symptom (either pain, anxiety, confusion, or dyspnea) that was only partially relieved or not at all. The majority of patients died in their own homes or at a palliative unit in the presence of next of kin and most symptoms were adequately managed. This paper might be used in educating patients, next of kin as well as health professionals, decreasing uncertainty surrounding the end of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we use survey and register data combined to examine how the view of the capital city among those living in other regions relates to geographic factors and the development of the home region. Our findings indicate that individuals who perceive the development of their own region as "less advantageous" are prone to say that Stockholm has a negative effect on their own area as well as on Sweden overall. These individuals tend to live in regions with negative migration, farther away from the capital region, and tend to have lower trust for e.g. politicians and scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development of the transport system increasingly requires integration of land-use and transport planning practices. To identify and implement measures that maximize synergies between transport, land-use and environmental issues are essential to achieve sustainable outcomes of transport planning. The strategic choice of measures (SCM) approach, applied in early-stage planning of transport infrastructure projects in Sweden, constitutes a platform for collaboration between transport and land-use authorities for better coordination of the different practices in a specific context. This paper aims to analyze SCM processes from a systems perspective to illuminate consequences of system boundaries on how environmental aspects are considered and what aspects are included or excluded. A case study approach is applied, based on observations and document studies of two cases in Stockholm region. The result shows that coordination of transport and land-use planning practice in the SCM process, implies handling of conflicting views of development in the project area. In order to create shared objectives and visions, constructive dialogue and collaboration are two key features. Moreover, it is a challenge to handle all the different problems and measures in the SCM. It is essential to understand synergies as well as how problems and measures in different planning processes relate to each other. A systems perspective as a support when analyzing problems in an SCM can enable the detection of links between transport, land-use and environmental problems. The systems perspective could contribute to the identification of measures with synergetic effects and subsequently the implementation of multi-functional solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by earlier research highlighting Swedish teachers' beliefs that the setting of homework compromises deep-seated principles of educational equity, this paper presents an exploratory study of Swedish parents' perspectives on homework in their year-one children's learning. Twenty-five parents, drawn from three demographically different schools in the Stockholm region, participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews, broadly focused on how parents support their children's learning and including questions about homework in general and mathematics homework in particular, were transcribed and data subjected to a constant comparison analytical process. This yielded four broad themes, highlighting considerable variation in how parents perceive the relationship between homework and educational equity. First, all parents spoke appreciatively of their children receiving reading homework and, in so doing, indicated a collective construal that reading homework is neither homework nor a threat to equity. Second, four parents, despite their enthusiasm for reading homework, opposed the setting of any homework due to its potential compromise of family life. Third, seven parents indicated that they would appreciate mathematics homework where it were not a threat to equity. Finally, fourteen parents, despite acknowledging homework's potential compromise to equity, were unequivocally in favour of mathematics homework being set to their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dedicated issue of Chronobiology International is devoted to the selected proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Shift Work and Working Time held in Stockholm, Sweden, 28 June to 1 July 2011. It constitutes the fifth such issue of the journal since 2004 dedicated to the selected proceedings to the meetings of the Working Time Society. The key theme of the 20th Symposium was 'Biological Mechanisms, Recovery, and Risk Management in the 24-h Society.' The collection of papers of this dedicated issue represents the best of contemporary research on the effects of night and rotating shift schedules on worker health and safety. The contents cover such topics as sleep restriction, injuries, health, and performance of night work and rotating shiftwork, plus light treatment as a countermeasure against the circadian disruption of shiftwork. The majority of the papers are observational field studies, including some of large sample size, and three studies are well-designed laboratory experiments. (Author correspondence: ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the papers presented during the 28 sessions and workshops held at the Eurocorr conference at the International Fairs in Stockholm, Sweden in September 2011. The conference, which attracted over 800 delegates, focused on developing solutions for the global challenge. Daniel Cypriano from Petrobras gave comparative study between controlling techniques of acid corrosion on crude unit overhead systems. Other papers delivered addressed the role of corrosion prediction.