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Smartphone data traffic follows the rapid growth trend which is primarily driven by the simultaneous increase in the number of smartphones and the increasing amounts of data traffic generated by each device. Video-generated traffic is the dominant form of data traffic, and predictions are that in the next few years more than 80% of data traffic will be related to the video. On the other hand, the dominant segment of communication is achieved through instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp, Viber and Messenger. They are also increasingly used to transmit videos in communication between users. This paper analyzes the amounts of data traffic generated by popular instant messaging applications when sharing a one-minute video. Based on the results of various applications for measuring the amount of generated data traffic, similarities/differences in data traffic generation of instant messaging applications will be identified.

Technological development has resulted in the possibility of implementing a large number of telematics systems and subsystems within the vehicle. Their purpose is to collect data through a number of sensors on the state of the vehicle as well as its environment. The result of the collected data processing is information that can be used to increase the passengers’ safety inside the vehicle, but also to other participants of traffic network, and to optimize the desired resources such as fuel consumption, travel time etc. The use of vehicle telematics systems and collected data can be of great importance when an unwanted event occurs in which the vehicle is involved. The aim of this research is to identify vehicle systems that store data, data types and the possibility of their extraction using a digital forensic framework, for the purpose of timely reaction to the negative event occurrence.

The use of ICT is the key element of today's standards for improving quality of business processes. It is very important to involve all positive influences into business processes of economic entities and other stakeholders involved within the business environment in transport and logistic area. Paper describes possibilities of integrating new e-principles into business environment and processes in transport and logistic area, based on cloud computing, Internet of Things concepts and automatic identification and data capture technologies. The mentioned group contains information and communication technologies such as radio‐frequency identification, real‐time location systems, near field communication, global positioning system, beacon and advanced tagging technologies.

Current possibilities of wireless technologies for informing users (visually impaired) should be explored and defined according to the models of assistive technologies and e-business systems. The goal of this research is to choose a wireless technology whose characteristics can raise the level of the life quality for target user group, and propose guidelines for the development of informing services. Characteristics of wireless technologies will be explored according to user requirements, with the purpose of providing accurate and real-time information to the end user. User requirements are defined on the basis of the research results conducted among the target group of users moving through traffic network on a daily basis. Based on the results the architecture of the system for informing users and service delivery model whose main task is the fulfillment of customers' requirements was presented. The proposed solution represents a concept with all elements of assistive technologies and possible can be applied in the Internet of Things environment.

Visually impaired persons are constantly faced with various problems while creating movement routes using application solutions on their mobile terminal devices. These problems are: nonadaptable mobile phones, application solution and available content. Application solutions depend on different operating systems, their characteristics and performances of mobile terminal devices. In this research, the accessibility of mobile terminal devices and applications for informing visually impaired persons in traffic environment were analyzed. Analysis was conducted on the basis of available scientific and technical literature in order to identify the most common operating systems and their characteristics for providing accurate information to the end user. In addition to the characteristics of the operating system, hardware components of mobile terminal devices such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, GPS, etc. have great importance in informing the users of the transport network. Accessibility of available application solutions and hardware devices important for making accurate and accessible information were analyzed according to the recommendation of universal design. Using comparative analysis, the selection of the optimal operating system and application were made to provide accurate information about the movement and direction of the user (personal digital assistant).

In today's identification and data collection methods on traffic entities, large number of traffic and logistic systems uses one of the automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies. The mentioned group contains information and communication technologies such as radio‐frequency identification (RFID), real‐time location systems (RTLS), near field communication (NFC), global positioning system (GPS), and beacon and advanced tagging technologies such as barcode and quick response code (QR code) which can be implemented with function of mobile traffic entities identification in traffic environment. In this chapter, possibilities and characteristics of mentioned technologies will be described from the aspect of their usage in traffic system through implementation of e‐business. Data collection and exchange concept will be based on cloud computing and Internet of Things concepts. Through various case study examples in traffic environment, more efficient use of AIDC technologies in traffic system will be shown.

Smartphone users generate data traffic using mobile and Wi-Fi access networks. The development of smartphones and the evolution of access networks has changed the behavior of smartphone users in generating data traffic. Data traffic offload is defined as a switch from the mobile to the Wi-Fi access network. Smartphone users offload large amounts of data traffic from mobile to Wi-Fi networks. This paper will show preferences of smartphone users that affect user's propensity and desire to offload data traffic from mobile to Wi-Fi networks.

Demographic trends at national levels, caused by the aging of the population, raise the barriers to the possibilities of higher quality of living of the people when their working part of life comes to an end. The contribution to increasing the quality of life can be mostly realized by using customized information-communication solutions and services within the concept of “Ambient Assisted Living” (AAL). The AAL concept uses the advanced available technology to enable new products, services and processes that help ensure higher quality of living for the elderly, the disabled and persons of slow mobility. It also supports enhanced social connectivity, access to the outside world and it should provide inclusion and mobility (autonomy) to all persons. By applying the AAL concept in everyday movements and lives of the users allows the creation of the user base of all relevant information. With synergic action of several technologies the AAL concept becomes even more complex. In order to present this complexity, the paper describes the capabilities of individual technologies depending on the users’ needs, and the models of establishing the possible solutions. The application of the AAL concept in the traffic environment can contribute to significant increase in the quality of life also outside the basic environment (flat, house…). It is necessary to explore also the challenges of the interoperability and the area of coverage of services based in this way because of the sensitivity of the target users to the reliability of the system operation.

The mobility of visually impaired persons is the basis for their active participation in everyday activities. Therefore, the information and communication services should be adapted to this group of users. The services based on the advanced information and communication technologies provide the visually impaired persons with information about the environment while moving along the traffic network, which requires accurate information. This paper analyzes the currently available technologies (RFID, WiFi, NFC and Bluetooth) which provide precise information for the users. The mentioned analysis has been done on the example of the movement of users through a traffic intersection, when the user has to be provided with precise information about the location, surrounding and navigation to the destination. The user receives information by using a mobile terminal device and applications adjusted to visually impaired persons. As result of analysis, proposals have been given for the design of information and communication services whose function is to inform the visually impaired persons. Testing and analyzing the efficiency of single information and communication technologies have been performed on the actual traffic network system of the City of Zagreb. The users of the Croatian Society for Promoting and Development of Tiphlotechnology (Hrvatska udruga za promicanje i razvoj tiflotehnike - HUPRT) participated in checking the efficiency of single technologies and services. The results obtained by testing have provided the user with precise information about the location and environment thus improving the level of safety and the quality of living of the users.

The use of the Internet and new technologies in order to enhance the quality of life of the blind and the visually impaired has resulted in greater accessibility within this particular environment. This greater accessibility has been analyzed in terms of web-site development, i.e. applying existing standards and establishing new ones with the aim of developing an e-learning system for the blind and the visually impaired. An accessible and usable web is part of the concept of e- accessibility, one of the key elements of e- inclusion, which aims to ensure that eve-ryone without exception is included in the information society. Given this context, e-accessibility refers to the removal of technical barriers and difficulties which the blind or the visually impaired might encoun-ter as they attempt to become part of the information society.

Distribution of quality travel information to end-users is enabled using advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) in traffic. Strategy of information distribution is also changing – from classic push strategy (delivery of information regardless to the users present needs and without interaction between the user and the system) to new pull concept (delivery of customized information based on the known users needs). But because of vast amount of data, pre-trip information must be collected in one point/centre, sorted in categories so that end-user can search and get needed information with ease. Such end-user actions will be possible only with definition of web interface (traffic portal) and by usage of dynamic and real-time applications. In this paper, advances and possibilities of such traffic portal will be presented, with definition of services (information) which will be available to users. Also, theoretic model of traffic portal in Republic of Croatia will be defined regarding user needs, level of traffic development, availability of traffic data, etc. Categorization of services and information, possibility of using digital maps will be also presented with definition of possible ways of information distribution to users using not only Internet, but other communication technologies (GSM/GPRS, 3G, Wi-Fi, etc.).

This book provides a comprehensive exchange of information on current developments in the field of sustainable management of manufacturing systems and Industry 4.0. The authors’ ambition is to establish channels of communication and disseminate knowledge among professionals working in smart manufacturing and related institutions. The book brings together world-leading academics and practitioners from the fields of engineering, infrastructure planning, manufacturing management, and economics. The unique combination of fields and disciplines focused on Industry 4.0 provides presents opportunities to create a bridge between science and practice.

Digital transformation represents an organizational and operational change in railway transport that is made possible by integrating digital technologies and processes at all levels. One of the many possibilities it provides is distributing accurate and real-time information to all stakeholders in the rail system. It changed passenger habits and modernized passenger in-formation systems on the rail network. Thanks to innovative technologies and digitalization, transport operators on the rail network can increase their business accuracy, predict customer preferences, and personalize the services they offer on the market. Thus, as a service provided by transport operators to their customers, passenger information systems have become one of the essential items when planning a journey. These systems can be divided into systems before and during the trip. Real-time and accurate information displayed to passengers on various devices for precise information is essential items in these systems. All the above requires an architecture of information and communication services based on new technologies that will deliver all relevant information to end users. This paper aims to present the functionalities of such systems to determine recommendations for improving the existing system for informing passengers in rail traffic on the Republic of Croatia’s territory.

Information and data in today’s world are the most valuable assets of an organization. Every business system, and thus the information and data that are part of such a system, is exposed to certain risks and threats. For this reason, organizations are forced to protect their assets. One of the key parameters that affect an organization’s exposure to risk is information security. Its goal is to protect information from threats. The information security risk management system establishes a mechanism for controlling and managing an acceptable level of risk in the organization. Selecting an appropriate risk assessment methodology allows the organization’s managers to prioritize risks according to their severity or some other criteria. Given the complexity of today’s information business, the Probabilistic Risk Assessment methodology has begun to be applied in information security risk assessment. By creating a use-case scenario, it is possible to conduct qualitative and quantitative risk assessments. Event trees and stable errors as part of the above methodology are used to indicate possible scenarios, as well as to find the causes of their occurrence and to model the possible failure of controls applicable to risk mitigation. This paper will present one of the use cases of information security risk assessment using these trees. Also, their application in the conditions of a complex information system will be presented on the example of an organization in the Republic of Croatia.

In specific conditions and crisis situations such as the pandemic of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), or the COVID-19 disease, e-learning systems be-came crucial for the smooth performing of teaching and other educational pro-cesses. In such scenarios, the availability of e-learning ecosystem elements is further highlighted. An indicator of the importance for securing the availability of such an ecosystem is evident from the DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack on AAI@EduHr as a key authentication service for number of e-learning users in Republic of Croatia. In doing so, numerous users (teach-ers/students/administrators) were prevented from implementing and participat-ing in the planned teaching process. Given that DDoS as an anomaly of network traffic has been identified as one of the key threats to the e-learning ecosystem in crisis scenarios, this research will focus on overview of methodology for de-veloping a model for proactive detection of DDoS traffic. The challenge in de-tection is to effectively differentiate the increased traffic intensity and service requests caused by legitimate user activity (flash crowd) from the illegitimate traffic caused by a DDoS attack. The DDoS traffic detection model developed by following analyzed methodology would serve as a basis for providing further guidelines and recommendations in the form of response to events that may negatively affect the availability of e-learning ecosystem elements such as DDoS attack., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2104.11041

The conference aims at creating synergies of “practice and research” increasing the potential and commercial viability of research and development in the field of innovative technologies in management of manufacturing systems, Industry 4.0, logistics and traffic/transport system. The ambition of the MMS 2018 conference is to establish channels of communication and disseminate knowledge among stakeholders in mentioned ecosystem. Therefore, we cordially invite experts, researchers, academicians and practitioners in relevant fields to share their knowledge from the field of innovative ecosystem for management of manufacturing systems, Industry 4.0, logistics and traffic/transport system.

Signalling and safety systems are an essential part of railway traffic that excludes the possibility of wrong reactions of the train driver for different traffic conditions and prevent possible collision of trains. One of the most applicable train protection system in Europe is Indusi system which allows spot transmission of information at discrete points. This paper briefly describes the characteristics and versions of this system developed over time, explores its applicability and its impact on interoperability in European rail traffic.