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Because the half-life of the transplanted heart is approximately 14 years, re-transplantation may be necessary. Patients requiring redo heart transplant (HTx) may also have developed chronic kidney disease due to calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity or progression of pre-existing renal dysfunction. Therefore, combined kidney transplant may be indicated. We evaluated outcomes following redo HTx with combined kidney transplant. A prospective institutional registry identified 1075 HTx cases between 1/1/2010 and 9/1/2020. Twenty-two patients undergoing redo HTx with kidney transplantation were compared to 55 patients undergoing redo HTx alone. Post-transplant outcomes included 1-year survival, 1-year freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV: stenosis ≥30% by angiography), non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction, new congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke), any treated rejection (ATR), acute cellular rejection (ACR), and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Delayed graft function of the transplanted kidney was also evaluated and compared to 16540 patients identified from the national United Network for Organ Sharing database who underwent isolated kidney transplant between 2015 and 2020. Patients undergoing redo HTx with combined kidney transplant had higher incidence of post-operative dialysis and longer hospital length of stay. One-year outcomes were similar compared to patients undergoing redo HTx alone (Table). Delayed graft function of the transplanted kidney occurred in 12 patients (54.5%) after redo HTx with combined kidney transplant and 7112 patients (43.0%) after isolated kidney transplant (p=0.274). Redo HTx with combined kidney transplant has acceptable one-year outcomes. Significant renal disease in patients requiring redo HTx should not be a contraindication to re-transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In heart transplantation, donor-to-recipient (D-R) size matching has been done by height and weight. Recently, predicted heart mass (PHM) has been found to be more clinically useful to predict outcome. Using PHM, under-sizing a donor heart for a larger recipient with high pulmonary artery pressures leads to increased mortality. It has recently been noted in the ISHLT registry that there may be increased risk in placing an oversized donor heart using weight into a smaller recipient. This clinical outcome has not been established using PHM. We sought to address this question in our large, single center experience using PHM. Between January 2010 and June 2020, we assessed 588 D-R heart matches. We used PHM to assess outcome differences when the donor hearts were oversized. We divided the D-R ratio by PHM into two categories: Normal (N: 90-110%, n=524), and markedly oversized (MO: greater than 140%, n=64). Outcomes included 1-year survival, freedom from 1-year rejection (acute cellular rejection [ACR], antibody-mediated rejection [AMR]), freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV: stenosis ≥30%), freedom from cardiac dysfunction (LVEF ≤40%), and freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction, new congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke). MO (n=64) compared to N (n=524) using PHM showed no difference in 1-year survival, freedom from ACR, freedom from CAV, freedom from NF-MACE, and freedom from cardiac dysfunction. There was a significantly lower freedom from 1-year AMR in the MO group due to more female recipients (sensitized due to previous pregnancies) in this group (71% MO group vs 20% N group). Markedly oversized donor to recipient matching using PHM does not result in poor outcomes after heart transplantation. This has potential to expand the donor pool, particularly for smaller patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported from the ISHLT registry that women have less optimal outcome after heart transplantation (HTx) compared to men. It is not known whether this difference is due to rejection, NF-MACE, or decreased survival. Between 2010 and 2020, we assessed 1071 HTx patients and divided them by male and female sex. 309 females and 762 males were included in the study. Post-transplant outcomes included 1-year survival, 1-year freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV, stenosis ≥30% by angiography), 1-year freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction, new congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke), 1-year freedom from rejection (acute cellular rejection [ACR], antibody-mediated rejection [AMR]), and 1-year freedom from de novo DSA production. Women were divided into two groups, sensitized (PRA >10%) or non-sensitized. When comparing women to men, women had similar survival, freedom from CAV, and freedom from NF-MACE, but significantly lower freedom from ATR, AMR, and de novo DSA production. Women who were sensitized had similar survival but lower freedom from rejection and DSA production compared to non-sensitized women. 26% of our female patients were sensitized. Major post-transplant outcomes are similar for women and men. However, sensitization may be the reason for more AMR in women but it does not affect short-term major outcomes. Longer follow-up and impact of these outcomes need to be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]