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Room temperature quantized double layer charging was observed in 2 nm Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) quantum dots. In addition to this we observed a distinct non-linearity in the quantized double layer charging arising from UV light modulation of double layer. UV light irradiation resulted in a 26% increase in the integral capacitance at the semiconductor-dielectric (CZTS-oleylamine) interface of the quantum dot without any change in its core size suggesting that the cause be photocapacitive. The increasing charge separation at the semiconductor-dielectric interface due to highly stable and mobile photogenerated carriers cause larger electrostatic forces between the quantum dot and electrolyte leading to an enhanced double layer. This idea was supported by a decrease in the differential capacitance possible due to an enhanced double layer. Furthermore the UV illumination enhanced double layer gives us an AC excitation dependent differential double layer capacitance which confirms that the charging process is non-linear. This ultimately illustrates the utility of a colloidal quantum dot-electrolyte interface as a non-linear photocapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of quantum gravity theories rarely takes inputs from experimental physics. In this letter, we take a small step towards correcting this by establishing a paradigm for incorporating putative quantum corrections, arising from canonical quantum gravity (QG) theories, in deriving falsifiable modified dispersion relations (MDRs) for particles on a deformed Minkowski space–time. This allows us to differentiate and, hopefully, pick between several quantization choices via testable, state-of-the-art phenomenological predictions. Although a few explicit examples from loop quantum gravity (LQG) (such as the regularization scheme used or the representation of the gauge group) are shown here to establish the claim, our framework is more general and is capable of addressing other quantization ambiguities within LQG and also those arising from other similar QG approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With growing demand for energy, power generated in renewable sources at vari-ous locations are distributed throughout the power grid. The power grid known as the smart grid needs to monitor power generation and its smart distribution. Smart meters provide solutions for monitoring power over smart grids. Smart meters need to continuously log data and at every source there is a large amount of data generated that needs to be compressed for both storage and transmission over the smart grid. In this paper, a novel algorithm for PQ data compression is proposed that uses the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) for sub-band computation and a modified quantizer is designed to reduce sub-band coefficient limits to less than 4 bits. The Run Length Encoding (RLC) and Huffman Coding algorithm encode the data further to achieve compression. The performance metrics such as a peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR) are used for evaluation and it is found that the modified DTCWT (MDTCWT) improves PSNR by a factor of 3% and the mean squared error (MSE) by a factor of 16% as compared with the DTCWT based PQ compression algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the quantisation of a model that induces the Little Sibling of the Big Rip (LSBR) abrupt event, where the dark energy content is described by means of a phantom-like fluid or a phantom scalar field. The quantisation is done in the framework of the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation and imposing the DeWitt boundary condition; i.e., the wave function vanishes close to the abrupt event. We analyse the WDW equation within two descriptions: First, when the dark energy content is described with a perfect fluid. This leaves the problem with the scale factor as the single degree of freedom. Second, when the dark energy content is described with a phantom scalar field in such a way that an additional degree of freedom is incorporated. Here, we have applied the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation in order to simplify the WDW equation. In all cases, the obtained wave function vanishes when the LSBR takes place, thus fulfilling the DeWitt boundary condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the third quantization, we consider the possibility that an initially recollapsing baby universe can enter a stage of near de Sitter inflation by tunnelling through a Euclidean wormhole that connects the recollapsing and inflationary geometries. We present the solutions for the evolution of the scale factor in the Lorentzian and Euclidean regions as well as the probability that the baby universe indeed crosses the wormhole when it reaches its maximum size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called copy-move forgery, based on copying an object and pasting in another location of the same image, is a common way to manipulate image content. In this paper, we address the problem of copy-move forgery detection in JPEG images. The main problem with JPEG compression is that the same pixels, after moving to a different position and storing in the JPEG format, have different values. The majority of existing algorithms is based on matching pairs of similar patches, which generates many false matches. In many cases they cannot be eliminated by postprocessing, causing the failure of detection. To overcome this problem, we derive a JPEG-based constraint that any pair of patches must satisfy to be considered a valid candidate and propose an efficient algorithm to verify the constraint. The constraint can be integrated into most existing methods. Experiments show significant improvement of detection, especially for difficult cases, such as small objects, objects covered by textureless areas and repeated patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this series of papers, we investigate the projective framework initiated by Kijowski (1977) and Okołów (2009, 2014, 2013) [1,2] , which describes the states of a quantum theory as projective families of density matrices. A short reading guide to the series can be found in Lanéry (2016). A strategy to implement the dynamics in this formalism was presented in our first paper Lanéry and Thiemann (2017) (see also Lanéry, 2016, section 4), which we now test in two simple toy-models. The first one is a very basic linear model, meant as an illustration of the general procedure, and we will only discuss it at the classical level. In the second one, we reformulate the Schrödinger equation, treated as a classical field theory, within this projective framework, and proceed to its (non-relativistic) second quantization. We are then able to reproduce the physical content of the usual Fock quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering & Sustainable Development is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maintenance & Reliability / Eksploatacja i Niezawodność is the property of Polish Scientific & Technical Society Consumables, Polish Maintenance Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The temporal evolution of a quantum spherical spin in contact with a thermal bath is studied by solving the exact Redfield equation, in order to evaluate the effect of the frequently used Lindblad approximation. This simple model can be used as a starting point for the study of more complex open quantum systems. Significant discrepancies are observed for short times. In the equilibrium state both models give identical results, as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are an important component in electronics design. One of the difficulties being faced is to be able to accurately and cost-effectively test the continually higher performance of ADCs under budget constraints. Test time for static linearity is a major portion of the total test cost. Our group proposed an ultrafast segmented model identification of linearity error (uSMILE) algorithm for estimating linearity, which reduces test time dramatically compared to the conventional method. However, this algorithm produces large estimation errors in low resolution ADCs (10-12 bits) when the input is a ramp signal, for which the quantization noise of ADC becomes a dominant part in the total noise. In this study, we propose three types of distribution dithering methods added to the ramp input signal to reduce the estimation error when uSMILE was applied to low resolution ADCs. Fixed pattern was proved to be the most efficient and cost-effective method by comparing with the Gaussian, uniform, and fixed-pattern distributions. The simulation results indicate that the estimation error can be significantly reduced in a 12-bit SAR ADC with effective dithering. Furthermore, a hardware evaluation board with commercial ADC products was used to validate the effectiveness of the fixed-pattern dithering methods, and our measurement shows the INL estimation error can be reduced to less than 0.1 LSB. Such dithering method relaxes the input requirement of uSMILE algorithm which dramatically reduces the test setup cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently proposed exceptional field theories (EFTs) making manifest the duality E n ( n ) symmetry, first observed as nonlinearly realized symmetries of the maximal d = 3 , 4 , . . . , 9 supergravity ( n = 11 − d ) and containing 11D and type IIB supergravity as sectors, were formulated in enlarged spacetimes. In the case of E 7 ( 7 ) EFT such an enlarged spacetime can be identified with the bosonic body of the d = 4 central charge superspace Σ ( 60 | 32 ) , the N = 8 d = 4 superspace completed by 56 additional bosonic coordinates associated to central charges of the maximal d = 4 supersymmetry algebra. In this paper we show how the hypothesis on the relation of all the known E n ( n ) EFTs, including n = 8 , with supersymmetry leads to the conjecture on existence of 11D exceptional field theory living in 11D tensorial central charge superspace Σ ( 528 | 32 ) and underlying all the E n ( n ) EFTs with n = 2 , . . . , 8 , and probably the double field theory (DFT). We conjecture the possible form of the section conditions of such an 11D EFT and show that quite generic solutions of these can be generated by superparticle models the ground states of which preserve from one half to all but one supersymmetry. The properties of these superparticle models are briefly discussed. We argue that, upon quantization, their quantum states should describe free massless non-conformal higher spin fields in D = 11 . We also discuss some relevant representations of the M-theory superalgebra which, in the present context, describes supersymmetry of the 11D EFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the generation of a local oscillator (LO) signal for cellular transceivers by means of a phase-locked loop and a phase interpolator (PI) digital-to-time converter (DTC). The PI-DTC allows arbitrary frequency shifts over a wide range. We derive a closed-form description of the spurs in the spectrum of the LO signal caused by quantization and nonlinear effects for the PI-DTC. Furthermore, we show the existence of a new class of spurs generated due to noise processes in the PI. Measurement and simulation results are in good agreement with our closed-form solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive the formula of the entanglement entropy between the left and right oscillating modes of the σ -model with the de Sitter target space. To this end, we study the theory in the cosmological gauge in which the non-vanishing components of the metric on the two-dimensional base space are functions of the expansion parameter of the de Sitter space. The model is embedded in the causal north pole diamond of the Penrose diagram. We argue that the cosmological gauge is natural to the σ -model as it is compatible with the canonical quantization relations. In this gauge, we obtain a new general solution to the equations of motion in terms of time-independent oscillating modes. The constraint structure is adequate for quantization in the Gupta–Bleuler formalism. We construct the space of states as a one-parameter family of Hilbert spaces and give the Bargmann–Fock and Jordan–Schwinger representations of it. Also, we give a simple description of the physical subspace as an infinite product of D 1 2 + in the positive discreet series irreducible representations of the S U ( 1 , 1 ) group. We construct the map generated by the Hamiltonian between states at two different values of time and show how it produces the entanglement of left and right excitations. Next, we derive the formula of the entanglement entropy of the reduced density matrix for the ground state acted upon by the Hamiltonian map. Finally, we determine the asymptotic form of the entanglement entropy of a single mode bi-oscillator in the limit of large values of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Duflo map is a valuable tool for operator ordering in contexts in which the Kirillov–Kostant–Souriau bracket and its quantization play a role. It has beautiful properties on the subspace of the symmetric algebra over a Lie algebra consisting of elements invariant under the adjoint action. In the present work, we focus on its action beyond this subspace: We calculate the image of the exponential map, to obtain a certain deformation of SU(2), and we discuss and compare modifications of its action on non-invariant elements. Also, an application to the calculation of Chern–Simons theory expectation values is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the advances of distributed fusion estimation (DFE) algorithms for multi-sensor networked systems (NSs) are reviewed. First, several general DFE algorithms are reviewed. Then, some random phenomena in NSs are discussed, including data quantization, random transmission delays, packet dropouts, fading measurements and communication disturbances. Finally, the advances of DFE algorithms for NSs are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in quantum gravity have shown the Lorentzian treatment to be a fruitful approach towards the emergence of macroscopic space-times. In this paper, we discuss another related aspect of the Lorentzian treatment: we argue that collective quantum coherence may provide a simple mechanism for highlighting symmetric configurations over generic non-symmetric ones. After presenting the general framework of the mechanism, we show the phenomenon in some concrete simple examples in the randomly connected tensor network, which is tightly related to a certain model of quantum gravity, i.e., the canonical tensor model. We find large peaks at configurations invariant under Lie-group symmetries as well as a preference for charge quantization, even in the Abelian case. In future study, this simple mechanism may provide a way to analyze the emergence of macroscopic space-times with global symmetries as well as various other symmetries existing in nature, which are usually postulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chamseddine and Mukhanov showed that gravity and gauge theories could be unified in one geometric construction provided that a metricity condition is imposed on the vielbein. In this paper we are going to show that by enlarging the gauge group we are able to unify Chern-Simons gauge theory and Chern-Simons gravity in 3-D space-time. Such a unification leads to the quantization of the coefficients for both Chern-Simons terms for compact groups but not for non-compact groups. Moreover, it leads to a topological invariant quantity of the 3-dimensional space-time manifold on which they are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dirac Fermions with different helicities exist on the top and bottom surfaces of topological insulators, offering a rare opportunity to break the degeneracy protected by the no-go theorem. Through the application of Co clusters, quantum Hall plateaus were modulated for the topological insulator BiSbTeSe2, allowing an optimized surface transport. Here, using renor-malization group flow diagrams, we show the extraction of two sets of converging points in the conductivity tensor space, revealing that the top surface exhibits an anomalous quantization trajectory, while the bottom surface retains the 1/2 quantization. Co clusters are believed to induce a sizeable Zeeman gap ( > 4.8 meV) through antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, which delays the Landau level hybridization on the top surface for a moderate magnetic field. A quasi-half-integer plateau also appears at -7.2 Tesla. This allows us to study the interesting physics of parity anomaly, and paves the way for further studies simulating exotic particles in condensed matter physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed real-time systems often rely on clock synchronization. However, the achievement of precise synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is hampered by competing design challenges, which finally causes many WSN hardware platforms to rely on low frequency clock crystal for local timebase provision. Although this solution is inexpensive and with a remarkably low energy consumption, it limits the resolution at which time can be measured. The FLOPSYNC synchronization scheme was then introduced to compensate for possible quartz crystal imperfections. The main limitation of FLOPSYNC is that it does not account for the effects of quantization. In this paper we propose a switched control variant of the base FLOPSYNC scheme to address quantization explicitly in the compensator design, providing clock synchronization in cost-sensitive WSN node platforms with a minimal additional overhead. Experimental evidence is given that the approach reaches a synchronization error of at most 1 clock tick in a real WSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid analog-digital beamforming is a well-known cost-efficient signal processing method for massive MIMO systems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid beamforming massive MIMO system based on Rotman lens analog beamforming with beam selection and digital beamforming. Rotman lens is a low-cost true-time-delay analog beamforming network supporting wide bandwidth signals, which is thus more attractive than the analog beamforming networks based on conventional high-cost phase shifters. To study our system based on Rotman lens, we first examine two potential array architectures, i.e., full-array and subarray architectures, concerning the RF design feasibility, insertion loss, and system scalability. Since the beam selection is required in our system, we propose two beam selection algorithms, i.e., greedy search-based method and branch- and bound-based method, aiming to optimize the hybrid beamforming system in terms of error-rate performance for both the full-array and subarray architectures. To validate our system in practice, the proposed system is also investigated and verified experimentally. In particular, we design and fabricate a sample of Rotman lens operating in the 5-GHz band, whose measured results agrees well with the computer simulation results. The measurement results are incorporated into the Monte-Carlo simulation with the proposed beam selection algorithms to study the error-rate performance. Our simulation results show that the hybrid beamforming system using the low-cost Rotman lens has performance comparable to that of the system using the high-cost phase shifters, and exhibits wideband capability and superior performance over the small-scale MIMO system under the same number of RF transceivers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A nonlinearity calibration technique is proposed for an open-loop phase modulator (PM), for wideband phase modulation, and for multiple-output, low-jitter clock generation. The design considerations and key performance aspects of the calibration technique are discussed. The PM integrates a digital phase-locked loop, local oscillator distribution network, and digital calibration. A prototype was implemented in 0.13- \mu \textm CMOS 1.8-GHz Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) transmitter integrated circuit. Measurements on the prototype show that out-of-band quantization noise is 56 dB lower than that of the signal when transmitting 20-Mb/s GFSK signal and the rms error is only 3.2%. The power consumption of the PM is 18 mW. The measured spurious tones of the clock generation unit are below −46 dBc. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes the use of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) odd mode, also known as the parasitic slotline mode, as a design parameter. It presents a novel equivalent circuit model for the CPW cross-junction, where each CPW has two modes: the even mode, which is the conventional CPW mode also known as the coplanar mode, and the odd mode. The model is simple, intuitive, and physical-based. It can be used in different combinations including the case of slotline cross-junction. The model paves the way to design novel air-bridge free CPW applications. Among them, two are presented in this paper: CPW-to-slotline transition (balun) and Wilkinson power divider. For both applications, closed form expressions for the operating point are derived. Results are verified by EM simulations. An air-bridge free CPW power divider that combines both applications is fabricated and characterized. Simulations and measurements are in a very good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We present Euclidean wormhole solutions describing possible bridges within the multiverse. The study is carried out in the framework of third quantisation. The matter content is modelled through a scalar field which supports the existence of a whole collection of universes. The instanton solutions describe Euclidean solutions that connect baby universes with asymptotically de Sitter universes. We compute the tunnelling probability of these processes. Considering the current bounds on the energy scale of inflation and assuming that all the baby universes are nucleated with the same probability, we draw some conclusions about which universes are more likely to tunnel and therefore undergo a standard inflationary era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give a correspondence between the Berezin-Toeplitz and the complex Weyl quantizations of the torus T2. To achieve this, we use the correspondence between the Berezin-Toeplitz and the complex Weyl quantizations of the complex plane and a relation between the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization of a periodic symbol on the real phase space R2 and the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization of a symbol on the torus T2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The E ⊗ e Jahn-Teller Hamiltonian in the Bargmann-Fock representation gives rise to a system of two coupled first-order differential equations in the complex field, which may be rewritten in the Birkhoff standard form. General leapfrog recurrence relations are derived, from which the quantized solutions of these equations can be obtained. The results are compared to the analogous quantization scheme for the Rabi Hamiltonian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Into a geometric setting, we import the physical interpretation of index theorems via semi-classical analysis in topological quantum field theory. We develop a direct relationship between Fedosov's deformation quantization of a symplectic manifold X and the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) quantization of a one-dimensional sigma model with target X . This model is a quantum field theory of AKSZ type and is quantized rigorously using Costello's homotopic theory of effective renormalization. We show that Fedosov's Abelian connections on the Weyl bundle produce solutions to the effective quantum master equation. Moreover, BV integration produces a natural trace map on the deformation quantized algebra. This formulation allows us to exploit a (rigorous) localization argument in quantum field theory to deduce the algebraic index theorem via semi-classical analysis, i.e., one-loop Feynman diagram computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using non-relativistic effective Lagrangians in the particle-dimer picture, we rederive the expression for the energy shift of a loosely bound three-particle bound state of identical bosons in the unitary limit. The effective field theory formalism allows us to explicitly investigate the role of the three-particle force. Moreover, we discuss relaxing the unitary limit of infinite scattering length and demonstrate a smooth transition from the weakly bound three-particle state to a two-particle bound state of a particle and a deeply bound dimer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive filtering is currently an important tool in statistical signal processing, especially when it is necessary to process signals from environments with unknown statistics that vary over time. The adaptive filtering study was boosted with the development of the Least Mean Square algorithm (LMS) in 1960. Since then other adaptive algorithms have emerged with superior performance to the LMS algorithm in relation to mismatch and convergence rate. Among them, the algorithm Sigmoidal (SA) that presented superior to the LMS, in relation to the convergence rate and the mismatch in its implementations in infinite precision. In hardware devices, adaptive algorithms are implemented in finite precision, usually with fixed-point arithmetic. When adaptive filters are implemented in finite precision some effects may affect their performance. Ultimately, lead to divergence due to the quantization erros specified in the process of approximation of the values of the variables involved in the adaptive processing of their original values. This article proposes to demonstrate and discuss the performance of the Sigmoidal Adaptive Algorithm (SA) in finite precision, when implemented using fixed-point arithmetic comparing in different word lengths (number of bits): 8 bits, 16 bits and 32 bits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct two new SL(2, ℤ) invariant vacua of type IIB string theory which are bound states of ( p, q) strings with ( m, n) 5-branes, written as ((F, D1), (NS5, D5)) and preserve 1/4 of the full space-time supersymmetries. For the first case, the strings live inside the 5-brane world-volume and in the second case the strings are perpendicular to the 5-brane world-volume. In the first case, naively one would expect an attractive interaction between the strings and the 5-branes due to attractive force between F and D5 and also between D1 and NS5. We find that 1/4 BPS bound state exists only when the vacuum moduli satisfy certain condition which is found to be consistent with the no-force condition between the branes. No such complication arises for the second case. The tension formulae and the various other descendant states which can be obtained by the application of T-duality for both these bound states are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a face verification framework using 2D and 3D images. We first introduce a novel face descriptor based on the local statistics of the 2D and 3D images. In the proposed framework, the novel descriptor is combined with three other popular and effective local descriptors, namely, Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Local Phase Quantization (LPQ) and Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF). The multiscale variants of these four descriptors are investigated seeking better performance. To reduce the feature vector dimensionality and mitigate the class intra-variability, we use Exponential Discriminant Analysis (EDA) and Within Class Covariance Normalization (WCCN), respectively. Finally, a score level fusion scheme is adopted to combine different face descriptors and modalities. An extensive evaluation of the proposed framework is carried out on two publicly available and largely used 2D+3D face databases, namely FRGC v2.0 and CAISA 3D. Promising results that favorably compare to the state of the art are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the problem of impulsive noise cancellation in systems that use jointly overcomplete expansion representations, namely the cyclic geometrically uniform (CGU) frame and sigma-delta (SD) quantization. We first describe the existing analogy between the CGU frames and Reed–Solomn (RS) codes and how it can be exploited in order to reformulate the impulsive noise cancellation problem. As the impulsive noise does by nature represent a sparse signal, it fits the compressed sensing (CS) framework. This is why we investigate how to remodel our impulsive noise cancellation in a CGU-/SD-based system as a CS problem. Then, we study the use and limitations of some existing CS recovery techniques, namely Smoothed L0 (SL0), orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP), and Bayes-based approach (BBA). In order to overcome such limitations, we propose how to improve such techniques, and we show that their related improved versions, namely Improved SL0 (I-SL0), I-OMP and I-CoSaMP, and I-BBA efficiently, cancel the impulsive noise of CGU/SD systems and do lead to a quasi-optimal performance. Simulation results are given to support our claims. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Quantization of the bosonic string around the classical, perturbative vacuum is not consistent for spacetime dimensions 2 < d < 26 . Recently we have showed that at large d there is another so-called mean-field vacuum. Here we extend this mean-field calculation to finite d and show that the corresponding mean-field vacuum is stable under quadratic fluctuations for 2 < d < 26 . We point out the analogy with the two-dimensional O ( N ) -symmetric sigma-model, where the 1 / N -vacuum is very close to the real vacuum state even for finite N , in contrast to the perturbative vacuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present covariant quantization rules for nonsingular finite-dimensional classical theories with flat and curved configuration spaces. In the beginning, we construct a family of covariant quantizations in flat spaces and Cartesian coordinates. This family is parametrized by a function $$\omega (\theta )$$ , $$\theta \in (1,0)$$ , which describes an ambiguity of the quantization. We generalize this construction presenting covariant quantizations of theories with flat configuration spaces but already with arbitrary curvilinear coordinates. Then we construct a so-called minimal family of covariant quantizations for theories with curved configuration spaces. This family of quantizations is parametrized by the same function $$\omega (\theta ).$$ Finally, we describe a more wide family of covariant quantizations in curved spaces. This family is already parametrized by two functions, the previous one $$\omega (\theta )$$ and by an additional function $$\varTheta (x,\xi )$$ . The above mentioned minimal family is a part at $$\varTheta =1$$ of the wide family of quantizations. We study constructed quantizations in detail, proving their consistency and covariance. As a physical application, we consider a quantization of a non-relativistic particle moving in a curved space, discussing the problem of a quantum potential. Applying the covariant quantizations in flat spaces to an old problem of constructing quantum Hamiltonian in polar coordinates, we directly obtain a correct result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]