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A series of NaBaBi2[PO4]3 doped with Sm3+ (NaBaBi2−x[PO4]3:xSm3+; x = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) phosphors were prepared using a solid-state reaction method in the present study. To evaluate the crystallinity and purity of the phosphor, XRD analysis was employed. To establish the morphology and elemental analyses of the phosphors, FESEM with EDX was adopted. Investigations into the phosphors’ photoluminescence properties were extensively studied. The phosphor exuded many strong Sm3+ ion emission peaks, oriented at 563, 601, and 644 nm, respectively. The transition 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 of Sm3+ emits the most vivid orange-red light at 601 nm. According to Dexter’s hypothesis, quenching happens as a result of dipole–dipole interaction at x = 0.1, the ideal concentration of the Sm3+ doped phosphor. The critical distance for phosphor is 17.27 Å. It was established that the phosphor’s band gap is Eg = 4.25 eV for the undoped compound. The phosphors’ CIE chromaticity coordinate appears to have fallen in the orange-reddish spectral range. It’s possible to employ the Sm3+-doped phosphors found in NaBaBi2[PO4]3 as orange-red phosphors in white light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water electrolysis is an important alternative technology for large-scale hydrogen production to facilitate the development of green energy technology. As such, many efforts have been devoted over the past three decades to producing novel electrocatalysis with strong electrochemical (EC) performance using inexpensive electrocatalysts. Transition metal oxyhydroxide (OxH)-based electrocatalysts have received substantial interest, and prominent results have been achieved for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions. Herein, the extensive research focusing on the discussion of OxH-based electrocatalysts is comprehensively highlighted. The general forms of the water-splitting mechanism are described to provide a profound understanding of the mechanism, and their scaling relation activities for OxH electrode materials are given. This paper summarizes the current developments on the EC performance of transition metal OxHs, rare metal OxHs, polymers, and MXene-supported OxH-based electrocatalysts. Additionally, an outline of the suggested HER, OER, and water-splitting processes on transition metal OxH-based electrocatalysts, their primary applications, existing problems, and their EC performance prospects are discussed. Furthermore, this review article discusses the production of energy sources from the proton and electron transfer processes. The highlighted electrocatalysts have received substantial interest to boost the synergetic electrochemical effects to improve the economy of the use of hydrogen, which is one of best ways to fulfill the global energy requirements and address environmental crises. This article also provides useful information regarding the development of OxH electrodes with a hierarchical nanostructure for the water-splitting reaction. Finally, the challenges with the reaction and perspectives for the future development of OxH are elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc chromite (ZnCr2O4)-based nanoparticles have various exceptional properties that make them suitable for use in a variety of fields, including chemistry, medicine, energy, the environment, industry, and information. In this work, nanocrystalline ZnCr2O4 has been effectively synthesized with a distinct fuel by microwave-assisted solution combustion method. The XRD results reveal a single-phase high pure formation of nanoscale ZnCr2O4. The ZnCr2O4 samples are further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results reveal that modifying the fuel precursors in the combustion technique played an impact on the particle size, bandgap energy, magnetic properties, and reaction time of the ZnCr2O4 preparation. The average particle size of the various samples ranged from 18.6 to 13.9 nm with various fuels. The significance of this study is the tuning effect of optical and magnetic properties of ZnCr2O4 by using various fuel precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of novel materials for organic solar cells is a booming area of current research. Fused-ring electron accepters are the potential agents of revolution in organic photovoltaic devices and revealing high efficiency in organic solar cells. This study highlights the novel quad-rotor-shaped molecules as first example of efficient fused-ring non-fullerene acceptor materials with proficient photovoltaic parameters for their utilization in high-performance organic solar cells. First time, eight quad-rotor-shaped fused-ring electron accepters (QRFR-1-QRFR-8) are developed via modulating end-caps of experimentally synthesized (BFTT-TN) molecule (QRFR). Optoelectronic properties of proposed molecules are determined using frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), UV-Visible, density of state (DOS), overlap DOS (ODOS), transition density matrix (TDM) heat maps, open circuit voltage (V oc ), binding energies (E b ), reorganization energy of electron (λ e ), hole (λ h ), charge transfer analysis, and compared with reference QRFR. All proposed fused-ring electron accepters disclose less energy gap and λ max in near IR region than QRFR after end-capped engineering. Highest V oc with respect to HOMO PM6 -LUMO acceptor is found 1.66 V in QRFR-6 than QRFR (1.63 V). E b values of QRFR-1-QRFR-8 are found better and comparable with QRFR. The λ e is found smaller than QRFR in all molecules except QRFR-5. The proposed quad-rotor-shaped molecules exhibit proficient photovoltaic features and can serve as best candidate for organic solar cells when blended with PM6 film. This study not only enlightens the researchers to use end-capped reforms as effective tactic for designing materials, but also provides novel quad-rotor-shaped materials to experimentalist for synthesis and their usage in future application of organic solar cells., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)