5 results
Search Results
2. The presence of bisphenol A in the thermal paper in the face of changing European regulations - A comparative global research.
- Author
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Frankowski R, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Grześkowiak T, and Sójka K
- Subjects
- Benzhydryl Compounds analysis, Europe, Japan, Phenols, Paper, Sulfones
- Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a color developer in a thermal paper that after a heating process reacts with a leuco dye and changes it to a colored form. Receipts from cash registers are considered as the main source of consumer exposure to bisphenols together with polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Levels of BPA and its possible alternatives were determined in thermal paper samples collected between May 2018 and May 2019 in 22 European and 17 non-European countries on all inhabited continents (220 samples in total, 133 of which were from Europe and 87 from other countries). These measurements were intended to check the level of BPA presence in receipts originating from different countries, especially from Europe in the light of changing regulations restricting its use. The effect of thermal printing on developer content was also analyzed, but no major changes in concentrations of bisphenols were observed during the process. Thus, printed receipts could be used for the determination of bisphenol content. Analysis of receipts from 39 countries has shown that BPA is still the most common compound used around the world with 69% samples containing this color developer. Among other tested bisphenols, BPS was used as a color developer in 20% samples, but it was noted that all samples collected from Japan and the United States of America were found to contain only BPS. Other bisphenols (F, AF, E, and B) considered as possible alternatives for BPA were detected only at trace levels or not detected at all, which showed that they were not used as color developers. The relatively large use of BPS as a BPA substitute is worrying because this compound not only has similar endocrine properties but is also poorly biodegradable. Besides, its relatively high polarity facilitates spreading in the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Paper bike enters recycling race.
- Subjects
- *
BICYCLES , *PAPER , *CYCLISTS - Abstract
Reports on the development of a lightweight bicycle frame made out of paper by Japanese researchers. Weight of the bicycle; Use of fibers made from handmade paper and epoxy resin; Thin plastic coating to encase the paper to ensure that the bike does not collapse into a soggy heap in the rain; Comparison with other ordinary bicycles; Advantages and benefits for cyclists.
- Published
- 1991
4. Organic pollutants in paper-recycling process water discharge areas: first detection and emission in aquatic environment.
- Author
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Terasaki M, Fukazawa H, Tani Y, and Makino M
- Subjects
- Chemical Fractionation, Chromatography, Gel methods, Environmental Monitoring methods, Fresh Water, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Japan, Conservation of Natural Resources, Industrial Waste analysis, Paper, Polycyclic Compounds analysis, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
In this study, eight compounds have been identified and quantified from the samples collected from paper-recycling process water discharge areas. In particular, five aryl hydrocarbons, including a novel chlorinated aryl ether, were identified for the first time as environmental pollutants. In the effluent stream, concentration levels of up to 1600 microg L(-1) and 190 microg g(-1) were detected in the surface water and surface sediment, respectively. The results of this study have raised concerns regarding the organic chemicals used in thermal paper and the environmental consequences of their release.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A comparison of heart rate during rest and work in shift workers with different work styles.
- Author
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Inoue M, Fujimura T, Morita H, Inagaki J, Kan H, and Harada N
- Subjects
- Blood Pressure physiology, Humans, Industry, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Health, Paper, Heart Rate physiology, Physical Exertion physiology, Rest physiology, Task Performance and Analysis, Work Schedule Tolerance physiology
- Abstract
To determine if the type of work performed should be considered in research on shift work and cardiovascular disease, we compared the heart rates, total number of steps walked, and blood pressures of 12 shift workers on the same rotating 3-shift schedule in a pulp and paper mill. Six workers were selected from the paper manufacturing section (group 1) and six workers from the chemical products section (group 2). Average heart rate (in beats per min) monitored during duty time was 84.3 in group 1 and 87.4 in group 2. Average heart rate during work was not significantly higher than that during rest in both groups 1 (work 85.8, rest 75.3) and 2 (work 87.9, rest 83.1). There was no significant difference in the total number of steps walked. A non-significant decrease in systolic blood pressure value was found in group 1 compared with that in group 2. Although future studies will be needed to explain the relation between different work styles and their effects on the health of shift workers, our results suggest no significant difference in heart rates among workers engaged in different kinds of work on the same shift work schedule.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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