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China remains the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world. The latest coal resource assessment, which has a formal name of "National Potential Assessment of Coal Resources in China", was led by the Ministry of Land and Resources and conducted by the China National Administration of Coal Geology in collaboration with China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) in 2007-2012. With the rapid development of coal geological exploration in China, coal remote sensing technology has evolved from a coal geology-based survey to a comprehensive survey that factors in resources, environment, ecology, and so on. [Extracted from the article]

The study presents geologic investigation of Yemen and the Gulf of Aden with a special focus on geophysical, seismic, tectonic and topographic mapping performed by the integrated approach of QGIS and GMT scripting. Cartographic visualization is crucial in geologic analysis, data processing and prognosis of mineral resource prospects. The region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden was formed as a result of Arabian and African plates movements and still tectonically active. Besides, the Gulf of Aden contains mineral resources of hydrocarbons which makes this region actual for investigation. The IRIS database on earthquakes was used for visualization of the magnitude of submarine earthquakes in the Gulf of Aden for the period of 2007-2020. The paper presents 6 new thematic maps for the region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden. The research presented an analysis of correlation between the geological, topographic and geophysical settings. Through combined approach of cartographic high-resolution data visualization and geologic analysis, this paper contributed to the regional geological studies of Yemen, Gulf of Aden and the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the rock mass deformation resulting from mining in the vicinity of the shaft protection pillar. A methodology of deformation prediction is based on a deterministic method using Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM solution is based on the knowledge of the geomechanical properties of the various geological formations, tectonic faults, types of mining systems, and the complexity of the behaviour of the rock mass. The analysis gave the stress and displacement fields in the rock mass. Results of the analysis will allow for design of an optimal mining system. The analysis is illustrated by an example of the shaft R-VIII Rudna Mine KGHM Polish Copper SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theodor Posewitz (1850–1917), a Hungarian medical doctor and geologist, spent five years in the Dutch East Indies between 1880 and 1885, serving the colonial Dutch army. He spent time on Java, Borneo, Bangka and Billiton islands. He dedicated his spare time to geological exploration. About eighty of his geological studies appeared in geological and geographical journals. His chief work, the first monograph on the geology of Borneo, including geological and mineral resources maps, was published in German in 1889 and in English in 1892. Early years of his studies and the results of his five-year stay in Asia are discussed, based on archival records. The background for the book, Borneo, and its significance for contemporary and modern science is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to analyze the impact of compound breakage of key strata on overlying strata movement and strata pressure behavior during the fully mechanized caving mining in shallow and extremely thick seams, this paper took the 1322 fully mechanized caving face in Jindi Coal Mine in Xing County as the engineering background. Under the special mining and geological condition mentioned above, UDEC numerical simulation software was applied to research the engineering problems, and results of numerical simulation were verified through the in-site measurement. The research results showed that during the fully mechanized caving mining in shallow and extremely thick seams, the inferior key strata affected by mining movement behaved in the mode of sliding instability and could not form the stable structure of the voussoir beam after breaking and caving. In addition, the main key strata behaved in the mode of rotary instability, and the caving rocks behind the goaf were gradually compacted because of the periodic instability of the main key strata. With the continuous advance of the working face, the abutment pressure of the working face was affected by the compound breakage and periodic instability of both the inferior key strata and the main key strata, and the peaks of the abutment pressure presented small-big-small-big periodical change characteristics. Meanwhile, the risk of rib spalling ahead of the working face presented different levels of acute or slowing trends. The actual measurement results of ground pressure in the working face showed that, in the working process, the first weighting interval of the inferior key strata was about 51 m and its average periodic weighting interval was about 12.6 m, both of which were basically consistent with the results of numerical simulation. The research has great significance in providing theoretical guidance and practical experience for predicting and controlling the ground pressure under the similar mining and geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geologija (0016-7789) is the property of Geological Survey of Slovenia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to present the usability of UAVs for the creation of large-scale photogrammetric documentation of geological rock outcrops, including their inaccessible parts. Currently manufactured low-cost UAV carriers are an interesting and progressive solution in terms of the processing cost for documentation of geological phenomena. Their main shortcomings are compact digital cameras used due their low weight with respect to the capacity of these UAVs. In our research, we aimed to verify the usability of digital photogrammetry with UAV for geological documentation of rock outcrop. This issue is addressed in several papers (Fritz et al., 2013; Niranjan et al., 2007) and produces interesting results. Our aim was to test a mass-produced, low-cost UAV model to create photogrammetric documentation of the surface quarry Lehôtka pod Brehmi. In this quarry, there is a large artificial rock outcrop, which was formed by mining activities. This outcrop is interesting in terms of the amount of information about the geological structure of the deposit, which can be observed in one place. A large part of the outcrop is inaccessible due to the total height of the outcrop, which is about 75 m. The entire outcrop has been photogrammetrically imaged using UAV. The integrated photo profile was created in the software environment Agisoft PhotoScan. For the purpose of visualization, a 3D model of the whole outcrop was also created. Obtained data will then serve as a basis for the model of the geological structure of deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral deposit mapping is very essential for sustainable and eco-friendly exploitation of natural resources. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has abundant natural resources such as natural gas, oil and minerals. It reserves high quantity of minerals such as phosphates, bauxites, copper, gold and other industrial minerals. The red soil regions located in Hail and Qassim provinces of Saudi Arabia have rich amount of bauxite (major aluminum ore) deposits. In order to initiate the focus on mapping of mineral deposits along this area, standardized hyper-spectral analysis has been carried out by using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data. The spectral signature of gibbsite (major element in bauxite) samples is analyzed with reference to the spectral features of gibbsite in the visible near infrared and short-wave infrared bands electromagnetic spectrum. Advanced hyper-spectral transformations such as minimum noise fraction function and pixel purity index have been performed to identify the target end-member. The existence of the mineral is confirmed by comparing the spectral signatures of the end-member with the predefined spectral plots of ASTER and United States Geological Survey spectral libraries. Finally, the end-members are mapped and their abundance is estimated in 0-1 scale. The study has opened up new areas for mapping of bauxite deposits in the area and leads to eco-friendly exploitation of natural resources. It also validates the high potential of ASTER multispectral satellite data for the exploration and mapping of mineral resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we show that geo-anomalies can be delineated for mineral deposit prediction according to singularity theories developed to characterize nonlinear mineralization processes. Associating singularity and geo-anomalies makes it possible to quantitatively study geo-anomalies with modern nonlinear theories and methods. This paper introduces a newly developed singularity analysis of nonlinear mineralization processes and nonlinear methods for characterizing and mapping geo-anomalies for mineral deposit prediction. Mineral deposits, as the products of singular mineralization processes caused by geo-anomalies, can be characterized by means of fractal or multifractal models. It has been shown that singularity can characterize the degree of geo-abnormality, and this has been demonstrated to be useful for mapping anomalies of undiscovered mineral deposits. The study of mineralization and mineral deposits from a nonlinear process point of view is a new but promising research direction. This study emphasizes the relationships between geo-anomalies and singularity, including singular processes resulting in singularity and geo-anomalies, the characterization of singularity and geo-anomalies and the identification of geo-anomalies for mineral deposit prediction. The concepts and methods are demonstrated using a case study of Sn mineral deposit prediction in the Gejiu mineral district in Yunnan, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the second half of the 19th century, new methods for quarrying and processing natural stone were developed. In the Nordic countries Sweden, Norway, and Finland, this technological progress went hand in hand with a systematic geological mapping and large-scale exploitation of natural stone deposits. As a result, new constructions were developed, changing the building practice in these countries. With the end of historicism, a new architecture arose that, particularly in Norway and Finland, acquired a national-romantic character. This paper examines the interaction between geological exploration, commercial development, technical inventions, and the development of national-romantic architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geophysical methods of rock mass survey are one of the most effective ways of solving various problems in mining and are widely used in mining, gas and oil industries, as well as in science. They allow carrying out prospecting and evaluation works remotely, to reveal structural heterogeneities, cavities, contact zones of different media in rock mass with rather high accuracy. At the stage of designing a mining enterprise and making major decisions, it is necessary to have reliable information about the tectonic structure of the undermined and adjacent massif and parameters of its geodynamic activity. For this purpose, special studies of the tectonic structure of the rock massif must be carried out and the parameters of modern geodynamic movements must be determined. The most complete information about tectonic disturbances, identification of gliding surfaces, zones of macrofracturing are provided by geophysical methods of rock mass survey.In the article analysis of study of structural-tectonic structure of ore areas, separation and specification of ore-controlling structures, detection and depth mapping of ore-controlling faults, volume mapping of intrusive massifs based on previously conducted geophysical research in Zhezkazgan syncline area carried out. Geological and geophysical conditions of the central ore field (presence of rich bodies with high electric conductivity, considerable thicknesses of ore bodies, etc.) were favorable for application of various geophysical methods to search and trace rich ore bodies occurring at low depths.Moreover, possibilities of application of seismic works are considered at the solution of problems of ore geology in difficult mining-geological conditions of Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A blanket of sedimentary and regolith material covers approximately three-quarters of the Australian continent, obscuring the crustal geology below and potential mineral resources within. Sedimentary basins also trap seismic energy increasing seismic hazard and generating noisy seismograms that make determining deeper crustal and lithospheric structure more challenging. The most fundamental question that can first be asked in addressing these challenges is how thick are the sediments? Borehole drilling and active seismic experiments using a controlled seismic source (e.g. vibroseis) provide excellent constraints, but they are limited in geographical coverage due to their expense, especially when operating in remote areas. On the other hand, passive-seismic experiments that involve the deployment of seismic receivers only (i.e. seismometers) are relatively low-cost and portable, providing a practical alternative for initial surveys. Here we utilize receiver functions obtained for both temporary and permanent seismic stations in South Australia, covering regions with a diverse sediment distribution. We present a straightforward method to determine the basement depth based on the arrival time of the P -converted-to- S phase generated at the boundary between the crustal basement and sedimentary strata above. Utilizing the available borehole data, we establish a simple predictive relationship between Ps arrival time and the basement depth, which could then be applied to other sedimentary basins with some consideration. The method is found to work best for Phanerozoic sediments and offers a way to determine the sediment–basement interface in unexplored areas requiring only temporary seismic stations deployed for < 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A roof fall hazard is still one of the major threats in the underground mining industry. Each such type of event always brings great risk to miners and causes serious interruptions in the process of rock excavation. In general, the possibility of roof fall hazard occurrence is directly related to the local geology, the presence of horizontal stresses as well as the type of excavation method and the efficacy of the utilized roof support. Due to the complexity of this process, it is important to continuously evaluate the roof fall risk, especially in long life-time places where a mining crew is often present. Within this article, a detailed review of the current methods of monitoring and evaluating roof fall risk was presented. Based on the extensive literature survey, different types of devices were described, and their advantages and disadvantages were pointed out. Furthermore, new trends in the area of roof fall risk monitoring were described and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day, mining corporations grow and develop over Egypt's Eastern Desert in search of gold, silver, and other metals. Mineral resources in Egypt are a powerful tool for increasing national income. In this study, we are interested in mineral exploration, such as gold and porphyry deposits, using aeromagnetic data, applying various processing techniques such as First Vertical Derivative, Total Horizontal Gradient, Analytical Signal, Tilt Derivative, and the center of exploration targeting (CET). The study area is located at the Central Eastern Desert, which includes the Barramiya, Abu Marwa, and Abu Mireiwah regions. The analysis of the delineated structural trends shows that the N–S, NW–SE, and NE–SW are the most effective directions for managing deposits in the investigated area. A minor trend is also shown in the E–W direction and corresponds to the alteration zones reported by geology and prior investigations. Mineralization zones occur most frequently at the contact between ophiolitic serpentinite, sediments, and other rock types. This study intends to add more about the use of the recently developed technology of CET grid analysis for mineral exploration and structural interpretation across the Central Eastern Desert. The CET porphyry analysis map shows locations where several occurrences of porphyry deposits are probable. The newly discovered spots are similar to the area's usual deposit sites. This study proves that aeromagnetic data are significant in mineral exploration since they are useful for the discovery of the structure and shear zones controlling the mineralization zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mining can directly and indirectly affect social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative ways, and may result in societal benefits, but may also cause conflicts, not least in relation to land use. Mining always affects the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some negative environmental impacts. Social and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions are particularly sensitive to impacts from development for numerous reasons, not least of which are the reliance of Indigenous peoples on subsistence livelihoods and long recovery times of fragile ecosystems. With growing metal demand, mining in the Arctic is expected to increase, demanding a better understand its social and environmental impacts. We report here the results of a systematic mapping of research evidence of the impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions. Methods: We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). We screened articles at three stages (title, abstract, and full text) according to a predetermined set of inclusion criteria, with consistency checks between reviewers at each level. We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. We have produced an interactive database along with interactive visualisations, and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using heat maps. Review findings: Searches identified over 32,000 potentially relevant records, which resulted in a total of 585 articles being retained in the systematic map. This corresponded to 902 lines of data on impact or mitigation pathways. The evidence was relatively evenly spread across topics, but there was a bias towards research in Canada (35% of the evidence base). Research was focused on copper (23%), gold (18%), and zinc (16%) extraction as the top three minerals, and open pit mines were most commonly studied (33%). Research most commonly focused on operation stages, followed by abandonment and post-closure, with little evidence on early stages (prospecting, exploration, construction; 2%), expansion (0.2%), or decommissioning/closure (0.3%). Mitigation measures were not frequently studied (18% articles), with groundwater mitigation most frequently investigated (54% of mitigations), followed by soil quality (12%) and flora species groups (10%). Control-impact study designs were most common (68%) with reference sites as the most frequently used comparator (43%). Only 7 articles investigated social and environmental outcomes together. the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (39%), followed by water (34%), societies (20%), and soil/geology (6%), with air the least common (1%). Conclusions: The evidence found highlights a suite of potential knowledge gaps, namely: on early stages prior to operation; effectiveness of mitigation measures; stronger causal inference study designs; migration and demography; cumulative impacts; and impacts on local and Indigenous communities. We also tentatively suggest subtopics where the number of studies could allow systematic reviews: operation, post-closure, and abandonment stages; individual faunal species, surface water quality, water sediment quality; and, groundwater mitigation measure effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magmatic processes that emerged with the evolution of the Neotethys ocean and associated lithospheric plates caused the formation of significant mineralization in the Tethys belt. The Eastern Pontides, which are located in the northeast of Türkiye and are a part of the Tethys metallogenic belt, are particularly rich in porphyry-type mineralization and represent an important region for Cu-Mo exploration. A large number of Cu, Pb and Zn anomalies have been determined in a large region including the Güzelyayla Cu-Mo field by stream sediment sampling. The Güzelyayla occurrence is Cu-Mo mineralization associated with andesitic/basaltic volcanic rocks and intrusive dacites crosscutting these rocks. The Güzelyayla Cu-Mo mineralization developed in the stockwork and fault-controlled silicified zones. Homogenization temperature values vary between 324 °C and 420 °C (average 374 °C). Salinity values range between 2.2 and 18.6% NaCl (average 9.1% NaCl). A concentric alteration zoning surrounding the potassic alteration indicates a gradual change in the physicochemical properties of the solutions forming the mineralization. The Güzelyayla mineralization was formed in the Eocene (50.7 ± 1.0 million years) period in the Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks in relation to post-collisional processes in the magmatic arc environment. Contrary to previous studies, estimation zone models were created and an estimated 54.2 million tons of extracted/potential mineral resource with an average grade of 0.20% Cu and 0.014% Mo (0.26% Cu equivalent grade) was made in the Güzelyayla field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, man has been preoccupied with knowledge of the origin and composition of the Earth, the great variety of rocks and minerals from which it is made. Over time, the Earth's surface has undergone major changes, changes due largely to various processes and climate phenomena that have succeeded in over millions of years. The term geological processes formed the rock new mineral deposits, which led ultimately to change the soil composition. The feedstock mineral soil resulting transformation is known as the parent rock or mother rock. In soils, rock or parent material, begins where biotic factor intervenes not exactly the depth at which the influence of living organisms (whether microorganisms, animals or roots, disappears. It is therefore the depth at which the content of organic matter is insignificant in terms of fertility of the soil. In the formation and spread of the mineral part of the soil, the first attempts were as starting point pedogenetical one or more factors, which led to a multiplicity of concepts and formulations. Among the first who realized pedologists such studies included the N. FLOREA, stating in 1985 that the formation of soil cover, in addition to pedogenesis processes involved and some geological processes that interfere with the formation of soil cover and they called processes pedogeological. To explain the genesis of soils and for determining their time evolution, both in natural conditions and in terms of their use by humans, it is necessary to analyze the specific and coordinated actions of all the factors involved in these processes (by Gh. IANOŞ and et Al., 1995). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Based on a large number of data, the paper analysed the influence factors of coal mining for the karst water system in north China, used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for evaluation of the effect of coal mining on the karst water system, and divided influence degree subareas of State-planed 21 coal mining areas. We also come up with some suggestions on prevention and control measures of principle according to the different influence degrees. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The self-similar is a common phenomena arising in the field of geology. It has been shown that geochemical element data, mineral deposits, and spacial distribution conform to a fractal structure. A fractal distribution requires that the number of objects larger than a specified size have a power-law dependence on size. This paper shows that a number of distributions, including power-function, Pareto, lognormal, and Zipf, display fractal properties under certain conditions and that this may be used as the mathematical basis for developing fractal models for data exhibiting such distributions. The summation method is developed on the basis of fractal models to determine thresholds for Au data in Shandong Province, China. The anomalous area is enclosed by contours which have contour values greater than or equal to threshold (200×10−9) and contains known large-sized and super large-sized gold mineral deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of a case study on cliff recession mechanism and progressive development of talus deposits around Xiangshan of the Sishou Hills in the southeast of the Taipei Basin. Based on photogrammetric analysis and physical modeling, the geomorphologic changes of talus deposits are carefully examined and the cliff recession rates from 1904 to 2005 are thus measured and tabulated. Our study identified the fundamental control factors on mechanisms of cliff recession and proposed a possible scenario of cliff recession and progressive development of talus deposits around the Xiangshan region from 1904 to 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The results of the studies presented in the paper have shown that in the Upper Silesian Region in Poland, radon indoor concentration levels depend first of all on the geological structure of the subsurface layers. The essential factors influencing radon migration ability are the mining-induced transformations of a rock mass. In some cases, significant variations of radon potential have been found at sites featuring similar geological structures and experiencing comparable mining effects. To find out the causes of these variations, studies involving geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity profiling (PE) and electrical resisitivity sounding (VES) were used. These studies have shown that the measurements made using the electrical resistivity method can be helpful in evaluating radon potential of both the tectonically disturbed areas and the mining-transformed ones. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The knowledge of the spatial development of phenomena is crucial in the case of research in economics, geological survey, mining, earth resources and geography. In the literature one can diagnose an important methodological and implementation gap concerning the selection of the set of areal units within the Aggregation Problem. The issue relates to determining boundaries of areal units (regions), whose properties are described by spatial data. The boundaries of areas should be established in such a way that a given analyzed phenomenon is influenced by the same main causes. Only in this case, the analyzed spatial data will properly reflect the impact of main causes, the properties of phenomena and dependencies between them. This means that determining the proper boundaries of areas is a necessary condition for receiving correct conclusions (e.g. delimiting metropolitan areas, assessing mineral resource potential and deposits, or assessing the dynamics of surface processes). From this perspective, the main objective of the article is presenting the proposal for solving the Aggregation Problem, where as the case study the economic analysis of agrarian resources and structure is used. The solution to the problem will lead to establishing the system of macroregions, where the obtained proposal of a system of four sets of areal units is important from the point of view of spatial research. The main added value of the research and its specific contribution to the literature is based on the fact that the proposed solution to the Aggregation Problem can be considered as universal, which is not limited to selected scientific disciplines. The methodology presented in the article can be effectively applied to other spatial research in the field of geology and mining, where the most appropriate research field is the issue of locating areas with appropriate properties or areas which are affected by given analised phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Visnyk of Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series "Geology-Geography-Ecology" is the property of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shield-roof interaction as mining proceeds in longwall panels remains unclear, hindering the further increase of longwall productivity. To uncover the mechanisms of shield-roof interaction, using our self-developed Status of Shield and Roof IntelliSense (SSRI) system, we investigated the effects of idle time, retreating rate, setting pressure, yielding, and shearer's cutting, as well as neighboring shields' advance on the spatial-temporal evolution of leg pressure and leg closure of shields. Our results show that the shield-roof interaction is not only dependent on the shield capacity, but also collectively determined by the time-related factors, the geological condition, the setting pressure, yielding characteristics, and mining method. Understanding the shield-roof interaction in longwall panels enables us to apply the SSRI system for ground control in longwall coal mines. Early warning of severe roof weighting can be achieved by establishing a warning model based on the decision tree algorithm. Apart from this, we can also assess the working condition of yield valve and diagnose fluid leakage of shield cylinder using the SSRI system. Finally, we propose the research prospects on shield-roof interaction in longwall panels to achieve a more reasonable determination of shield capacity, prediction of roof fall and coal wall spalling, and self-adaptive control of the shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study involved investigation of the relationship between the radon concentrations in the ground air - and thus in the indoor air - and the geological structure of the Lubelskie Voivodeship (eastern Poland). Both passive and active methods were used for measuring the radon concentrations in coal, phosphate and chalk mines, caves, wells as well as indoor environments. The study also included elemental, uranium and lead isotope analyses of rocks. The performed research showed that Paleogene and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks rich in radionuclides are the sources of radon in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. In the case of the buildings located in proximity to such rocks, characterized by relatively high radon exhalations, radon remediation methods are recommended. Already at the designing stage of buildings, the measures which protect against the hazardous radon gas should be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the increasing depth of coal mining around the world, traditional shallow geology mechanics are no longer suitable for the research on deep geological problems. In terms of deep mining, soft rock roadways in inclined rock formations show different deformation types compared with soft rock roadways in shallow horizontal strata. Based on the -1000 m track contact roadway in Qishan Mine of Xuzhou, physical model tests on the failure process of 45° and 60° inclined layered soft rock formations are carried out using physical models. The real-time monitoring of strain inside the model during the failure of soft rock formation is conducted to explore the failure mechanisms of 45° and 60° inclined layered soft rock formations in terms of in-depth high self-weight stress and horizontal tectonic stress. FLAC3D is also used for numerical simulation and comparative analysis. The roof and floor of the tunnels through 45° and 60° inclined formations fail on the left, and left and right walls fail near the bottom. The maximum displacement of the roof and floor of the 60° inclined formation is larger than that of the 45° inclined formation, and the maximum amount of deformation of left and right walls of the 45° inclined formation is larger than that of the 60° inclined formation, indicating failure features of different steeply inclined layered soft rocks roadways under high lithostatic stress and horizontal tectonic stress can provide a theoretical basis for mining and support of deep roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Geologica Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current article will attempt to confirm that Polish post-mining areas are characterized by high cognitive and aesthetic values and that they have great geotourism potential, which has been little used so far. Tourism is regarded to be one of the most dynamically growing sectors of the global economy and is a phenomenon that occurs in the landscapes of all ecological and altitudinal zones. Geotourism is among the relatively recent types of tourism. Poland is a highly attractive country for geotourism. The aim of this article is to analyze the distribution and size of post-mining areas in Poland and, based on these analyses, to assess the geotourist potential of selected post-mining regions. Based on the distribution of natural resource mining sites and their potential and actual use in geotourism, the authors selected 20 actual and potential geotourist regions in Poland. These regions were divided into three basic categories based on their attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently a wide variety of methods used to evaluate soil contamination. We present a discussion of the advantages and limitations of different soil contamination assessment methods. In this study, we analyzed seven trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) that are indicators of soil contamination in Dexing, a city in China that is famous for its vast nonferrous mineral resources in China, using enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI), and principal component analysis (PCA). The three contamination indices and PCA were then mapped to understand the status and trends of soil contamination in this region. The entire study area is strongly enriched in Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, especially in areas near mine sites. As and Hg were also present in high concentrations in urban areas. Results indicated that Cr in this area originated from both anthropogenic and natural sources. PCA combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) was successfully used to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic trace metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a geological map of Mors, Denmark, with information on sedimentary deposits and geological history. It explores the geological features of the Mors map sheet, which was created using hand augers. It also provides examples of glaciotectonic structures exposed in Mors' coastal cliff sections.

The Polkowice--Sieroszowice mine in one of the seven candidates for the future pan-European underground laboratory studied in the framework of the LAGUNA project. We review the evidence that from the point of view of geology, long-term plans for the mine and existing infrastructure, and support of the authorities this is a perfect place to host the 100 kton liquid argon detector GLACIER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, Mineral Resources Tasmania has been developing regional 3D geological and geophysical models for prospective terranes at a range of scales and extents as part of its suite of precompetitive geoscience products. These have evolved in conjunction with developments in 3D modeling technology over that time. Commencing with a jurisdiction-wide 3D model in 2002, subsequent modeling projects have explored a range of approaches to the development of 3D models as a vehicle for the better synthesis and understanding of controls on ore-forming processes and prospectivity. These models are built on high-quality potential field data sets. Assignment of bulk properties derived from previous well-constrained geophysical modeling and an extensive rock property database has enabled the identification of anomalous features that have been targeted for follow-up mineral exploration. An aspect of this effort has been the generation of uncertainty estimates for model features. Our experience is that this process can be hindered by models that are too large or too detailed to be interrogated easily, especially when modeling techniques do not readily permit significant geometric changes. The most effective 3D modeling workflow for insights into mineral exploration is that which facilitates the rapid hypothesis testing of a wide range of scenarios whilst satisfying the constraints of observed data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The pole position for the late Mesoproterozoic Alcurra (formerly Kulgera) Dyke Swarm (ADS), Musgrave Block, central Australia, has been revised by adding new data from two more dykes. A palaeomagnetic fold test is positive at the 99 percent confidence level and the pole position is latitude = 2.8° S, longitude = 80.4°E . New 40Ar/39Ar determinations on single biotite grains from country-rock gneiss 20 cm from the contact with an Alcurra dyke yield ages from 1068 ± 2 Ma to 1085 ± 2 Ma (2σ). In addition, 40Ar/39Ar determinations on two samples of aggregates of very fine-grained biotite from the mesostasis of a Stuart Dyke (SD), Arunta Inlier, Northern Territory, yield ages of 1059 ± 2 and 1066 ± 3 Ma (2σ). These new ages are in agreement with those of the ∼1070 Ma Warakurna large igneous province, west-central Australia, indicating that both the ADS and SD belong to that suite. Palaeomagnetic poles determined by others for the ADS and SD are indistinguishable from each other but cannot be presently combined as a single pole because the published information on the SD is incomplete. An analysis of the palaeogeography implied by the dispersed palaeomagnetic poles from members of the extended Warakurna suite shows that the present relationships between the major Precambrian cratons (West, North and South Australian), which constitute Australia west of the Tasman Line, are inconsistent with the inferred relationship at ∼1070 Ma. Nor is it apparent that internal deformations within the separate cratons are the cause of the dispersion. Our findings imply that these major Australian Cratons must have finally assembled sometime after ∼1070 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With little mining information, old abandoned coal workings were grouted beneath a proposed building site. Mine stabilization was found necessary after an investigation of subsidence potential was performed. The investigation indicated that the 67 m deep abandoned mine, although old, still had not collapsed and consequently presented a significant risk of subsidence in the future. Further, based on the history of subsidence over old mines in the area, mine grouting was recommended. To stabilize the mine, about 11,468 m3 of grout were pumped. The grouting was designed to account for the significant amount of rubble which existed in the mine. There were three grout mixes of different flowability characteristics specified. The 1,725 kPa grout was batched at a slump of 10 and 20–22 cm and at a efflux flow rate of 30–40 s. Permeation, squeeze (or intrusion), and compaction grouting was performed per the project specifications. Also, to economize on the amount of grouting necessary, subsidence resistant features were incorporated into the design of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of geoscience in Norway has been characterized by close contact with the industry from its start to the present day. Five historical periods can be identified: The first period (1600-1760) started with an emerging mining industry based on imported geological knowledge. This led to a need for collecting geological data, an approach that characterised geological studies in the second period (1760-1850). The combined collection of data, detailed fieldwork and analytical work, formed the basis for the growing understanding of natural geological processes with the founding of geochemistry in the third period (1850-1910). In the fourth period (1910-1960) a solid tradition was established which paved the way for proposed fundamental theories that still dominate international geoscience. The fifth period (1960-present) includes the time of rapid adjustment necessary to meet the needs of the petroleum industry in the 1960s. The fast change of direction of the geosciences as well as the acceleration in development of new technologies that were necessary to meet the demands of the quickly growing oil industry, was only possible because of the existence of a long and solid tradition of geoscience in Norway. An important element in this tradition was the inclusion of new generic knowledge about geological processes and the ability to combine theoretical and academic studies in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three provinces in Northern Norway in which occurrences of graphite are abundant; the Island of Senja, the Vesterålen archipelago, and the Holandsfjorden area. From these provinces, we report graphite resources from 28 occurrences. We use a combination of airborne and ground geophysics to estimate the dimensions of the mineralized areas, and, combined with sampling and analysis of the graphite contents, this gives us inferred resources for almost all the occurrences. The average TC (total carbon) content is 11.6%, and the average size is 9.3 Mt or 0.8 Mt of contained graphite. We demonstrate that the Norwegian graphite occurrences have grades and tonnages of the same order of magnitude as reported elsewhere. The graphite-bearing rocks occur in a sequence that encompasses carbonates, meta-arenites, acid to intermediate pyroxene gneisses, and banded iron formations metamorphosed into the granulite facies. Available radiometric dating shows that the graphite-bearing rocks are predated by Archean gneisses and postdated by Proterozoic intrusions of granitic to intermediate compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]