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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The 2013-2014 school year involved preparation for implementing the new US Department of Agriculture ( USDA) competitive foods nutrition standards. An awareness of associations between commercial supplier involvement, food vending practices, and food vending item availability may assist schools in preparing for the new standards. METHODS Analyses used 2007-2012 questionnaire data from administrators of 814 middle and 801 high schools in the nationally representative Youth, Education, and Society study to examine prevalence of profit from and commercial involvement with vending machine food sales, and associations between such measures and food availability. RESULTS Profits for the school district were associated with decreased low-nutrient, energy-dense ( LNED) food availability and increased fruit/vegetable availability. Profits for the school and use of company suppliers were associated with increased LNED availability; company suppliers also were associated with decreased fruit/vegetable availability. Supplier 'say' in vending food selection was associated with increased LNED availability and decreased fruit/vegetable availability. CONCLUSIONS Results support (1) increased district involvement with school vending policies and practices, and (2) limited supplier 'say' as to what items are made available in student-accessed vending machines. Schools and districts should pay close attention to which food items replace vending machine LNED foods following implementation of the new nutrition standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This study explores sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) availability in US secondary school competitive venues during the first 3 years following the school wellness policy requirement (2007-2009). Furthermore, analyses examine associations with school policy and SSB availability. METHODS: Analyses use questionnaire data from 757 middle and 762 high schools in the nationally representative Youth, Education, and Society study to examine soda and non-soda SSB availability associations with school policy including (1) beverage bottling contracts and related incentives, (2) individuals/organizations responsible for decisions regarding beverages available in vending machines, and (3) school wellness policies and nutrition guidelines. RESULTS: Non-soda SSBs made up the majority of SSBs in both middle and high schools. Soda was especially likely to be found in vending machines; non-soda SSBs were widely available across competitive venues. Access to soda decreased significantly over time; however, non-soda SSB access did not show a similar decrease. School policy allowing beverage supplier contractual involvement (bottling contract incentives and beverage supplier 'say' in vending machine beverage choices) was related to increased SSB access. However, the existence of developed nutritional guidelines was associated with lower SSB availability. CONCLUSIONS: Students had high access to SSBs across competitive school venues, with non-soda SSBs making up the majority of SSB beverage options. Efforts to reduce access to SSBs in US secondary schools should include a focus on reducing both soda and non-soda SSBs, reducing beverage supplier involvement in school beverage choices, and encouraging the development of targeted nutritional guidelines for all competitive venues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on military service as a career option for college graduates in the U.S. A project called Monitoring the Future (MTF) has been developed by the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, which shows that though students at the end of high school become skilled to comprehend the technicalities of militarism, the number of students enlisting for military service is comparatively less. Students are planning to take on both college and military service simultaneously as they are realizing the importance of completing four years of college. Therefore the U.S. is targeting on these students for taking them on as military recruits.

The article analyzes the temporal trends and subgroup differences in youths to serve in the U.S. Military. The data for the study was taken from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan's Monitoring the Future project, which surveyed high school seniors since 1975 and eighth and tenth grade students since 1991. The first phase of the all-volunteer force was classified by entry-level military pay that had been adjusted upward in the last years of conscription, recruiting resources which had been improved to make the volunteer force a success. The second phase was just the reversal of the first phase.