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Purpose: Few empirical studies examined the relationship between life expectancy and income in India. This study aims to examine the impact of life expectancy on economic growth in India by incorporating all the major states of India. Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on secondary data and includes 16 major states of India covering the periods 2000–2014. The author used panel fixed effect model (FEM) to examine the impact of life expectancy on economic growth. Findings: Empirical analysis revealed a positive trend in life expectancy in India. In association with life expectancy, the author found continuous growth in the elderly population. The result of the FEM shows that gains in life expectancy positively affect economic growth in India. The empirical findings do not support any negative impact of life expectancy gains on economic growth. Originality/value: This study is the outcome of the independent and original research work of the authors and contributes significantly to the literature on the demography–economic relationship. The findings of this study help the author to understand that life expectancy gain is in no way a constraint, rather the skill and experience of the workforce are crucial to determining economic growth. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2022-0422. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use district-level data from India to study the implications of two historical institutions, direct British rule and the heterogeneous land tenure institutions implemented by the British, on the disparity in present-day development in India. Using night-lights per capita as a proxy for district-level per capita income, we find that modern districts that were historically under direct British rule had significantly fewer night-lights per capita in 1993 relative to modern districts that were historically under indirect British rule. The large gap persists even after including correlates of development such as educational attainment, health, and physical and financial infrastructure. Looking at the growth pattern from 1993 to 2013, directly ruled districts had a lower annual growth rate compared with that of indirectly ruled districts. Much of the development gap between areas under indirect rule and areas under direct rule can be accounted for by the adverse effect of landlord-based revenue-collection systems in the directly ruled areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research project investigates the correlation between economic growth, government spending, and public revenue in seventeen Indian states spanning the years 1990 to 2020. An analysis of the relationship between key fiscal policy variables and economic growth was conducted utilising a panel data approach, the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and fully modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS & DOLS) estimation. In our investigation, we assessed the impacts of non-tax revenue, development plan expenditure, tax revenue, and development non-plan expenditure on (i) the net state domestic product (NSDP) and (ii) the NSDP per capita. The findings indicate that the selected fiscal variables are significantly related. The results indicate that expeditious expansion of the fiscal sector is obligatory to stimulate economic growth in India and advance the actual development of the economies of these states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the possibility of asymmetric impact of inflation on the financial development (FD) in the case of Indian economy from 1980 to 2020. Moreover, the finance–growth hypothesis is also tested. Design/methodology/approach: The authors incorporated the "Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag" (NARDL) model due to Shin et al. (2014) to investigate the asymmetric impact of inflation on financial development. Asymmetric cumulative dynamic multipliers are also used to track the traverse of any short-run distortion towards the long-run cointegration. Findings: The results revealed that inflation impacts the financial development negatively whereas the economic growth (EG) and trade openness have a positive effect. However, the effect of inflation on financial development is not symmetric. Moreover, the findings support the demand-led growth hypothesis. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study examining the asymmetric effects of inflation on financial development in the Indian context. In addition, instead of using a single proxy to measure financial development, an index for financial development encompassing different aspects of the financial system has been incorporated. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2023-0094 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the long‐term effects of population and GDP changes requires a multisectoral and regional understanding of the coupled human‐Earth system, as the long‐term evolution of this coupled system is influenced by human decisions and the Earth system. This study investigates the impact of compounding economic and population growth uncertainties on long‐term multisectoral outcomes. We use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) to explore the influence of compounding and feedback between future GDP and population growth on four key sectors: final energy consumption, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and CO2 emissions. The results show that uncertainties in GDP and population compound, resulting in a magnification of tail risks for outcomes across sectors and regions. Compounding uncertainties significantly impact metrics such as CO2 emissions and final energy consumption, particularly at the upper tail at both global and regional levels. However, the impact of staple food prices and water withdrawal depends on regional factors. Additionally, an alternative low‐carbon transition scenario could compound uncertainties and increase tail risk, particularly in staple food prices, highlighting the influence of emergent constraints on land availability and food‐energy competition for land use. The findings underscore the importance of considering and adequately accounting for compounding uncertainties in key drivers of multisectoral systems to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of multisectoral systems. The paper provides valuable insights into the potential implications of compounding uncertainties. Plain Language Summary: Understanding how future population and economic growth changes could impact our energy, water, food, and environment requires looking across multiple sectors and regions. This is because these systems are all connected. For example, increasing population drives higher food demand but requires more energy and water to grow food. At the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy through increased biofuel consumption can compete with food production for land resources. This study explored how uncertainties in future population and GDP growth could compound and interact to affect future energy use, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and carbon dioxide emissions. Using a model that connects all these systems, the study found that combined uncertainties in population and GDP lead to more significant risks of extreme outcomes than individually looking at those uncertainties. There are substantial regional differences in future outcomes, like higher uncertainty in food prices for India and West Africa compared to other regions. We highlight the need to consider multisector and multisystem interactions between uncertainties across different regions. Accounting for these compounding uncertainties provides valuable insights into potential risks, like higher extreme projections for food prices or water use. These insights are essential for long‐term planning in our connected human‐Earth system. Key Points: Long‐term implications of population and GDP changes on the coupled human‐Earth system focusing on multisectoral and regional understandingUncertainties in GDP and population growth can compound, resulting in more extreme outcomes for multisectoral systemsCompounding uncertainties differ by region and metrics; staple food prices and water withdrawal show significant regional variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between FDIs and economic growth has been analysed in order to examine the performance of FDIs in the Indian economy. FDI Equity Inflows and GDP are used as proxy for India's foreign direct investment and economic development. In order to examine the connection between FDI and GDP between 1991-92 and 2016-17, is both short-term and long-term. In other words, the main prerequisite for sustainable economic development in the Indian economy is foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To become the fastest-growing large economy in the world, India has set a target growth rate of 9%, reaching an economy of $5 trillion by 2024-25. It is an immense challenge to meet the growth target and keep the CO2 emissions under control. The present paper aims to discover the determinants for explaining CO2 emissions in India by conducting a complete decomposition analysis, where the residuals are fully distributed to the determinants for the country from 1990-2018. The analysis reveals that the biggest contributor to the rise in CO2 emissions in India is the expansion of the economy (scale effect). The intensity of CO2 and the change in the composition of the economy, which nearly move in tandem, also contribute to the rise in CO2 emissions, although more slowly. A declining energy intensity of the Indian economy is responsible for a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions. As a typical result for an upcoming economy, this paper did not find evidence for an environmental Kuznets curve. This implies that continued economic growth will lead to increased CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1991 India embarked on far-reaching economic, financial and regulatory reforms, which led to not only a surge in economic growth, but also spurred scholarly interest in Indian firms, their strategies, and their business environment. As it has been almost three decades since the reforms were initiated, we believe that it is an appropriate time to take stock of the research on strategic management in the Indian setting. Our scoping review finds three dominant themes in extant research: impact of environment (specifically liberalization) on firms, strategies of firms, and the different ownership structures of firms. We discuss the key findings within these domains and identify the theories and methods that scholars have used to address their research questions. We assert that the unique Indian context — a mix of public and private economy operating within a democratic system — provides a rich environment for not only testing existing theories in strategic management but also generating new theories. We conclude by identifying several important areas of research and urging strategy scholars to engage with the opportunities offered by the evolving Indian business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, science, technology and innovation are gaining prominence. Research and development (R&D) is India’s main driving force for sustainable economic growth. The ‘Make in India’ (MII) initiative by the Government of India (GoI) motivates the Indian manufacturing sector with aim to make India a global centre for manufacturing via foreign investors. In this regard, India became a hub for foreign investors with a 76% rise in the foreign direct investment (FDI) equity inflow of the manufacturing sector from financial year (FY) 2020–21 (USD 12.09 billion) to FY 2021–22. One of the key objectives of MII is job creation and skill enhancement in the country. In this context, the Department of Science and Technology, GoI, continuously contributes to improving the science and technology infrastructure through several funding programmes. This note provides a brief overview of the achievements of MII and its scope in scientific R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to investigate the impact of the volatility of the external debt burden on the economic growth of India. The MS (Markov - Switching) - GARCH model is the cornerstone in studying the effects of external debt on the economic growth that is simulated herein. This article applies a MS - GARCH model that allows not only unobserved variables within an observed model but also uses a robust algorithm to reach strong optimization (convergence) through iteration in a dynamic system in the estimation procedure. This article considers the period from Q2 2004 to Q4 2022 with 74 sample observations. Considering various crises like the global financial crisis, the Euro crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred during the study period, the results identify two regimes based on conditional volatility. One is the global financial recession period (regime-1) and another is the post-global financial recession period (regime-2). The findings show that the conditional volatility as well as the variance in the volatility of economic growth due to the external debt of India is much stronger in the global financial recession period (regime-1) than in the postglobal financial recession period (regime-2). It implies that the Euro crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic are having less impact on external debts in India. The transition matrix indicates the greater probability of the economic growth rate settling down in regime 2 when it is already in regime 2, as it is considered to be a much calmer period. Finally, the results of the stable probabilities suggest that the economic growth rate of India is much more stable in regime 2 than in regime 1. This article puts forward relevant policy implications for coming out from the debt overhang scenario in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the remarkable economic growth and poverty reduction in India, the country has not witnessed a commensurate improvement in its food and nutrition indicators. The problem of food and nutrition insecurity in India is more pronounced when viewed from a regional perspective. This study constructs a State Hunger Index (SHI) for India based on data from two rounds of the National Family Health Survey and analyses the variation in SHI across states in the country in relation to accessibility, availability, and absorption of food. Our analysis revels that the majority of the Indian states had either 'alarming' or 'extremely alarming' levels of hunger in 2005-06. Even in 2015-16, only Kerala had a 'moderate' level of hunger and all other states had 'alarming' or 'serious' levels of hunger. Hunger is predominantly concentrated in BIMARU states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Among these states, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh account for one-third of the total hungry population in India. Policies to provide safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, and public distribution system for food grains have had a significant positive impact on reducing hunger in India. The study underscores that policies and programs should be devised with a regional perspective to address the challenges of food and nutrition insecurity in India and overcome the wide variation in hunger across regions of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We construct a cohort-based frailty index from age-related health deficits to investigate physiological aging in India over the period 1990-2019. During this period, the Indian states underwent at different speeds the epidemiological transition and experienced unprecedented economic growth. We show that the rate of physiological aging remained remarkably stable to the changing environment. Age-related health deficits increased by about 3 percent per year of age with little variation across states, ages, cohorts, and over time. We find that, with advancing epidemiological transition, health deficits for given age declined at the individual level (within states and within cohorts). Across cohorts born between 1900 and 1995, we show that, for given age, health deficits are higher for later-born cohorts until birth years around 1940 and remained trendless afterwards. We propose a selection-based theory of aging during the epidemiological transition that explains these facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critique of Law: Independent Legal Studies / Krytyka Prawa: Niezalezne Studia nad Prawem is the property of Akademia Leona Kozminskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to identify the impact of agriculture, forest and fishing value-added on international business, capital flow, and economic growth for India from 2000 to 2022, by examining short-term and long-term equilibrium using the Auto Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL) approach. Agriculture value added is taken as a dependent variable, and inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), stock of net FDI, economic growth and trade openness are taken as independent variables. Results indicate that there exists a long-term and short-term relationship between agriculture value added, economic growth and trade openness. Economic growth and trade openness have a statistically significant relationship with agricultural value added in the short and long run. Inward FDI and stock of FDI are not significant to agriculture value added. ARDL Bound test results indicate that there is a long-term cointegrating relation among the variables. The error correction term is also strong and significant (−13.96), suggesting resistance to shocks. Existing literatures coverage on agriculture and international business is scarce in the Indian context, and this research will be significant in that line. The results of this study resonate with the findings of a few studies conducted in other geographical areas, indicating the fact that the receptivity and absorptive capacity prevailing in an economy play a dominant role in receiving maximum benefits from inward capital flow leading to economic growth. This research reinstates that agriculture still influences economic growth in India. Openness is essential for creating a conducive atmosphere for economic development. The study also indicates the direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial inclusion is an emerging economic growth paradigm, especially in developing economies like India. It is an essential barometer for the all-encompassing growth of a country and its economy. However, there is still a debate regarding the effect of Financial Inclusion (FI) on achieving sustainable development. This study aims to determine if FI helps achieve Sustainable Development Growth (SDG) in India and if internet subscribers significantly influence the connection between FI and SDG. Secondary data from 16 states and one UT in India have been collected for 2017–2019. Therefore, the sample data is recent and covers a large country span. The data source is NITI Aayog and PMFBY ("Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bhima Yojana") reports. The findings of this research are that FI has a positively significant relationship with sustainable development goals (SDG) in India. However, when the internet subscribers are high, the FI's positive association with SDG gets reduced. PMFBY and SDG have been used for the first time, along with internet subscribers as moderators. The outcome has direct policy implications for improving the nation's financial inclusion and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have concluded that corruption hinders economic expansion by threatening the viability of the public budget and reducing the capital available for infrastructure development and social welfare. Thereby cultivating social inequality and eroding trust in the state and institutions. In recent decades, the European Union (EU) and India have experienced multiple corruption cases, including bribery, embezzlement, and abuse of power. Consequently, some EU nations and India have attempted to implement legislations and frameworks to curtail corrupt practices. The impact of adopted approaches can be witnessed in the contrasting scores and ranks of both regions on the Corruption Perception Index. Therefore, considering the distinctiveness in the efficacy of the approaches adopted by both of these regions, this paper intends to explore the efficacy and limitations of anti-corruption initiatives and frameworks implemented in the EU region and, subsequently, recommend the adoption of a similar approach which may prove to be beneficial in addressing the pressing issues of political and bureaucratic corruption in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent development in tourism is ecotourism. It is one of the tourism industry's fastest-growing subsectors. Ecotourism refers to any type of tourism that is focused on nature, has a little impact on the environment, includes locals in its planning and execution, and emphasises the importance of educating visitors. Ecotourism is distinct from other types of tourism because it is reliant on the maintenance of natural ecosystems so that they, and the cultural values they represent, can be experienced and appreciated by visitors. Many nations have come to rely on ecotourism as a major source of revenue. Ecotourism's ability to foster both economic growth and environmental protection in poor nations is exciting. This article will highlight the vast potential of Ecotourism in India by examining a few of the country's most popular Eco-tourism destinations. The present study also explores the emergence of ecotourism as an economic reader and the use of ecotourism as a tool for balancing environmental issues and sustainable development. This paper also includes a discussion of the government's efforts to promote ecotourism as a means of addressing modern environmental problems, as well as the results of a few studies of India's most popular ecotourism destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In changing context of the present-day world, trade openness has a crucial role to play in economic development of different countries. Besides other factors, institutional quality plays a vibrant role in achieving a high growth rate. The objective of the present study is to understand how institutional quality influences economic growth and trade openness in India. To achieve the objectives of the study, Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing approach has been used. The findings show that there exists long-run relationship between the variables used in this study. From the findings, it can be concluded that total trade has a negative impact, whereas export enhances economic growth in the country. The results also show that improvement in institutional quality has a positive impact on economic growth. Thus the findings suggest that the country needs to adopt policies that can improve the quality of institutions and can enhance the formation of physical and human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between electricity and growth of the economy is investigated by applying the newly-developed bootstrap autoregressive-distributed lag test with a Fourier function to examine both the causality and cointegration for China, India, and the United States (US). While it is not possible to detect a long-term cointegration relation among the economy's electricity and growth, the study findings demonstrate the contingency of the causality. The ensemble method in machine learning performs better than conventional methods as electricity is an independent indicator for forecast economics. Concerning the US, previous electricity consumption has a positive impact on the current nature of economic growth. In contrast, the consumption of electricity is negatively affected by the development of the economy. However, for China and India, positive and negative feedback can be observed, respectively. Due to the increased awareness of the environment's adverse effects, China should promote technologies that conserve energy and boost energy efficiency to achieve sustainable development in both environmental and economic terms. In India's context, broadening access to electricity has significance for residents in rural areas and enhances economic growth. It is recommended that policy-makers promote innovative technologies in the US, as the abundant natural and human resources can make valuable contributions to the society and development of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green growth plays a vital role in ensuring sustainable development. Managing economic growth without disrupting the environment is considered the need of the present time. Therefore, the empirics have turned their attention toward finding the determinants of green growth. Hence, we aim to investigate the impact of income inequality on green growth in BRICS economies from 1993 to 2020. Findings of the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model confirm that the long-run estimate attached to GINI is negatively significant, implying that higher inequality in the BRICS economies lowers the rate of green growth. The country-wise results highlighted the negative impact of GINI on green growth in India and China only and insignificant in other countries. In the short run, the estimates are inconclusive and mixed, be it group-wise or individual estimates. Our findings imply that the target of lower inequality and environmental sustainability can be achieved simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has faced the impossible trinity challenge after it opened up its capital account post‐1990s reforms. Accordingly, simultaneous achievement of three macroeconomic objectives, namely exchange Rate Stability, capital openness and monetary independence, is an impossible task and any combination of two objectives can be achieved by losing the third one. This attempt, therefore, validates the existence of impossible trinity in India and investigates its impact on the stability of both, economic growth and prices. The sign‐restricted vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology has been used to confirm the existence of impossible trinity and to identify the best trilemma policy combination for the Indian economy in order to achieve stable output growth with steady prices. A trinity combination of "capital openness" and "exchange rate stability" is found to be the best in achieving stability of macroeconomic indicators under evaluation. Furthermore, the absence of trinity in India is inferred to ensure macroeconomic stability. However, maintaining its absence for a substantial period is noticed to be a near‐impossible task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews and assesses India's energy policy in the context of its commitment to achieve the target of net-zero carbon emissions by 2070. It emphasizes the central role of green electrification, particularly through the expansion of solar power capacity. It discusses policies outside the energy sector that need to be part of a strategy of achieving this target, including the use of information technology, infrastructure development, and transportation. Furthermore, it examines possible policy options for accelerating the target date to 2050, especially with the use of carbon capture to manage the transition from the current heavy use of coal. The paper also discusses the possible financial and growth implications of various strategy options, arguing that feasible external financing commitments can allow India to achieve net-zero goals without sacrificing economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study undertakes a sector-by-sector account of economic growth, historically since the inception of economic planning, and analyses the spatiotemporal patterns of both rural and urban poverty in India. The services sector bypassed the successful completion of industrialization and prematurely emerged as the dominant driver and key lever of economic growth. The supremacy of services sector strengthened the resilience of the economy to the exogenous shocks of weather aberrations affecting agriculture. The regional disparities have tended to increase over time. The study finds support for unconditional divergence, rather than convergence, in the level of per capita real income across states. The cross-sectional and panel data models estimated for a comprehensive set of 24 states—separately for the rural, urban, and combined rural–urban sectors—provide strong support to the poverty-reducing effects of economic growth. The income-elasticity of poverty hovers around − 2 for the number of persons living below the poverty line. The gains of economic growth are distributed unevenly across states and shared asymmetrically between rural and urban sectors. The economy witnessed a mixed picture of decline in rural–urban poverty, rise in regional disparities, and surge in income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines India's minor industries. This paper's main argument emphasizes the value of small businesses and their contribution to the economy. Despite their significance, tiny businesses pollute and deal with a variety of issues, both significant and petty. Technical and financial concerns can be solved internally, but external issues like adherence to laws and regulations need to be effectively managed. This essay aims to provide some light on the environmental performance of small manufacturing sectors. Focusing on "a sustainable vision," or a trade-off between economic growth, profitability, and a sustainable environment, an attempt is made to address some measures that can improve environmental quality within these tiny enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the Granger causal relationship between the consumption of power both at the aggregate and sectoral level and economic growth in India using the frequency domain approach, which would help policy makers seek the efficient allocation of electricity via proper policy initiatives at different frequencies. We find that at the aggregate level, unidirectional causality runs from the total power consumption to economic growth, starting from the second up to the seventh quarter. In the sectoral context, the results are different. Since there is no causality between industrial power consumption and economic growth; therefore, an energy conservation policy can thus be implemented for the industrial sector. Moreover, since a bidirectional causality exists after 15 quarters for the commercial sector, a short-term policy but not an energy conservation policy could also be initiated for this sector. In the industrial and agricultural sectors, a promotional policy should be initiated because a unidirectional causality exists from sectoral power consumption to economic growth. Therefore, different and sector-specific policies would be more appropriate than a single policy for all power sectors in India in order to orient the efficient utilisation of power towards better economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This paper aims to examine the convergence in per-capita income (measured as per-capita net state domestic product) of regions in India during the period 1990–1991 to 2017–2018. Two separate analyses have also been done for the sub-periods, i.e., 1990–1991 to 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 to 2017–2018, to find out the effect of the second phase of economic liberalization in India. Design/methodology/approach: In a panel data study, the estimation of absolute and conditional beta (β)-convergence and sigma (σ)-convergence across 17 Indian regions have been done. To measure the dispersion of per-capita income across the regions in India, the standard deviation of logs, Gini coefficient, Mehran measure, Piesch measure, Kakwani measure and Theil index have been estimated. In addition to this, these indices have been regressed over time. Findings: This study finds the presence of absolute and conditional β-convergence; the regions with low initial per-capita income have grown faster than the regions with high initial per-capita income. Further, this study finds that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and the availability of power enhance growth across regions. However, this study finds the presence of σ-divergence, which indicates that the economic inequality among the regions in India has widened over the periods, calling for policy interventions to promote growth in the backward regions through the promotion of FDI inflow and the availability of power. Originality/value: This study highlights the rising economic inequality among the regions in India by analyzing the latest available data through appropriate econometric techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very essence of this paper lies in two core concepts, which are Inclusive Tax Policies (policies) and Sustainable Development (SD), and the intricacies involved in it. It is possible to achieve an inclusive growth, which is an economic growth in which the growth benefits are distributed more fairly and the wealth distribution is also more equal. So, a well-thought-out tax policy is a must for the economy to grow and for the government to spend money in a way that is long-term. Consequently, such policies should balance efficiency and equity considerations. It's also important to keep in mind that SD is a goal-oriented process that needs to balance competing interests, such as the need to solve our problems against the constraints we face as a society and not compromise our development objectives. In this context, a connectivity between the 2 is an unavoidable counterpoint, given that a sound tax policy developed by any country is at the heart of mobilizing their own resources to accomplish SD.In light of above, the paper shall seek to address the issues pertaining to normative underpinnings of sustainable development in contemporary era and envisaging vital role of taxes in directing/redirecting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Since there are so many different kinds of policies out there, this paper is broken up into four parts. The first part will talk about where these policies come from, as well as the kinds of challenges they face because of the SDGs. Afterward, there will be a lot of ideas for how to make these policies work better with the SDGs. In order to help India's position, this part will also look at the recent discussion from its point of view. The third and last part of the paper would try to show how things are today and think about the research questions that were raised in the first two parts. This simple structure tries to make people think that a healthy economy needs to be inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic growth, trade openness and manufacturing on CO2 emissions in India. Design/methodology/approach -- The study employed autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds test approach and uses CO2 emissions, trade, manufacturing and GDP per capita to examine the relationship using an annual time series data from World Development Indicators during 1971 to 2016. Findings -- Results depict that there exists a long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and other variables. Trade openness significantly reduces CO2 emissions, whereas manufacturing and GDP have a significant and positive impact on CO2 in the long run. Research limitations/implications -- The findings of the study contribute to the body of knowledge by providing new evidence on the relationship between developmental metrics and the environment. These findings are critical for policymakers and regulatory bodies to focus on economic development without jeopardizing environmental degradation. Practical implications -- In order to keep its commitment to sustainability, India needs to develop policies that encourage cleaner production methods and establishment of non-polluting industries. Simultaneously, it must disincentivize industries that emit CO2 by policy frameworks such as carbon taxes, pollution taxes or green taxes. Originality/value -- None of studies examine at how these environmental factors interact in India. Kilavuz and Dogan (2020) used the same variables, but their scope was limited to Turkey. As a result, the study is the first to examine this relationship for India, contributing to the body of knowledge on economic growth, manufacturing, trade openness and environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1991 Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) has been continuously contributing towards the economic development of Indian economy. On the basis of various literature review it can be said that foreign direct investment contributes positively towards growth domestic product(GDP) growth and employment generation in the developing countries like India. Therefore, the present study is conducted to analyse the role of the foreign direct investment on the economic growth of India for the sample period 1992 to 2019. In the study the economic growth is represented by the variables like gross domestic product(GDP) and employment generation in Indian for the time period 1992-2019. For the study various econometric tools like Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF) unit root test, Granger Causality test, Ordenary Least Square(OLS) regression method, Johansen Cointegration test and Error Correction test are applied. The ADF unit root test reflects that all three variables i.e GDP, FDP, and employment are stationary at 1st difference I(1). The result of Granger causality test between Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product shows unidirectional causality from economic growth to foreign direct investment in India. But The Granger Causality test shows no casual relationship between foreign direct investment and employment generation. The OLS regression analysis shows a positive relationship between FDI and GDP in India with R square value 0.886177. But the relationship between FDI and number of employment generation is not significant as it has the P value 0.3559. Johansen Cointrgration Test shows a long run positive relation among GDP, FDI and employment generation as both trace statistic and eigen value statistic reject the null hypothesis at 5% level of significance. The result of Error Correction Model(ECM) shows that the speed of adjustment among the variables toward long run is 25.5 percent per year. As FDI has positive impact on the economic growth in India so the government of India should take various policies to attract the foreign investors to India and Increase the FDI inflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth is crucial for any country as an indicator of development. However, a sustainable growth warrants development in a sustainable manner and required to register all round development that provide economic security to the marginalized and maintain environment sustainability. After a challenging implementation of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), United Nations has called for implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the same has commenced since 2015 and the various targets are to be achieved by 2030. The objective of the paper is to assess the significance of SDGs and assess the progress of implementation in India. Gender equality is one development agenda that the policy makers have been debating in India and the paper looks into the status of implementation. The methodology of the paper is to review the progress made in the implementation of SDGs in India. Existing literature on SDGs and Gender Equality would be reviewed to gather deeper understanding of the subject. The paper is expected to help policy makers, practitioners and civil society in understanding the significance of ensuring gender equality and advocate for better policies and programs to correct the imbalance in gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definitely we know that now the economic growth is in peril position & our GDP is going negative which is now 23.67%. Economic development is an pushup of the capacity of any economy to produce goods & services. This exploratory research is primary data-based research & mainly has been done to determine problematic factors in Textile Industry & consequences of decrease in export of textile products inreference to economic development retention in Haryana (India). These Data has been collected mainly with the help of the designed questionnaire & done from various established Textile Industry of Haryana (India). Main exploratory Factor analysis is applied for data analysis by IBM SPSS 20 to ascertain the determinants of economic development & textile industry. The study identified three factors alike Financial aspects, Marketing aspects, administrative aspects which significantly influence economic development in India. Result of this study has huge significance in today's highly competitive Textile Industry. Hence, textile industry should improve their services & production quality offered by them to enhance Economy growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does economic development have an unavoidable ecological cost? We examine the impacts on forest cover of one of India's signature place‐based economic policies involving massive tax benefits for new industrial and infrastructure development following the creation of the new state of Uttarakhand. Using a spatial difference‐in‐discontinuities design, we show that the policy, which explicitly excluded environmentally damaging industries, resulted in no meaningful change in local forest cover. Our results suggest that even in settings with low levels of enforcement, place‐based economic policies that deliver transformative economic expansion can be implemented with minimal ecological costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rising concern towards climate change, developing countries are moving towards Renewable Energy sources. By promoting the use of renewable energy, we can enhance the sustainable environment for livelihood and assist in economic growth. This paper focuses on the role of renewable energy in the economic growth of India. It focuses on the government policy framework for renewable energy development and its reflections on the increase in the economic growth of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of slums always questions the process of inclusive urbanisation in developing countries. Given this perspective, the study aims to see the changing pattern of urbanisation in India comparing the level, concentration and growth of slum and urban populations over time. Furthermore, it intends to see the relationships of different economic indicators with the level and concentration of urban and slum population in order to determine the inclusiveness of Indian cities. The study incorporated descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using Indian state-level data on urban and slum population and different economic indicators for 2001 and 2011. The study finds an increasing level of slum population compared to the urban population in most Indian states, while shifting the concentration of slum population from high-income to newly growing states. We also evidence the positive impact of economic inequality on the expansion of slum population. The study concludes that the process of economic growth with exclusionary urbanisation generates urban inequality, which helps to persist the slums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this study is to investigate the impact of economic growth rate on financial performance of Indian companies. Secondary data of 15 years from 2004 to 2018 has been collected of various large capital companies of India listed in stock exchange. In this study in regard to financial performance, NPR, CR, DE, ROCE and ROA and the data of GDP growth (%) in regard to economic growth. Panel regression method has been used with the help of Eviews to check the impact of economic growth rate on financial performance of Indian companies. Results of the study indicates economic growth rate have positive and significant impact on financial performance of large capital companies of India. Indicators of financial performance, ROA, DE, CR, ROCE and NPR positively and significantly determined economic growth (GDP). Growth of Indian economy can be increased by improving financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of the research is to address the question 'Matters of agriculture for economic growth?' In order to do this, over the period 1961 to 2016, we have to examine the connection between farming production and economic growth in India. In this research, the methods of vector error correction and co-integration are utilised to analyse the connection between farm production and economic growth. The Johnson test results show that the balance between agricultural production and economic development in India is long-lasting. The vector error correction test shows that University causalities extend over the long term, from economic growth to farming. This implies economic growth leads to farming, but agricultural production does not, in the long term, contribute to economic growth. But in the near term, there is a bidirectional causation between agricultural and economic growth. In the short term, economic growth leads to farming and production leads to economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of agriculture has led to a significant increase in energy utilization and CO2 emissions. Agriculture performs a pivotal role in improving every country's economy. The current study has the main objective to analyses the long-run impact of agricultural CO2 discharge on economic growth, energy consumption (electricity utilization in the agriculture sector), financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and population for India. For the period 1978–2018, we applied ADF, PP, ERS, and KPSS unit root and Z&A and CMR structural interval tests to evaluate the stability and breaks in the data set. We check the cointegration of study variables through ARDL, Engle–Granger, and Johansen's cointegration approaches. The findings of the long-run analysis showed a cointegration among the variables, which reveals that an escalation in economic growth and financial development refine the natural environment, while the upsurge in FDI and population further deteriorate the climate in India. However, agricultural sector electricity use shows an insignificant association with CO2 emissions for both periods. On the basis of results, we recommend that legislators should offer an environment that provides opportunities for financial development and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its fast rise on the world stage and rapid economic growth, there has been a dramatic increase in wealth inequality in India in recent years. Nonetheless, the issue of wealth inequality and wealth distribution in India has been relatively less explored. In this context, we use an extension of Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method based on the recentered influence function (RIF) proposed by Firpo et al. (Econometrics 6(2):28, https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6020028, 2018) to analyze the role of household characteristics such as location, household's composition by age, social groups, as well as education or employment on various wealth distributional measures during the period 1991–2012. We examine the effect of changing distribution of different household characteristics on wealth at various distributional measures (like ventile, Gini index, and variance). In our analysis, we observe the effect of household characteristics on wealth at different ventiles. Using counterfactual distribution analysis, we decomposed the inter-period difference in inequality into characteristics (explained) and coefficients (unexplained) effects. We then decompose changes in wealth at each ventile, Gini index, the variance of log of wealth, 90–10 percentile wealth gap, 50–10 wealth gap, and 90–50 wealth gap during 1991–2002 and 2002–2012 to see the composition effect and wealth structure effect. The composition effect shows the effect of change in the considered household characteristics, whereas the wealth structure effect shows the effect of change in returns to these characteristics. We noticed that during 1991–2002, wealth at lower quantile has decreased whereas it has increased for other quantiles, whereas during 2002–2012, we observe that wealth increase is highest at lower quantiles and is positive for all ventiles. In the case of inequality measures, we observe that all inequality measures have increased during 1991–2002, whereas during 2002–2012, only Gini and 90–50 gap has increased while other measures have decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a well-established literature that finds a strong causal association between remittance flows and economic growth and poverty. Owing to the poverty-alleviating and income-generating effects of remittances, it may theoretically reduce crime by increasing the opportunity cost of committing crime. This paper studies the effects of remittance receipts on crime outcomes in India. The identification strategy, exploits the variation in rainfall as an instrument for remittance receipts. The results suggest that remittance receipts have a negative effect on violent crimes and a positive effect on nonviolent crimes. Since remittance flows mean that more economic resources are available, remittances provide an incentive for certain crimes that thrive in the presence of economic resources. Therefore, an important implication of this result is that as remittance receipts increase income and welfare, there is a diverse effect on the costs and benefits of different types of crimes. It may result in unfavorable outcomes in the form of increases in certain nonviolent crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There is limited scholarship on wastewater paradigms. • India's wastewater paradigms have changed from 'water resource to meet basic human needs' to 'water scarcity and beautification of cities'. • In the Netherlands, the wastewater paradigms have shifted from 'public health and environmental concerns' to the 'circular economy of wastewater'. • Indian wastewater policy domain are yet to design appropriate financial and technical instruments to improve urban wastewater treatment capacity and reuse. Freshwater scarcity has increased in the cities of the global South due to rapid urban agglomeration and changing climate. Alternative water resources such as treated wastewater can play a significant role to reduce the water supply-demand gap. In the recent past, wastewater has been used solely for irrigation and other allied agriculture purposes, with limited focus on reuse for other purposes within the cities. Despite the progress in wastewater treatment technology and various policy frameworks, in low income and lower-middle-income countries, limited progress has been made. Through this article, we compare three aspects, representing the wastewater paradigms in India and the Netherlands. The three elements are 1) framing, 2) policy goals, and 3) technical and financial instruments. Using policy document analysis and interviews, we compare water and related policies prepared in India and the Netherlands. We found that the wastewater paradigms have evolved in the two countries. In India, the wastewater paradigms have realized paradigm changes from 'water resource to meet a basic human need' to 'water as an engine of economic growth' and then to 'water scarcity and beautification of cities'. In the case of the Netherlands, the wastewater paradigms have changed from an emphasis on 'public health and environmental concerns' to the 'circular economy of wastewater'. Although the Netherlands has to still meet the water quality targets of the European Water Directive Framework with regards to micropollutants, the country has made significant progress towards wastewater treatment and reuse in the last four decades. On the contrary, the Indian wastewater policy domain has room for improvement in terms of designing appropriate financial instruments and governance strategies to increase the urban wastewater treatment capacity and reuse. This article concludes that the use of the concept of wastewater paradigm is useful to show the progress and challenges in the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood disaster is a recurrent phenomenon in India. The geo-climatic conditions are a major cause for higher flood damages in Indian states. This study employs the pooled mean group (PMG) approach to examine economic growth in the aftermath of floods in 14 non-special category states in India using flood disaster data over the period 1981–2011. The PMG estimates show that flood impacts in terms of area affected, the population affected, and economic losses due to floods decline real per capita GSDP growth in the long run after taking into account growth-enhancing factors. Moreover, instrumental variables (IV)-two-stage least-squares (2SLS) estimates also confirm that states experience lower real per capita GSDP growth due to higher flood impacts. The results, further, show that higher urbanization and enrollment of higher education increases real per capita GSDP growth in the long run. For robustness check, the study investigates the impact of floods on real per capita GSDP growth after taking into account government capital expenditure and per capita power consumption. The PMG and IV-2SLS estimates produce same results and confirm that flood impacts reduce real per capita GSDP growth, while government capital expenditure and per capita power consumption enhances real per capita GSDP growth. Overall, results confirm that flood management policies are essential to minimize the adverse impacts of floods on the growth of real per capita GSDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a well-established literature that finds a strong causal association between remittance flows and economic growth and poverty. Owing to the poverty-alleviating and income-generating effects of remittances, it may theoretically reduce crime by increasing the opportunity cost of committing crime. This paper studies the effects of remittance receipts on crime outcomes in India. The identification strategy, exploits the variation in rainfall as an instrument for remittance receipts. The results suggest that remittance receipts have a negative effect on violent crimes and a positive effect on nonviolent crimes. Since remittance flows mean that more economic resources are available, remittances provide an incentive for certain crimes that thrive in the presence of economic resources. Therefore, an important implication of this result is that as remittance receipts increase income and welfare, there is a diverse effect on the costs and benefits of different types of crimes. It may result in unfavorable outcomes in the form of increases in certain nonviolent crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization has gained momentum in recent years in all sphere of life around the globe. It has become an important factor of defining modernization, and instrumental in speeding up economic growth by ensuring more transparency. After demonetization and emphasis on cashless transaction, digitalized mode of payment is being prioritized. Accord- ingly, government of India launched several schemes focusing on imparting training on digital literacy, but research shows that a section of population is still not adopting this digitaliza- tion process. This study tries to find the factors responsible for excluding a section of the people, especially the people of rural and semi urban area from this digitalized system. Ac- cordingly, a survey was conducted with the bamboo craft man of Raipur cluster of Barpeta District of Assam, India, who is involved in small enterprises involving bamboo crafting. Direct interaction was being done with the respondents regarding the various problems and inconvenience faced in adapting the new system. A logit regression model has been used to highlight the impact of various socio-economics factors, level of awareness about the new system of digitalization on their adaptability to the digitalized mode of payment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth and human development are generally based on the assumption of corresponding increase in per capita energy use. The Economic Survey 2018-19 published by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, has recommended a fourfold increase in the country per capita primary energy use from the current level to achieve the human development index (HDI) target of 0.8. The supply and environmental challenges for achieving such a high level of per capita primary energy use are formidable, if not insurmountable. Development experience of Sri Lanka, and Kerala suggests that high level of human development is possible even at lower per capita energy use, if complemented by adequate public investment in health and education. With a per capita electricity use of 1500 kWh by 2030 and 2500 kWh by 2050, India can achieve significant improvement in human development from the present level without imposing a large energy footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern era, human resource is a crucial factor for economic development. Several studies reveal that rapid economic growth of developed countries has been linked with investment in human capital. Efficient and proper management of the workforce is an important factor in development of a country. The importance of human capital formation is now fully recognized because healthy and skilled people, along with physical capital, help in capital formation and raising economic growth. Therefore, large scale investment in human capital is required for the full and optimum use of natural resources. Improvement in the health of masses increases their productive capacity and leads to quantitative improvement in human capital. This paper examines the role of health facilities in human capital formation as well as in economic development. The current study analyzes the trends of current health expenditure as percent of GDP in India and China. An effort has been made to compare the impact of health expenditure on value added per worker in agriculture and its allied sectors in India and China by employing multiple regression model using data from 2000 to 2017. Findings reveal that independent variable (current health expenditure) explains the variation in dependent variable (value added per worker) to an extent of 37.9% and 56.9% in India and China, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]