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Population aging has become a social issue of concern to the whole world, and as the world's most populous country, how to cope with population aging will be a hot issue that all sectors of Chinese society must think about. This paper uses provincial panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2021 to study the relationship between population aging and economic development based on the perspective of health expenditure. The DIFF-GMM model, the fixed effect model (FE), and fixed effect instrumental variable model (FE-IV) are used to test this study. The following two conclusions are drawn from the empirical study: (1) population aging has a significant inhibitory effect on economic development, while health expenditures have a significant promotional effect on economic development; and (2) increased health expenditures help to alleviate the negative impact of population aging on economic development. However, the deepening of population aging will likewise inhibit the positive effect of health expenditure on economic growth. Based on the conclusions of the study, it is recommended that the government and society should continue to increase spending in the field of health protection, encourage and guide residents to carry out self-care, and moderately increase personal health expenditure, to promote economic development with healthy bodies and realize the goal of "Healthy China". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unavoidable option for socially sustainable development is a low-carbon economy. One of the essential steps for China to attain high-quality development is reducing carbon emissions. It is necessary to realize low-carbon development in Sichuan, as it is not only an important economic zone but also an ecological protected area. The concurrent relationship among energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth was examined in this study using the Tapio decoupling indicator, and the factors affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions in Sichuan were broken down using the logarithmic mean Divisia indicator (LMDI). The findings demonstrate a fundamental relative decoupling relationship between Sichuan's energy use and carbon emissions. Analysis of energy consumption and carbon emissions in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2020 shows distinct patterns. From 2005 to 2012, in 2014, and from 2016 to 2020, the relationship between energy use and carbon emissions was relatively decoupled, with decoupling values ranging between 0 and 1. Absolute decoupling occurred in specific years: 2010, from 2013 to 2018, and in 2020. These periods are characterized by economic growth alongside reductions in carbon emissions. Factors affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions were consistently analyzed, showing similar impacts throughout the study periods. We find that population and economic growth are the main driving forces of these effects. The effects of energy intensity and industrial structure mainly play restraining roles, and the latter has a slightly weaker effect than the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy (DE) has become a major breakthrough in promoting industrial upgrading and an important engine for high-quality economic growth. However, most studies have neglected the important driving effect of regional economic and social (RES) development on DE. In this paper, we discuss the mechanism of RES development promoting the development of DE, and establish a demand-driven regional DE development model to express the general idea. With the help of spatial analysis toolbox in ArcGIS software, the spatial development characteristics of DE in the Yangtze River Delta City Cluster (YRDCC) is explored. We find the imbalance of spatial development is very significant in YRDCC, no matter at the provincial level or city level. Quantitative analysis reveals that less than 1% likelihood that the imbalanced or clustered pattern of DE development in YRDCC could be the result of random chance. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis with publicly available dataset of YRDCC indicates RES development significantly promotes the development of DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry is supported by smart and green manufacturing, which have great potential to empower the nation's green development. This study examines the impact of the Made in China 2025 industrial policy on urban green economic growth. This study applies the super-slacks-based measure model to measure cities' green economic growth, using the double machine learning model, which overcomes the limitations of the linear setting of traditional causal inference models and maintains estimation accuracy under high-dimensional control variables, to conduct an empirical analysis based on panel data of 281 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2021. The results reveal that the Made in China 2025 strategy significantly drives urban green economic growth, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. A mechanism analysis indicates that the Made in China 2025 strategy promotes green economic growth through green technology progress, optimizing energy consumption structure, upgrading industrial structure, and strengthening environmental supervision. In addition, the policy has a stronger driving effect for cities with high manufacturing concentration, industrial intelligence, and digital finance development. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and policy implications for government planning to promote high-quality development through industrial policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For almost a decade, countries have been working to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet progress on the SDGs across countries, as well as across the 17 goals, has proven frustratingly slow. Even countries that have performed relatively well on the SDGs may have done so by causing negative externalities, such as environmental degradation, in other parts of the world. To determine if this is the case empirically, we developed and tested hypotheses concerning how a country's SDG performance is associated with such externalities. We then ran a regression to examine correlations between indices measuring SDG progress, ecological footprints and international spillovers. We found that SDG progress is positively correlated with increased ecological footprints and spillovers. The results indicate that SDG progress remains closely associated with conventional measures of economic growth, and that negative environmental and social impacts of internationally-sourced consumption represent behavioural and structural barriers to meaningful progress on sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth at sectoral levels in Bangladesh, employing a panel study framework. Utilizing sectoral-level panel data spanning six sectors from 2007–08 to 2018–19, the analysis is conducted using Panel Vector Error Correction Model (Panel VECM). Results from panel unit root tests confirm that all variables are integrated of order one I (1), indicating stationarity. The Pedroni panel co-integration test further supports the presence of co-integration among the variables. Notably, the Panel VECM reveals evidence of a unidirectional causal relationship from Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) to Real Foreign Direct Investment (RFDI) across all six sectors of Bangladesh. The findings underscore the significance of formulating pragmatic policies and implementing them effectively to attract FDI across sectors, thereby contributing to the overall economic growth of Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study asymptotic model change detection in multivariate linear regression by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov function of the partial sum process of recursive residuals. We approximate the rejection region and also the power function of the test by establishing a functional central limit theorem for the sequence of the partial sum processes of the recursive residuals of the observations. When the assumed model is true, the limit process is given by the standard multivariate Brownian motion which does not depend on the regression functions. However, when the assumed model is not true (some models change), the limit process is represented by a vector of deterministic trend plus the standard multivariate Brownian motion. The finite sample size rejection region and the power of the test are investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation study shows evidence that the proposed test is consistent in the sense that it attains the power larger than the size of the test when the hypothesis is not true. We also demonstrate the application of the proposed test method to Indonesian economic growth data in which we test the adequacy of three-variate low-order polynomial model. The test result shows that the growth of the Indonesian economy is neither simultaneously constant nor linear. The test has successfully detect the appearance of a change in the model which is mainly caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research project investigates the correlation between economic growth, government spending, and public revenue in seventeen Indian states spanning the years 1990 to 2020. An analysis of the relationship between key fiscal policy variables and economic growth was conducted utilising a panel data approach, the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and fully modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS & DOLS) estimation. In our investigation, we assessed the impacts of non-tax revenue, development plan expenditure, tax revenue, and development non-plan expenditure on (i) the net state domestic product (NSDP) and (ii) the NSDP per capita. The findings indicate that the selected fiscal variables are significantly related. The results indicate that expeditious expansion of the fiscal sector is obligatory to stimulate economic growth in India and advance the actual development of the economies of these states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines university-driven partnerships that promote entrepreneurship in underserved communities, drawing from the experiences of NCGrowth, an economic development center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We address the following questions: Who are the central stakeholders? How do they interact? What do their challenges and experiences imply for policymaking and practice in nurturing entrepreneurship ecosystems in underserved communities? We employed social-network analyses of NCGrowth's projects spanning 2013–2019, supplemented by document analysis of archival data and in-depth interviews. The study uncovers highly asymmetric connections among stakeholders, with universities and government agencies emerging as dominant entities, leveraging universities' specialized knowledge and community relationships. Nevertheless, challenges surface due to overlapping roles as facilitators, the absence of consistent community carriers of development plans, and a dearth of financial institutions. Our findings advocate for an ecosystem-focused approach to economic development in underserved areas, emphasizing the involvement of additional anchor institutions such as hospitals, major corporations, and philanthropists. Furthermore, policies and practices should integrate the objectives of entrepreneurship, economic growth, and social equity to cultivate inclusive entrepreneurship ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, as China experiences economic expansion and its corporations become more global, it has notably become a central hub for cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on the world stage. The Chinese government, in tandem, leverages these international M&A operations to drive industrial transformation and progress in technology. This research investigates the role of China's industrial policies in shaping cross-border M&A activities by examining recent instances. Findings indicate that relaxing financial barriers and applying specific industrial tactics bolster companies' abilities to secure funding, consequently energizing cross-border M&A initiatives. Several firms in these international mergers and acquisitions are intricately connected to political strategies, markedly affecting the formulation of industrial policies. This assertion is corroborated through the analysis of relevant statistical evidence. The study methodically collects and scrutinizes data to quantitatively depict the current landscape and influencing elements of cross-border M&A, thus providing concrete evidence for policy and business strategy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, economic growth is influenced by many domestic and foreign global issues, concerning the decrease of industrial output for the rise in economic inequality and the weakening of the overall condition in the countries. The role of economic growth is based on human capital and investment. Therefore, in this paper, the human capital and economic management system (HC‐EMS) has been proposed to enhance the country's quality based on the capital structure investment. HC explores the role of command and its significance in the production and creation aspects of human capital such that an area can grow creatively. HC‐EMS analysed critical monitoring systems for developing human resources and the high‐tech and creative economic sectors and presented suggestions for change. Besides, there is a need to prove the shortcomings and benefits of human resource development systems and statistical approaches for gathering and analysing information. The impact of financial services and financial transactions may vary; therefore, it is critically important for fostering economic growth. The experimental result suggests that the proposed HC‐EMS achieves the highest growth development ratio than other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of a country's entry into the monetary union on its economic variables growth rate of real GDP as well as on GDP per capita growth for the period from 2010 to 2020. The clustering method and the ANFIS method were used in the data analysis. A total of two cluster analyses were performed. The first cluster includes countries that joined the EU in 2004 and became EZ members by 2010. The second cluster refers to those countries that joined the EU in 2004 but are not yet members of the EZ. For the first individual cluster analysis two models were analysed and for the second individual cluster three models were analysed using the ANFIS method. As expected, the results showed that GDP growth is connected with trade, inflation and gross investments in fixed capital in the observed countries, while GDP per capita is connected with unemployment, interest rates and public debt. With regard to GDP growth, the difference between countries that are in the eurozone and those that are not is not significant, which is in line with other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current situation of the Romanian economy must be understood beginning from the analysis of the main measures of fiscal-budgetary policy applied over the last years by the public authority. In general, the Romanian fiscal policy (before and after accession) was procyclical. However, we continue by presenting some of its characteristics for the past years when we underwent the last ascending phase of the economic cycle. Actually, Romania's GDP exceeded constantly the potential level, and the demand surplus became predominant, generating inflationary pressures. Maintaining the expansionist level of the fiscal policy, in the conditions of a positive deviation of GDP, as of 2017, and opting-out regarding the structural deficit target contributed to affecting the stability of public finances, on short-and medium-term. Romania entered into an extremely difficult economic context, generated by the pandemic, with an extremely narrow fiscal space which limited a lot the possibilities of combating the effects of the pandemic. In this paper we analyzed a period limited to the year 2020, because we consider this time as marking the end of an economic cycle in a period of peace and economic calm, as another is about to begin based on the new realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the real estate industry, characterized by a long industrial chain, has become a pillar industry for economic development. Therefore, we inspect the nexus between land finance, housing prices, and economic growth. For this purpose, we use the panel data of 277 cities at the prefecture level or above in China from 2011 to 2019, and empirically examine it by using the Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) model. The results show that there is a causal relationship between housing prices and economic growth. Housing prices promote economic growth in the short term and inhibit it in the long term. Both economic growth and housing prices have a significant impact on land finance. The economic growth show a significantly positive impact, while housing prices promote land finance in the short term with a long-term trend from positive to negative. This is the first study that tries to probe the relationship between urban housing prices, land finance, and economic growth by considering 277 prefecture-level and above cities in China. To promote the stable development of the regional economy, local governments need to overcome their dependence on the housing market and land finance and promote the healthy development of the housing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To encourage technological and industrial innovation, nations worldwide implement "re-industrialization" and "manufacturing return." This study investigates the relationship between GDP growth, expenditure on research and development, and medium- to high-tech as a percentage of manufactured exports on technological innovation in Pakistan. We evaluated long-run and short-run causal relationships using the ARDL, bound-F test, and ECM regression. The study found a positive relationship between GDP growth and technological innovation in the short and long run. In the short run, with a one-year lag, the analysis reveals a positive and statistically significant relationship between technological innovation, medium-high-tech exports, and GDP growth. In the long run, R&D is positive and significant, while economic growth and technological innovation are positive but not statistically significant. There is a 0.38 percent chance that exogenous shocks will eventually lead to equilibrium in the long run. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to allocate resources to research and development, promoting collaborative initiatives, ensuring intellectual property rights, and developing a skilled workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Rehabilitation is a set of services designed to increase functioning and improve wellbeing across the life course. Despite being a core part of Universal Health Coverage, rehabilitation services often receive limited public expenditure, especially in lower income countries. This leads to limited service availability and high out of pocket payments for populations in need of care. The purpose of this research was to assess the association between macroeconomic conditions and rehabilitation expenditures across low-, middle-, and high-income countries and to understand its implications for overall rehabilitation expenditure trajectory across countries. Materials and methods: We utilized a panel data set from the World Health Organization's Global Health Expenditure Database comprising the total rehabilitation expenditure for 88 countries from 2016 to 2018. Basic macroeconomic and population data served as control variables. Multiple regression models were implemented to measure the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and rehabilitation expenditures. We used four different model specifications to check the robustness of our estimates: pooled data models (or naïve model) without control, pooled data models with controls (or expanded naïve model), fixed effect models with all controls, and lag models with all controls. Log-log specifications using fixed effects and lag-dependent variable models were deemed the most appropriate and controlled for time-invariant differences. Results: Our regression models indicate that, with a 1% increase in economic growth, rehabilitation expenditure would be associated with a 0.9% and 1.3% increase in expenditure. Given low baseline levels of existing rehabilitation expenditure, we anticipate that predicted increases in rehabilitation expenditure due to economic growth may be insufficient to meet the growing demand for rehabilitation services. Existing expenditures may also be vulnerable during periods of economic recession. Conclusion: This is the first known estimation of the association between rehabilitation expenditure and macroeconomic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that rehabilitation is sensitive to macroeconomic fluctuations and the path dependency of past expenditures. This would suggest the importance of increased financial prioritization of rehabilitation services and improved institutional strengthening to expand access to rehabilitation services for populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses some comparative analysis between the pattern of economic performances in Asia and Western Europe during 1950s-2020s through political economies perspective. The Asian and Western European economic performances are investigated through some stylized facts in the sense of economic factors. Three analyses are used to explain the general pattern of these regions. First, this study examines the pattern of GDP growth per capita during the 1950s-2020s, focusing on several countries in this region. Second, the analysis captures the pattern of linkages of economic variables in this region related to the principle of Circular and Cumulative causation (CCC) and contradiction. Third, the analysis employs a historical perspective underpinned by the results in the second analysis. This third analysis is crucial to appreciating Asia's global economic performance and also the process of Western deterioration phenomenon through long wave, including the occurrence recession and financial crises. The institutions of globalization and neoliberalism that put the power of capital promoted a financial crisis several times during the decades of 1980s-2020. The financial crisis is depicted by contradictions in the structural linkages among economic factors in Western Europe over the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the effects of the development in the higher education and financial sector on economic growth in the case of North Cyprus. Findings of time series data show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between real income and its elements such as labor, capital, higher education, and financial growth. Results show that both capital and labor have a statistically significant effect on economic growth. Additionally, development in the financial sector is a significant contributor to economic growth, however, higher education shows evidence of greater contribution to economic growth in North Cyprus. It draws attention that the higher education sector has a greater impact on economic development than the financial sector. In this context, government authorities should support both the financial and higher education sectors in order to accelerate their contribution to economic development. Policymakers needed to concentrate more on the higher education sector in Northern Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries devote a lot of time and effort to develop economically, but they nevertheless struggle to attain that growth consistently. Research into economic growth should have provided some guidance as to which actions these countries should adopt, but multiple studies using different methods and datasets generally have led to an array of outcomes that contradict one another. However, Granger causality analysis can provide better insight into the relationship between some key variables and economic growth to give these countries more direction. Granger causality results establish a stronger connection between variables, even though they do not depict true causation. We therefore use a Vector Auto Regression method with Generalized Method of Moments estimation and then Grangercausality to discover how commonly used variables in the literature individually impact economic growth and in what way for a selection of OECD and non-OECD countries. We choose government expenditure, foreign direct investment (FDI), education (as a proxy for human capital), population growth, urbanization, and trade openness as our variables of interest. We also utilize updated datasets from the World Development Indicators (WDI) ranging from the years 2000-2016, based on the availability of the data. We find that FDI and population growth do Granger-cause economic development for OECD countries but that government expenditures, education, urbanization, and trade openness do not show such Granger causality. However economic growth Granger-causes government expenditures, FDI, and education for these OECD countries. For the non-OECD countries, we find that FDI, population growth, and trade openness Granger-cause growth but Granger causality does not occur from government expenditure, education, and urbanization to economic development. Yet similar to the OECD countries, economic growth does Granger-cause FDI and trade openness for the non-OECD countries as well. The overall results indicate that all countries should encourage the expansion of foreign direct investment to grow their economy, which then in turn can lead to additional investment as well as more resources available for the country as a whole. We also suggest further studies should focus on the economic development of individual countries rather than regions, particularly in terms of how technology can drive growth and impact these other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to introduce two new notions, Θ -(Ξ ,h)-contraction and rational (α , η) - ψ -interpolative contraction, in the setting of F -metric space and to establish corresponding fixed point theorems. To reinforce understanding and highlight the novelty of our findings, we provide a non-trivial example that not only supports the obtained results but also illuminates the established theory. Finally, we apply our main result to discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a fractional differential equation describing an economic growth model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is the subject of many economic analyses, but so far no attempt has been made to identify the main mechanism of interdependence between sustainable energy development and sustainable economic development in the second decade of the 21st century. The particular role of energy in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is due to the fact that the production, supply and use of energy underpin economic growth. The article fills this research gap and spawns both a better understanding of the essence of sustainable development as well as practical conclusions. The aim is to assess sustainable energy development and sustainable economic development in EU member states and to determine the correlation between the two in the EU. Substantive and formal methods were used to select diagnostic variables, including: the parametric method, the standardized sums method, and correlation analysis. The analysis period covers the years 2014–2021. The conducted research demonstrated a significant variation in the level of sustainable energy development and sustainable economic development among EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explore the decoupling relationship and its drivers between industrial economic increase and energy-related CO2 emissions (ICE). Firstly, the decoupling relationship was evaluated by Tapio index. Then, based on the DEA meta-frontier theory framework which taking into account the regional and industrial heterogeneity and index decomposition method, the driving factors of decoupling process were explored mainly from the view of technology and efficiency. The results show that during 2000e2019, weak decoupling was the primary state. Investment scale expansion was the largest reason hindering decoupling process of industrial increase from ICE. Both energy saving and production technology achieved significant progress, which facilitated the decoupling process. Simultaneously, the energy technology gap and production technology gap among regions have been narrowed, and played a role in promoting decoupling process. On the contrary, both scale economy efficiency and pure technical efficiency have inhibiting effects on decoupling process. The former indicates that the scale economy of China's industry was not conducive to improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, while the latter indicates that resource misallocation problem may exist in both energy market and product market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bhutan has attracted international attention by pioneering the Gross National Happiness index, gaining a reputation for promoting holistic societal well-being instead of the more typical focus on economic growth. Yet a decade and a half since becoming a democracy, Bhutan is experiencing growing pains. A dearth of job opportunities has prompted more young people to emigrate. And minority rights are still not secure, particularly those of Nepali-speakers, after many were declared noncitizens in the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of monetary policy on economic growth in Tunisian. After a revolution or significant political changes, countries may reassess and adjust their economic policies, including monetary policy, to address new challenges and align with the evolving economic and political landscape. Central banks often play a crucial role in maintaining economic stability, and changes in leadership or government can lead to shifts in monetary policy objectives and strategies. Using an ARDL model applied to monthly data over the 2011/2021 period, the results revealed that money supply has a positive long-run impact on economic growth in Tunisian after revolution. On the other hand; other instruments such as the interest rate, exchange rate have a significant negative relationship with economic growth. In fact, when interest rates are high, it becomes more expensive to borrow money, so people and businesses are less likely to invest and spend. Findings also depict that increase in Domestic Credit to Private Sector hurts the economic growth. A negative effect on domestic credit could lead a central bank to consider lowering interest rates or implementing other measures to stimulate credit growth and support economic activity. Besides, inflation was shown to play an indirect role by increasing the impact of economic growth. Due to the effect of the revolution, the political instability and high international food and fuel prices negatively affected the domestic prices; Tunisia reached an inflation rate of 4.8% in 2021. Findings of the study have important implications that may discuss the need to adapt monetary policy to ensure economic stability in the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. This could involve addressing challenges such as inflation, exchange rate fluctuations, and overall economic uncertainty. There might be recommendations for adjustments to monetary policy tools and strategies. This could include changes in interest rates, currency management, and liquidity measures to support economic recovery and growth. The implications might involve collaboration between monetary authorities and the government to implement coordinated fiscal and monetary policies. This synergy is often necessary to address broader economic challenges and promote sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbon transformation of the economy is the inevitable orientation of socialism with Chinese characteristics to high-quality development in the new era, while the Chinese decentralized development model determines that the competition of local governments in China is an important factor influencing the green technological innovation on low-carbon transformation of the economy. How to achieve coordinated economic growth and ecological environment has become a problem for local governments. Data from a Chinese provincial panel covering the years 2007–2019 is used to investigate the effects of heterogeneous local government competition (Comp), namely, economic, ecological and service competitions on economic low-carbon transition, and moderating effects of heterogeneous government competition and green technology innovation (GTECH) on the low-carbon economic transition (LCT). The results reveal that there are substantial disparities in the consequences of heterogeneous government competition on low-carbon economic transition (LCT). Among them, economic competition significantly dampens economic low-carbon transition (LCT), and ecological competition and service competition significantly boost economic low-carbon transition (LCT). After performing robustness checks, these results continue to be strongly convincing. The study of moderating effects shows that economic competition can dampen the positive influence of green technology innovation (GTECH) to the economic low-carbon transition (LCT). However, ecological competition and service competition facilitate the promoting effect of green technology innovation on economic low-carbon transition (LCT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to shed light on the experience of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in balancing three main pillars: the environmental criteria, the reduction of CO2 emissions and the economic growth. Based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, it will assess the causal relationship between economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, trade openness and energy use and environmental indicators such as CO2 emissions. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis relies on a period of 40 years (1981–2020) where data is extracted from the World Bank database. This study uses the unit root test for time series stationarity, the optimal lag length test, the "Johansen" test for co-integration and the vector error correction model. Findings: The paper concludes to two major findings. On a short-term basis, CO2 emissions and economic indicators are negatively correlated, whereas on a long-term basis, there is no association between CO2 emissions and economic indicators in the UAE. Research limitations/implications: The research ends with important recommendations. It illustrates the importance of rationalizing the use of primary resources and the necessity to embrace successful and efficient policies in the energy production. Practical implications: More specifically, UAE is urged to address the problem of CO2 emissions in the electricity sector and increase awareness of the use of environmentally friendly processes in the transport and industrial sectors. While setting their economic agendas, UAE are encouraged to meet environmental criteria and invest in renewable energy projects such as "Shams 1", the largest solar power plant outside of Spain and the USA. Originality/value: The current study is significant in its research on the environmental impact of economic development, trade openness and energy use policies in the UAE. It uses CO2 emissions as an environmental proxy and evaluates the environmental policies adopted in the UAE to reduce its impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a product of combining digital technology and traditional finance, digital inclusive finance plays a vital role in economic growth. This paper deeply analyzes the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth and the specific transmission path. This research selects the municipal panel data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from 2011 to 2020 and empirically studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth. From the perspectives of industrial structure transformation speed, industrial structure upgrading, and industrial structure rationalization, this study analyzes the role of industrial structure in the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth and tests the heterogeneity of the impact of digital inclusive finance on economic growth. The results show that digital inclusive finance has a significant role in promoting economic growth. The depth of use of digital inclusive finance has the most significant impact, followed by the breadth of coverage, and the degree of digitization is the smallest. The industrial structure transformation speed and the industrial structure rationalization play a significant intermediary role in the economic growth effect of digital inclusive finance, and the industrial structure upgrading has no significant impact on the economic growth effect of digital inclusive finance; the promotion effect of digital inclusive finance on economic growth is bigger in the economically developed group, the higher digital inclusive finance group and the technologically developed group, and the promotion effect is smaller in the economically underdeveloped group, the lower digital inclusive finance group and the technologically underdeveloped group. The results provide a strong reference for policy formulation to promote the development of digital inclusive finance and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional economic growth models treat production/consumption as abstractions linked only by money flows, disregarding their connection to the physical world. Nevertheless, the existing literature suggests that energy flows can influence production and links useful exergy prices with economic growth. Useful exergy is energy measured at the stage where it produces an end-use (and is a measurement of energy quality). Not all approaches in the literature use this metric and they often consider energy as a primary input (despite it being an intermediate input). We explore the relationship between energy flows and economic growth for the US through a framework where useful exergy, the output of an "extended energy sector" (where all effects of increasing primary-to-final-to-useful exergy efficiency are located), is an intermediate input for a "non-energy sector". Together, they encompass the entire economy. We conclude that the share of investment in the extended energy sector grew with the overall economic growth throughout 1960–2020, while the labour share decreased. The non-energy sector contributed the largest share of consumption, exports, imports and labour. In recent years, the energy sector has overtaken it in terms of investment. Our two-sector model has important implications for current climate policy, namely regarding the Integrated Assessment Models on which it is based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Morlet Wavelet approach and other time‐frequency decomposition techniques, this study investigates the dynamic relationship between energy prices, economic growth, and ecological footprint in Malaysia from 1975 to 2021. Our analysis reveals several key findings. Firstly, despite the absence of oil price volatility, the size of Malaysia's ecological footprint varies significantly over the study period. Secondly, energy prices contribute significantly to the ecological footprint. Thirdly, the association between energy prices and ecological footprint is stronger during periods of economic growth. Lastly, energy prices contribute to economic growth and inflation in the short run, but after factoring in the ecological footprint, the association extends into the long run. These findings suggest that Malaysia's economic growth is driven not only by energy prices but also by its ecological footprint. Moreover, the size of Malaysia's ecological footprint is driven by factors at the microeconomic level rather than energy prices alone. Therefore, the impact of energy prices on the macroeconomy, especially when considering the impact on the environment, is non‐linear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of climate change and scarce non-renewable resources, transforming the fossil-based toward a bio-based economy is considered crucial for sustainable development. Numerous countries have released governmental strategies outlining their bioeconomy visions. This study examines the bioeconomy visions presented in 78 policy documents from 50 countries worldwide, building on earlier vision typologies. Through qualitative content analysis, 227 distinct policy goals were identified and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the salience of specific goals, overarching goal categories, and distinct bioeconomy visions: bioresource, biotechnology, and bioecology visions. The results reveal that goals and visions prioritize economic growth, while environmental considerations are less salient. The bioresource vision emerges as the globally dominant perspective, while the bioecology and biotechnology visions have lower salience. These findings deepen our comprehension of current bioeconomy policies and emphasize the need for critical research on bioeconomy visions and their implications for public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesizing various studies that follow technology beyond innovation and use, this article aims to continue widening the scope of history of technology toward this perspective. It argues that we must follow technology through time and—in addition to its use—its maintenance and repair, while also addressing its so-called afterlife, encompassing topics such as reuse, reconfiguration and/or restoration, decline or deliberate ruination, abandonment, and removal and/or remains. Recent studies of these issues underscore that the temporality of technology does not end with the end of its use, suggesting instead multilayered temporalities. History of technology is thus challenged to rethink some of its established and largely unquestioned approaches, such as the "innovation timeline", the model of "technology diffusion and substitution", and "lifecycle" metaphors borrowed from twentieth-century theories of economic growth and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the economic relationship between trade openness and economic growth and to identify current developments, potential research area and future directions. The emphasis is on the identification of annual growth of publications, country-wise distribution, publication pattern, intellectual structure and cluster analysis of scientific production in this field. Design/methodology/approach: This study used evaluative techniques, text mining approach and performance analysis to identify possible patterns and correlation and to measure the impact of authors/citations/scientific production. Further, this study used the bibliometric mapping to represent the structural features of scientific production. This study emphasized on identification of the research hotspots based on occurrence of indexed keywords, productive researchers and journals during 2000–2022. Further, cluster analysis is performed using VOS viewer to analyze the current dynamics and future direction of the association between trade openness and economic growth (Eck and Waltman, 2011). Also, co-citation analysis is used in this study to identify the relations among authors or journals or documents using citation data, whereas the bibliographic coupling/mapping is intended to analyze the citing documents. Similarly, co-word analysis is used to study the article keywords that are mainly used to assess the conceptual structure of a concerning subject. Findings: Economic growth is a function of trade openness, and it is important to analyze the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. Trade openness tends to become more liberalized over time, to contribute more to economic growth. Empirical evidence suggested that there exists a strong association between trade openness and economic growth. Further, keyword timeline analysis illustrated that the linkage between trade openness and economic growth is current area of interest among researchers. As per bibliometric analysis, China, Pakistan and Malaysia are the three most prolific countries in the terms of published articles on this theme. However, the most influential publications based on h-index and citation on trade openness–economic growth relationship is produced by Turkey. Based on cluster analysis, this study suggests that researchers are currently working on trade openness–economic growth relationship with other variables such as FDI, financial development, labor force, environment degradation and carbon emission, while in future, researchers could work on variables such as technology and sustainable development. Research limitations/implications: There are some limitations of this study. The first limitation is the authors have used Scopus database, leaving the possibility for future research to use Web of Science, Google Scholar or other similar sources. The second limitation is that the authors have used search terms "trade openness "and "economic growth," although research could be performed using synonyms or even relevant terms in other languages. Practical implications: Cluster analysis suggested that researchers are currently working on trade openness–economic growth relationship with other variables such as FDI, financial development, labor force, environment degradation and carbon emission, while in future, researchers could work on variables such as technology and sustainable development. Therefore, this study identified the potential research area in this research domain. Originality/value: To confirm the originality of this study, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to combine bibliometric analysis and cluster analysis on trade openness–economic growth relationship. This study makes a comparison with phenomena/processes/events in contemporary economic and social reality in the field of trade openness and economic growth relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many ECOWAS countries, the decision-making process for public service delivery has long remained shrouded in secrecy, rendering the general public largely uninformed. Integrating information and communication technology (ICT) into public service delivery seeks to break these barriers. This study, therefore, investigates the impact of e-governance on economic growth among ECOWAS countries, with the specific objectives of examining the effect of four components of e-governance as well as other postulated determinants on economic growth. By employing annual data across 16 ECOWAS countries spanning from 2003 to 2021, using system generalised method of moment (SGMM) and panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) techniques. The results from the PCSE and SGMM estimations show that e-governance positively influences economic growth among ECOWAS countries both in the long- and short-run. Furthermore, the study identifies the significant influence of various control variables on economic growth, persisting in both short and long-run analyses, except for the labour force variable in the short run. This underlines the intrinsic correlation between e-governance and economic growth. Consequently, it becomes imperative for stakeholders within the sub-region to meticulously link investments in e-governance with measurable economic growth outcomes. By doing so, these investments can substantiate expansive initiatives in public service delivery, while simultaneously bridging the historical gap of opacity that has separated citizens from effective government management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion is pivotal in supporting sustainable economic growth and social transformation. It is a key enabler for reducing poverty and uplifting prosperity. Improving financial inclusion has attracted significant attention from practitioners, academics, and governments. However, the asymmetric effect of institutional quality on financial inclusion contingent upon the income level has largely been neglected in the existing literature. As such, this study examines this asymmetric effect using the panel smooth transition regression for a sample of 110 countries globally from 2004 to 2020. Our empirical findings confirm the asymmetric effect of institutional quality on financial inclusion depending on the income level. Improved institutional quality is associated with extended financial inclusion in high-income and middle-income countries. However, low-income countries may not benefit from their institutional reform. Policy implications have emerged based on these empirical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2020 to investigate the impact of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development by constructing an economic high-quality development index and a carbon-neutral development index. Firstly, the study examines the effects of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development using baseline regression and spatial Durbin regression. The results indicate that carbon-neutral development has a positive direct effect on economic high-quality growth, but there are negative spatial spillover effects. Secondly, this study employs total factor productivity (TFP) as an intermediate variable in the mediation model regression. The findings demonstrate that carbon-neutral development significantly improves TFP, and the significant improvement in TFP promotes high-quality economic growth. Lastly, the study conducts regional heterogeneity analysis and finds a significant promoting effect of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development in the eastern and central regions of China, while it is not significant in the western region. Therefore, it is recommended that China, in the process of achieving carbon-neutral growth, consider the geographical connections between different regions to prevent negative spillover effects. Additionally, regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when formulating relevant policies to promote economic high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation, based on digital technologies, has triggered economic growth in many industries and brought about production and service transformation in the manufacturing sector. As an important source of innovation output and a driving force for national economic development, it is of great significance to study the impact of digital transformation on innovation output in manufacturing companies. This study analyzes the effects of digital transformation on the quality, quantity, and overall innovation output of manufacturing companies from both the macro provincial-level digital transformation and micro enterprise-level digital transformation perspectives. Additionally, using data from manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2012 to 2022, this study empirically tests the mechanism through which digital transformation affects innovation output from the perspectives of internal transaction costs and external transaction costs. The results show that digital transformation promotes overall improvement in innovation output of manufacturing companies and leads to improvements in both the quality and quantity of innovation output. Furthermore, the study finds that the effect of digital transformation on innovation output has a nonlinear characteristic under different levels of market competitiveness and market freedom. The mediation analysis reveals that the influence of digital transformation on innovation output can be attributed to the reduction of internal transaction costs and the enhancement of external transaction efficiency. In terms of digital policy formulation, it is necessary to coordinate the development of diverse and innovative digital infrastructure at the macro level with the micro-level ecosystems of enterprises, in order to reduce transaction costs within and outside innovative entities. Ultimately, it is essential for the government to foster a conducive free market environment that enhances transaction efficiency and timely regulates the excessive competition resulting from oligopolistic monopolies, thus maximizing the potential of digital transformation in promoting innovation output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid global imperatives to combat climate change and achieve sustainable economic development, the convergence of digital transformation and the transition to clean energy has emerged as a critical focal point for oil-exporting nations. This study comprehensively investigates the interplay of digital technology, clean energy transition, climate change, and economic growth among selected oil-exporting nations. Drawing upon a diverse set of economic and geographical contexts, this study uses panel data analysis of data from the World Bank's Economic Indicators and the United Nations Development Program for the period from 2006 to 2020. The results show that digital technology reduces climate change by improving environmental quality, but internet and mobile access have insignificant and negative effects on environmental quality, respectively. Meanwhile, all technology variables negatively impact green energy and economic growth, while the Happy Planet Index and financial development positively impact the green energy transition. This study is important for regulators, producers, and consumers, as it provides a better understanding of the crucial role of digital transformation in sustainable development within oil-export countries. This study's findings can be used to develop policy recommendations for a low-carbon economy, the promotion of digital transformation through green energy, and the management of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the interplay between clean energy, environmental pollution reduction, and economic growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1980 to 2019, utilizing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. The study underscores the global transition towards cleaner energy sources and its implications for the region. In assessing the determinants of economic growth, the findings reveal a positive and significant short- and long-term impact of energy production, with energy consumption exhibiting a positive and significant effect solely in the long term. The absence of a confirmed relationship in the short term is notable. Causality tests demonstrate a significant link from both energy consumption types to environmental pollution, alongside causal relationships from urbanization, energy production, and consumption to economic growth. Moreover, the results include the pivotal role of energy production in driving GDP growth, caution in short-term energy consumption effects, and significant causal links between energy consumption and environmental pollution. The recommendations to incentivize sustainable energy production, engage in long-term energy consumption planning, and adopt integrated urbanization policies provide actionable insights for policymakers. These suggestions are aimed at guiding the GCC countries in balancing the pursuit of economic growth with environmental sustainability—a delicate equilibrium that necessitates careful consideration of various factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon emissions trading system (CETS) is a helpful policy instrument for separating carbon emissions from economic expansion, and it significantly impacts energy efficiency (EE). This study uses 30 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2020 as its research samples, and classifies energy efficiency into single-factor energy efficiency (SFE) and total-factor energy efficiency (TFE), using the difference-in-differences model to examine the effect and mechanism of the CETS on EE. As an additional tool to assess the efficacy of the CETS, the corresponding evolution of the rebound effect of energy-related carbon emissions (RECE) is also calculated. This study shows that the CETS can significantly improve EE in China's pilot provinces. The influence mechanism indicates that the effect of the CETS on EE is influenced by the level of government governance, green innovation, and industrial structure optimization. Further study finds that after the CETS was carried out, the RECE in pilot provinces was higher than that in non-pilot provinces, and 31.4% of carbon emissions reduced by EE improvement rebounded. Therefore, the CETS has yet to realize its full carbon reduction potential. The study offers specific policy proposals for the enhancement of China's CETS in light of the aforementioned findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business has a massive effect on both people and society as a whole in today's culture. Businesses make significant contributions to humanity's general well-being and progress by promoting economic growth, supporting innovation, producing wealth, and addressing social challenges. However, choosing the right location for a business is a complex task, involving multiple criteria and qualitative and quantitative factors that heavily rely on expert judgement. The researchers propose a unique approach called the SVNZN multi-attributed decision-making method to aid decision-makers in this process. They introduce new operating laws for SVNZNs based on the sine trigonometric (ST) function, known for its periodicity and symmetry over the origin, making it favorable for decision-makers over multi-time phase parameters. Additionally, novel AOs such as SVNZN weighted averaging and geometric operators are defined to combine SVNZNs effectively. Based on these AOs, a decision-making technique for MADM problems is presented, and its applicability is demonstrated through a numerical example of selecting the best location for a business. To validate and enhance the understanding of these proposed techniques, the researchers conducted a comprehensive comparison analysis, including a sensitivity analysis, considering existing literature on MADM difficulties. Figure 1 provides a thorough graphical summary by visually representing all of the contributions and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the sources of growth in selected African and East Asian countries, using the growth accounting framework on data from 1960 to 2016. We demonstrate the causal association between labour quantity, total capital service (TKS), total factor productivity (TFP) and economic growth. The lower growth in GDP during the 1980s and 1990s in Africa matches with the slower growth in TKS. The TFP growth does not explain the economic growth difference among countries; it contributed negatively to GDP growth in the two regions until the 2000s. However, in African countries, its positive contribution during the 2000s returned to negative in the 2010s, while Asian countries continued driving a positive contribution up to 28.9% as a result of TFP growth. In all East Asian countries, TKS contributed more than half of their growth in GDP, which makes their growth capital-driven, while African countries' growth in GDP was more dependent on labour quantity growth. In Africa, we discovered bidirectional causality between labour quantity and GDP and between TKS and GDP, as well as unidirectional causality running from GDP to TFP. In East Asia, we found only a one-way causality running from GDP to TKS and to TFP. Policymakers in Africa should adopt policies aimed at increasing capital accumulation and efficient allocation of economic resources in order to sustain growth acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the dynamic relationship between good governance and economic growth in Oman. The research uses financial and macroeconomic data to assess this relationship and test the proposed hypotheses. The data and variables are analyzed using EViews software, employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The study findings reveal that the Foreign Investment Competitive Index significantly moderates economic growth, albeit with some adverse effects. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers seeking to foster Oman's economic growth. First, the study suggests that the government should improve good governance, particularly transparency, accountability, and the rule of law. Second, the study suggests that the government should improve the Foreign Investment Competitive Index. These steps include reducing bureaucratic red tape, improving the legal framework for foreign investment, and providing incentives for foreign investors. The findings of this study also have implications for scholars investigating governance and economic growth. The study provides empirical evidence of the link between good governance and economic growth, and it suggests that the Foreign Investment Competitive Index plays a moderating role in this relationship. These findings can inform future research on governance and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between Islamic financial inclusion and economic development in Indonesia and Iraq using panel data from 2000 to 2014. The study used variables such as GDP per capita growth, education, inflation, government consumption, trade openness, domestic credit, loans by Islamic financial institutions, the rule of law, and regulatory quality. The findings showed significant variation across countries and periods regarding economic development, education, and the adoption of Islamic finance. Correlation analysis revealed both positive and negative relationships between the variables. Panel unit root and cross-sectional dependency tests highlighted the need for advanced methods to analyze panel data. Panel co-integration tests suggested evidence of a long-term relationship between Islamic financial inclusion and economic development. The FMOLS estimators demonstrated the significance and direction of the relationships. The study provided insights into the role of Islamic financial inclusion in promoting economic development in Indonesia and Iraq, emphasizing the potential benefits of integrating Islamic finance into the financial systems of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's era, all firms face new challenges consequent to rising digitization. The urge of digital transformation has led to significant benefits including economic growth and sustainable development. However, there is limited resources on the integration between digital transformation and sustainable business performance. To address the issue, this paper presents a systematic literature review on the relationship between digital transformation and sustainable business performance, aiming to highlight the impact of digital transformation on the business performances of the entrepreneurs with particular emphasis on the sustainable aspect. Thus, this study analysed 130 academic articles from the Scopus database for the period between 2019 and 2023. By using SLR method, this paper identified the characteristics of the body of knowledge in this research: the evolution of the publications, the most cited journals, the key emerging trends, and the intellectual knowledge related to the research field. The findings of this study is helpful for the policy makers and regulators to design policies that can enhance sustainable business performance through effective digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research paper is to apply a mathematical model to estimate and predict the economic growth of the Caspian countries in the period from 1995 to 2022. We use multiple regression by applying the OLS method to estimate the impact of global oil price, energy resource production per capita, trade, and renewable energy on GDP per capita. The mathematical approach uses fixed and random effects models to assess the overall impact of the independent variables on economic growth in this region and over the period analysed. This study also aims to investigate whether the explanatory variables are cointegrated in the long run; as such, we carry out several mathematical cointegration tests, namely the Pedroni and Johansen tests. The mathematical analysis is completed by the estimation of short- and long-run parameters using the stochastic VAR/VEC models, the impulse response function, and the causality test to assess economic growth in this region. This study's main finding is that GDP per capita is increasingly influenced by its previous values, which is confirmed by considering lag 1 and lag 2. The results of the Granger causality tests identify several bidirectional relationships between GDP per capita and oil and gas production. These relationships are clearly positive evidence of the growth trend and progress of economic activity in the Caspian region. The practical implications of the study aim to promote and support the use of renewable energy sources. In this sense, policymakers in the Caspian countries should create favourable conditions for the transition to a green economy. An important aspect is the efforts of the government authorities to make their policies more environmentally friendly, as decarbonisation is a good practice in the current context of sustainability and related choices. As the Caspian countries are heavily dependent on conventional energy production, it is essential for them to increase their export earnings from energy resources via diversifying and strengthening new energy opportunities and partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social sustainability is a global necessity because of environmental and economic uncertainty. This issue needs the foremost solution, and for this purpose, researchers' and policymakers' emphasis is required. Thereby, the present paper investigates sustainable energy technologies such as solar and hydroelectric, eco-innovation and EG and their impact on social sustainability in China. The study also used industrialization and inflation as the control variables in the time span of 1981 to 2020. The present study also applied the Dynamic Auto-regressive Distributed Lags (DARDL) model to evaluate the association between the outlined variables. The results indicated that sustainable energy technologies such as solar and hydroelectric, eco-innovation, economic growth, industrialization and inflation are significantly associated with social sustainability in China. The present paper offers standard policies to regulators in making regulations related to maintaining social sustainability by using effective sustainable energy technologies and eco-innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development goals, particularly number 7, clearly urges economies over the globe to multiple their efforts in order to improve efficiency. Although witnesses stressed out the importance of energy efficiency and claimed that when it is improved drastically, it triggers economic growth, however, the reported evidences to support the claim are mixed. In BRICS scenario, economies are experiencing the change from high-speed growth to high quality growth, due to which it is equally important to look into green investment as it is an essential tool to build high quality economic growth. Although green investment targets energy conservation as well as ecological deficit as it main goal. However, limited literature claims that it affects economic growth as well. Thus, the present study aims to assess green investment, energy efficiency, and economic growth (EG) and their impact on economic freedom index of the BRICS countries. Methods of Moments-Quantile-Regression (MMQR) approach is applied to explore the association between the understudy constructs in the time span of 2001-2020. Interestingly, it is revealed that green investment, energy efficiency and renewable energy are positively related with economic freedom index of the BRICS countries. With the evidences, the study proposes a conclusive remark to spur development across the countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]