Search

As the six central provinces account for 23% of total national carbon emissions (CE), research into the decoupling status of their economic growth (EG) and carbon emissions is critical to achieving the Dual Carbon Goals and the Rise of Central China Plan. This research initially examines the decoupling status between CE and EG using the Tapio decoupling model, based on energy consumption (EC) dataset from six central provinces in China between 2000 and 2019. The decoupling index (DI) is then divided into five decoupling drivers using the LMDI method. Finally, an enhanced STIRPAT model is used to examine the decoupling status of CE and EG in the six central provinces from 2020 to 2040. The research findings are: (1) The six central provinces exhibited a stable decoupling status between 2000 and 2019. The DI of the six central provinces ranged from -1.2 to 3.4. (2) The decoupling performance is influenced mainly by the inhibitory effect of economic development (GI) and the promoting effect of energy intensity (EI). The GI consistently maintains an impact value of around 0.9. EI performance varies widely across provinces. (3) From 2020 to 2040, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, and Hunan show significantly strong decoupling indices distributed between -2.21 and -0.07 in all three scenarios. It is important to note that Shanxi and Jiangxi provinces will experience a Reverse Decoupling phenomenon. These findings are helpful in developing regionally coordinated development policies and strategies for reducing CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method within the insight into the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to verify whether EKC exists in the Nepalese economy. In this research, variables were used, such as carbon emissions per capita, GDP per capita, energy use per capita, trade volume, and urbanization from 1980 to 2021, and the ARDL method was used. The data has been taken in this research except trade volume from the World Bank and the Ministry of Finance, Nepal. The data sets are converted into the natural logarithmic form to minimize the problem of heteroskedasticity. The findings provide compelling evidence for the existence of the EKC in Nepal, that economic growth has an inverted U-shaped impact on carbon emissions. In the early stages of development, economic growth leads to rising carbon emissions, but in the later stages, economic growth becomes associated with declining emissions. Besides economic growth, per capita energy consumption and urbanization emerge as significant drivers of carbon emissions. However, the trade volume is not found to be the driving factor of carbon emissions. The findings of this study have significant policy implications for global climate change issues and Nepal's transition from an underdeveloped to a developing nation. To achieve harmonious economic growth and emissions reduction, donor countries and agencies to partner with Nepal in its ambitious endeavors. This partnership can take shape through multifaceted support as fueling socio-economic progress that aligns with Nepal's commitment to reduce carbon emissions, ensuring that development and sustainability walk together. This research recommends the government of Nepal electrify the transportation landscape by incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles, paving the way for cleaner air and a healthier planet, empowering Nepal's natural guardians by strengthening public and private forest programs, safeguarding invaluable ecosystems and biodiversity and curbing the tide of waste mismanagement through strict regulations and robust enforcement, transforming a potential threat into a source of innovation and resourcefulness. These measures, aligned with sustainable employment generation, can pave the way for a brighter and greener future for Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analysis the influence of economic growth (EG) and energy consumption (EC) on sulfur dioxide emissions (SE) in China. Accordingly, this study explores the link between EG, EC, and SE for 30 provinces in China over the span of 2000e2019. This study also analyzes cross-sectional dependence tests, panel unit root tests, Westerlund panel cointegration tests, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H) causality tests. According to the test results, there is an inverted U-shaped association between EG and SE, and the assumption of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is verified. The signs of EG and EC in the fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) methods are in line with those in the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimators. Moreover, the results verified that EC can obviously positive impact the SE. To reduce SE in China, government and policymakers can improve air quality by developing cleaner energy sources and improving energy efficiency. This requires the comprehensive use of policies, regulations, economic incentives, and public participation to promote sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prospect of decoupling economic development from CO2 emissions in Ghana is examined in this paper, with an emphasis on the manufacturing, export, and adoption of renewable energy sectors. The paper investigates the long-term and short-term correlations among CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption (RNE), population growth (POP), manufacturing value-added (MVA), Economic growth (GDP), and exports (EXP) using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing method using time series data from 1990 to 2020. The outcomes show that the variables are long-term cointegrating. Long-term GDP and CO2 emissions show a positive but negligible correlation, whereas exports show a negative and insignificant correlation. In the near term, using renewable energy has a markedly undesirable consequence on releases, yet, over time, the connection is positive and negligible. Because the turning point when economic expansion results in lower emissions is not apparent, the Environmental Kuznets Curve concept is not entirely substantiated. The report emphasizes how specific laws encouraging the use of renewable energy, environmentally friendly export and manufacturing processes, and technical advancements are necessary to help Ghana move toward a low-carbon economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores both the long- and short-run liaisons between three conceptual dimensions: economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness in 29 net energy importing middle-income economies using annual data from 1990 to 2019. We hereby assess ARDL models which examine the long-run links by integrations in between these three conceptual variables, and additionally Dumitrescu-Hurlin and Granger causality tests for panel and individual country models, respectively. For panel country samples, we reveal bidirectional causality connection between trade openness and economic growth along with unidirectional causalities from economic growth to energy consumption and from energy consumption to trade openness in the short-run. Bidirectional positive feedback relationships stand between economic growth - energy consumption and trade openness - energy consumption in the full sample and the upper middle-middle economies subsample in the long-run. Findings for individual country estimations reveal significant long-run relationships between energy consumption and economic growth in 12, energy consumption and trade openness in 6, and economic growth and trade openness in 9 of the middle-income economies examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unquestionably, all countries prioritize maintaining peace and fostering long-term sustainable economic growth. For this purpose, this study assessed the impact of military expenditure on economic growth using a multivariate regression model based on the enhanced production function in the presence of energy consumption. The study clustered 48 Islamic countries into their income levels over the period from 1990 to 2018, and using the dynamic common corrected effects in determining the elasticities of the explanatory variables. The empirical results revealed a negative effect of military expenditure on economic growth and the elasticity of military expenditure to economic growth was lowest in upper-middle-income countries than in the other three groups. In the main panel a 1% increase in military expenditure led to a 0.101% decrease in economic growth. The results of the paired Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test revealed a bidirectional causal affiliation between economic growth and military expenditure. In addition, the empirical findings revealed that the levels of military expenditure, as a component of total government expenditure, are too high in the employed economies and need to be transferred toward more productive non-military expenditure in order to improve the economic growth performance and other growth determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have given enormous attention to the roles of energy use and trade in economic growth strategies; however, recent international trade literature suggests that not merely the volume of trade but the diversification of goods may have a potential effect on economic growth. Thus, this paper uses the diversification of export goods and diversification of import goods as explanatory variables along with energy consumption and assessed the role of these important variables in economic development. The empirical results from Westerlund's (J Appl Econom 23:193–233, 2008) and Westerlund's (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709–748, 2007) tests disclosed the existence of cointegration. The long-run estimations obtained from the CUP-FM technique revealed that both import and export product diversifications positively influence economic growth. This presents a vital opportunity for emerging nations to expand growth by diversifying export and import products. Likewise, energy use, labor, and capital contribute to increasing economic growth. The estimates from the causality test illustrated bidirectional causality between export diversification and economic growth and unidirectional causality from energy to export diversification. Finally, policy suggestions to expand economic progress are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese cities are pursuing an energy transition to decouple energy-related carbon emissions (ERCEs) from economic growth. Despite numerous studies focusing on the factors influencing carbon emissions, few have quantitatively analyzed their respective contribution rates, thus leaving a gap in effectively guiding policies. This study took 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as the study area. The decoupling between ERCEs and economic growth was analyzed during 2000–2020, and the contribution rates of different factors were explored. The results showed that the total ERCEs increased from 413.40 million to 1265.86 million tons during 2000–2020, increasing by over three times. Coal and oil were the dominant energy sources in most cities, but natural gas consumption increased from 0.15% to 5.96%. Moreover, 14 cities showed a decoupling status, indicating a certain win–win situation between economic growth and ERCE reduction. Economic growth greatly increased ERCEs, with its contribution rate ranging from 114.65% to 493.27% during 2000–2020. On the contrary, energy structure and energy intensity both contributed to reducing ERCEs in most cities, and their maximum contribution rates reached −32.29% and −449.13%, respectively, which were the main forces for the win–win situation. Finally, carbon reduction proposals are put forward, which provide theoretical support for achieving the "Double Carbon" goal in the YRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's highly advanced industrialised and modernised world, China's economy is still growing, and its demand for energy is increasing daily. It is crucial to examine the connection between energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in order to promote economic growth based on energy conservation and emission reduction. Using Dezhou City in Shandong Province as an example, the study builds a VAR model of carbon emission, energy consumption, and economic growth in Dezhou City based on simplified macroeconomic sub-models, energy sub-models, and environmental sub-models. It then determines the correlation and influence mechanism between the three using tests like ADF unit root and Granger causality. The pertinent elements affecting Dezhou's carbon emissions were then investigated using grey correlation analysis. Finally, based on the study's findings, policy suggestions are made regarding energy use, carbon emissions, and economic expansion. It is necessary not only to restrain high-energy consumption industries and fundamentally optimize the energy consumption structure, but also to find new economic growth points and improve economic growth channels, so as to optimize the industrial structure. In this process, increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry is a key measure. In addition, the government needs to advocate the citizens to adopt a low-carbon lifestyle, and the concept of low-carbon environmental protection will be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. This study will provide suggestions and theoretical guidance for China's energy consumption and carbon emissions, and help achieve high-quality growth of China and even the world economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of energy efficiency are recognized in multiple socio-economic spheres. Still, the quantitative impact on macroeconomic performance is not fully understood, as modeling tools are not thermodynamically consistent—failing to explicitly include the useful stage of energy flows and/or thermodynamic efficiencies in primary–final–useful energy transformations. Misspecification in the link between energy use and the economy underplays the role of energy use and efficiency in economic growth. In this work, we develop and implement the Macroeconometric Resource Consumption model for Portugal (MARCO-PT), 1960–2014. Based on the post-Keynesian framework developed for the United Kingdom (MARCO-UK), our model explicitly includes thermodynamic energy efficiency, extending the analysis to the useful stage of energy flows. The model's stochastic equations are econometrically estimated. The historical influence of key variables—namely thermodynamic energy efficiency—on economic output is assessed through counterfactual simulations and computation of year-by-year output elasticities. The MARCO-PT model adequately describes the historical behavior of endogenous variables. Although its influence has decreased over time, thermodynamic efficiency has consistently been the major contributor to economic growth between 1960–2014, with an average output elasticity of 0.46. Total useful exergy is also a major contributing factor, with an average output elasticity of 0.29. Both have a higher influence than capital, labor, or other energy variables (final energy, prices). An adequate integration of thermodynamic efficiency is thus crucial for macroeconomic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between external debt and energy access in the Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1999-2021. Results from the dynamic panel threshold method indicates that the link between external debt and energy access is nonlinear. Moreover, the findings reveal a statistically negative relationship between external debt and energy access above the threshold of 5.04 %, beyond which external debt reduces energy access in SSA countries. Besides, results indicate that economic growth and trade openness enhance access to electricity. However, renewable energy consumption decreases energy access. This paper upholds the view that external debt should be kept to a reasonable level in order to avert the opposite effect on energy access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh, being the fastest growing economy in the South Asian region, necessitates a comprehensive study to evaluate the influence of various socio-economic factors. The primary objective of this study is to get a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sustainable development and its relationship to carbon emissions. This analysis will specifically consider the current status of economic and anthropogenic activities within the context of Bangladesh. This research examines the aforementioned matter by utilizing the latest accessible yearly data spanning from 1990 to 2020, as well as employing advanced econometric models including the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag approach and frequency domain causality test. The analysis of empirical data reveals that the economic growth experienced in Bangladesh has yielded a discernible and favorable influence on the degradation of the environment, in both the immediate and extended periods. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that the observed impact holds no statistical significance. Furthermore, it is apparent that energy consumption has a substantial impact on the escalation of carbon emissions, in both the immediate and prolonged periods. Additionally, the processes of industrialization and foreign direct investment have also exerted adverse effects on short-term carbon emissions. A frequency domain causality test is used in this work to do a robustness analysis and confirm that there are causal links between economic growth, energy use, development, and carbon emissions over a range of time frames, such as the short, middle, and long terms. The above studies have given us a lot of useful information about how economic growth, energy use, industrialization, and environmental sustainability all affect each other in Bangladesh. Bangladesh should prioritize the formulation of policies and regulations that are centered around specific goals. These objectives include: (a) enhancing government engagement in activities related to environmental innovation, (b) integrating ecologically sustainable development targets by adopting renewable energy sources, and (c) devising strategies and initiatives to attract foreign direct investment, facilitate knowledge exchange, and promote energy-efficient manufacturing to stimulate economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unavoidable option for socially sustainable development is a low-carbon economy. One of the essential steps for China to attain high-quality development is reducing carbon emissions. It is necessary to realize low-carbon development in Sichuan, as it is not only an important economic zone but also an ecological protected area. The concurrent relationship among energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth was examined in this study using the Tapio decoupling indicator, and the factors affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions in Sichuan were broken down using the logarithmic mean Divisia indicator (LMDI). The findings demonstrate a fundamental relative decoupling relationship between Sichuan's energy use and carbon emissions. Analysis of energy consumption and carbon emissions in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2020 shows distinct patterns. From 2005 to 2012, in 2014, and from 2016 to 2020, the relationship between energy use and carbon emissions was relatively decoupled, with decoupling values ranging between 0 and 1. Absolute decoupling occurred in specific years: 2010, from 2013 to 2018, and in 2020. These periods are characterized by economic growth alongside reductions in carbon emissions. Factors affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions were consistently analyzed, showing similar impacts throughout the study periods. We find that population and economic growth are the main driving forces of these effects. The effects of energy intensity and industrial structure mainly play restraining roles, and the latter has a slightly weaker effect than the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy revolution in Saudi Arabia has accelerated significantly since 2016, driven by the National Vision 2030. Significant changes to energy subsidies took place, and the renewable energy sector has seen rapid growth. The paper presents an empirical analysis of the Saudi energy transition by emphasizing the drivers of fuel consumption in KSA. It primarily attempts to explore the long-run (LR) connection between oil consumption and several economic variables such as economic growth, crude oil prices, investment, and the labor force in Saudi Arabia (KSA) from 1991 up to 2021. The paper implemented the vector error correction model (VECM) and performed different diagnostic tests to provide more evidence about the validity and robustness of the tests. The empirical findings highlighted how important the labor force, savings, GDP, and crude oil price are in determining oil consumption for KSA. The law of demand is significantly present, which negatively affects oil consumption for KSA as an oil exporting country. The results also supported the existence of a long-term direct correlation between the variables and oil consumption. Furthermore, the short-term estimation highlighted that only saving has a negative impact on oil consumption for a single lagged period. Our findings provide governments and regulators with further incentive to slow the expansion in oil consumption, as a larger labor force is demanding more oil to attain the target, faster economic growth, and increased savings are all contributing factors. Our findings are significant because they can assist policymakers, investors, and regulators in generating more efficient oil substitutes and making them affordable for the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant demand for ecological services and diminishing environmental issues pose severe threats to the existence of humanity. Some scholars believe that the rapid development of financial sectors may add to this problem. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of disaggregated financial development on the ecological footprint of the Next-11 countries using the panel data from 1995 to 2019. For in-depth empirical analysis, financial development is divided into three categories: banking sector development, insurance market development, and stock market development. Each class comprises four indicators, and the composite index is constructed using principal component analysis. Results of the unit tests indicate that variables are stationary at mix orders some variables are stationary at the level and others are stationary at the 1st difference. By utilizing DCCE and AMG estimations model. The study has confirmed the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in sampled countries by showing the inverted U-shaped relation between economic growth and ecological footprints. The results also revealed that both stock market development and banking sector development decrease ecological footprints and could help protect the quality of the environment. Furthermore, the findings show that municipal is inseparably linked to environmental adversity in the Next 11 countries. Therefore, to safeguard the ecological footprint in the Next-11 countries, sustainable practices with green financial development accompanied by green urbanization are among the appropriate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) matters for environmental deregulations in Southern European countries over the period of 1990–2018 while controlling economic growth, globalization, and energy consumption. The present study uses the second generation panel based techniques, namely cross-sectional dependency test, cross-sectional unit-root test, Westerlund cointegration test, augmented mean group and common correlated effects mean group estimators, and Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test to measure the effect of CO2 intensity of GDP, economic growth, globalization, and energy consumption on environmental degradation. The empirical finding of the present study reveals that the CO2 intensity of GDP is an important factor in determining environmental degradation in South European countries, as the outcomes show that a 1% boost in CO2 intensity of GDP is causing a 1.7728% increase in CO2 emissions. Moreover, a 1% increase in economic growth caused a 0.2568% boost in CO2 emissions. The result is crucial for policy decision-making and can perhaps be applied to take decisive policy actions to mitigate environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is the subject of many economic analyses, but so far no attempt has been made to identify the main mechanism of interdependence between sustainable energy development and sustainable economic development in the second decade of the 21st century. The particular role of energy in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is due to the fact that the production, supply and use of energy underpin economic growth. The article fills this research gap and spawns both a better understanding of the essence of sustainable development as well as practical conclusions. The aim is to assess sustainable energy development and sustainable economic development in EU member states and to determine the correlation between the two in the EU. Substantive and formal methods were used to select diagnostic variables, including: the parametric method, the standardized sums method, and correlation analysis. The analysis period covers the years 2014–2021. The conducted research demonstrated a significant variation in the level of sustainable energy development and sustainable economic development among EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a deeper understanding of the intrinsic dynamic relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in China. This study employs panel cointegration and causality models, utilizing the SYS-GMM technique to assess the factors influencing economic growth in China’s green finance sector from 2002 to 2022. The research explores the interactions among multiple variables related to the Chinese economic context, including economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, total natural resource rents, energy consumption, and environmental impact. While considering key factors that may cause structural disturbances in the time series analysis. The findings indicate the existence of long-term cointegration relationships among these variables, with positive correlations between economic growth and total natural resource rents, energy consumption, energy quantity, and ecological footprint. Results also show a bidirectional causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption and a unidirectional correlation between energy consumption and GDP growth. Additionally, energy intensity (EI) improvements supported by green finance are linked to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, with a coefficient of −1.933 (p < 0.05), underscoring the role of technological innovation. Further evaluations suggest that investments in renewable energy can promote economic growth, create job opportunities, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Energy-saving measures and green finance-supported technological innovations play crucial roles in improving energy intensity and reducing CO2 emissions. The study also underscores the importance of economic diversification to reduce dependence on natural resources and enhance economic stability. Future research should further explore the economic feasibility and environmental benefits of emerging technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), providing deeper insights into sustainable energy practices.

This paper investigated the dynamic and causal relationship among energy intensity, economic growth, urbanization, energy consumption, FDI, and PM2.5 in 1995–2019 period for China, India, Germany, Canada, USA and United Kingdom countries through Panel Fourier Bootstrapping ARDL (PFBARDL) model and Panel Fourier causality test. According to PFBARDL results, the evidence of cointegration between the variables was detected. In the PFBARDL model, the error correction coefficient is determined as -0.169. Results showed that there is a bidirectional causality between economic growth and PM2.5 release, between fdi and PM2.5 release, between energy intensity and PM2.5 release. Rising economic growth, energy consumption structure, and urbanization will have an adverse effect on PM2.5 concentrations. Policy makers must carefully balance the connection between mitigation of PM2.5 and diminishing energy consumption, and increasing economic growth, urbanization, and energy intensity for determining policies to control PM2.5 concentrations. Thus, in order to reduce PM2.5, the governments must explore a new economic pattern to decouple the linkage between PM2.5 and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the interplay between clean energy, environmental pollution reduction, and economic growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1980 to 2019, utilizing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. The study underscores the global transition towards cleaner energy sources and its implications for the region. In assessing the determinants of economic growth, the findings reveal a positive and significant short- and long-term impact of energy production, with energy consumption exhibiting a positive and significant effect solely in the long term. The absence of a confirmed relationship in the short term is notable. Causality tests demonstrate a significant link from both energy consumption types to environmental pollution, alongside causal relationships from urbanization, energy production, and consumption to economic growth. Moreover, the results include the pivotal role of energy production in driving GDP growth, caution in short-term energy consumption effects, and significant causal links between energy consumption and environmental pollution. The recommendations to incentivize sustainable energy production, engage in long-term energy consumption planning, and adopt integrated urbanization policies provide actionable insights for policymakers. These suggestions are aimed at guiding the GCC countries in balancing the pursuit of economic growth with environmental sustainability—a delicate equilibrium that necessitates careful consideration of various factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon emissions trading system (CETS) is a helpful policy instrument for separating carbon emissions from economic expansion, and it significantly impacts energy efficiency (EE). This study uses 30 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2020 as its research samples, and classifies energy efficiency into single-factor energy efficiency (SFE) and total-factor energy efficiency (TFE), using the difference-in-differences model to examine the effect and mechanism of the CETS on EE. As an additional tool to assess the efficacy of the CETS, the corresponding evolution of the rebound effect of energy-related carbon emissions (RECE) is also calculated. This study shows that the CETS can significantly improve EE in China's pilot provinces. The influence mechanism indicates that the effect of the CETS on EE is influenced by the level of government governance, green innovation, and industrial structure optimization. Further study finds that after the CETS was carried out, the RECE in pilot provinces was higher than that in non-pilot provinces, and 31.4% of carbon emissions reduced by EE improvement rebounded. Therefore, the CETS has yet to realize its full carbon reduction potential. The study offers specific policy proposals for the enhancement of China's CETS in light of the aforementioned findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern conditions, when European countries have set themselves an extremely ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, it is important to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships between key indicators of energy efficiency of national economies and economic growth, the nature of their influence on each other. The article analyzes cointegration and causal relationships between panel data that determine the economic development and energy efficiency of 38 European countries for the period from 1995 to 2021. Stationary time series were analyzed for causality using the Dumitrescu Hurlin test, which, compared to the classical Granger test, more accurately takes into account the structure of panel data, namely cross-sectional relationships. The annual GDP growth rate has driven the intensity of CO2 emissions. For pairs of time series with the first level of integration, in the case of cointegration between them, a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to determine the type of long-term behaviour of the variables with their short-term feedback. Long-term causality was found from GDP per capita to the level of primary energy intensity of European countries. Exports of goods and services have proven to be a long-term cause of domestic consumption of natural gas and solid fossil fuels. Bidirectional long-term causality was found only between primary energy consumption and exports. It should be noted that in all short-term and long-term cause-and-effect relationships obtained in the article, economic development indicators are the cause for energy efficiency indicators. This signals that the level of energy efficiency of the European economy is determined to a large extent by the economic development of Europe in previous periods. ARDL models can be used to analyze causal relationships between time series that have different levels of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the long‐term effects of population and GDP changes requires a multisectoral and regional understanding of the coupled human‐Earth system, as the long‐term evolution of this coupled system is influenced by human decisions and the Earth system. This study investigates the impact of compounding economic and population growth uncertainties on long‐term multisectoral outcomes. We use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) to explore the influence of compounding and feedback between future GDP and population growth on four key sectors: final energy consumption, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and CO2 emissions. The results show that uncertainties in GDP and population compound, resulting in a magnification of tail risks for outcomes across sectors and regions. Compounding uncertainties significantly impact metrics such as CO2 emissions and final energy consumption, particularly at the upper tail at both global and regional levels. However, the impact of staple food prices and water withdrawal depends on regional factors. Additionally, an alternative low‐carbon transition scenario could compound uncertainties and increase tail risk, particularly in staple food prices, highlighting the influence of emergent constraints on land availability and food‐energy competition for land use. The findings underscore the importance of considering and adequately accounting for compounding uncertainties in key drivers of multisectoral systems to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of multisectoral systems. The paper provides valuable insights into the potential implications of compounding uncertainties. Plain Language Summary: Understanding how future population and economic growth changes could impact our energy, water, food, and environment requires looking across multiple sectors and regions. This is because these systems are all connected. For example, increasing population drives higher food demand but requires more energy and water to grow food. At the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy through increased biofuel consumption can compete with food production for land resources. This study explored how uncertainties in future population and GDP growth could compound and interact to affect future energy use, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and carbon dioxide emissions. Using a model that connects all these systems, the study found that combined uncertainties in population and GDP lead to more significant risks of extreme outcomes than individually looking at those uncertainties. There are substantial regional differences in future outcomes, like higher uncertainty in food prices for India and West Africa compared to other regions. We highlight the need to consider multisector and multisystem interactions between uncertainties across different regions. Accounting for these compounding uncertainties provides valuable insights into potential risks, like higher extreme projections for food prices or water use. These insights are essential for long‐term planning in our connected human‐Earth system. Key Points: Long‐term implications of population and GDP changes on the coupled human‐Earth system focusing on multisectoral and regional understandingUncertainties in GDP and population growth can compound, resulting in more extreme outcomes for multisectoral systemsCompounding uncertainties differ by region and metrics; staple food prices and water withdrawal show significant regional variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries." The authors have made updates to the original publication to improve understanding. The updates include replacing terms such as "carbon dioxide emanations" with "carbon dioxide emissions" and "greenhouse emanations" with "greenhouse gas emissions." Additionally, there are corrections to the references cited in the article. The authors state that these updates do not affect the scientific conclusions of the article. [Extracted from the article]

In the era of globalization, financial development plays a key role in socioeconomic and environmental development. However, its adverse consequences on human life, environmental hazards, and high energy consumption cannot be ignored. Thus, this study investigates the non-linear relationship between globalization, financial development, and energy consumption for BRICS economies. In doing so, we have applied second-generation tests to identify cross-sectional dependence in the data. Cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) and Cross-sectional Im-Pesaran Shin (CIPS) have been performed to find the stationary level of variables. The long-term equilibrium link between the investigated variables has been established in continuance using the Westerlund Cointegration test. The Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) indicates that U-shaped relationships exist for financial development and globalization with energy consumption. Conversely, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship exist between economic growth and energy consumption in BRICS. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test findings show that a unidirectional link runs from energy consumption to financial development, economic growth to energy consumption, and globalization towards energy usage. Important policy implications have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between primary energy consumption and economic growth in Greece for the period 1965-2019 by using annual data. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. In terms of econometric specificity, ordinary least squares regression (OLS) is used to determine the model in the first step, while the vector self-regulating model (VAR) and the Wald test are used to detect causality. The study differs from the literature in terms of examining the individual energy sources. Total primary energy consumption in Greece is examined in relation to economic growth and individual energy sources separately. According to the results, primary energy consumption in Greece has a big impact on economic growth. The energy derived from non-renewable energy sources has the highest consumption rates. Causality tests show that there is a causal relationship between wind energy consumption and the GDP per capita while causality is observed from the GDP per capita to oil, coal, solar and hydropower consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the causality relationship between military expenditures and energy security risk levels. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to investigate whether military expenditures have a role in ensuring energy security and to perform a pioneering study examining the relationship between energy security and military expenditures. In addition, the variables of economic growth and energy export revenues are also included in empirical analysis. Methodology: The Kónya (2006) bootstrap panel Granger causality approach is used in empirical analysis. The analysis covers 16 major energy exporter countries and the years 1990 and 2018. Results: It was found that there is one-directional causality from military expenditures to energy security risk levels for three countries, and from energy security risk levels to military expenditures for two countries. On the other hand, it was determined that there is one-directional causality from energy security risk levels to economic growth for four countries, from economic growth to energy security risk levels for two countries, from energy security risk level to energy export revenues for four countries, and from energy export revenues to energy security risk levels for one country. Moreover, it was determined that there is bidirectional causality between energy security risk levels and economic growth for four countries, and between energy security risk levels and energy export revenues for two countries. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the causality relationship between energy security and other variables (military expenditures, GDP, and energy export income) cannot be generalized across countries. However, it may be argued that energy security is an important policy tool that has important economic consequences for energy-exporting countries through its effects on different variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To become the fastest-growing large economy in the world, India has set a target growth rate of 9%, reaching an economy of $5 trillion by 2024-25. It is an immense challenge to meet the growth target and keep the CO2 emissions under control. The present paper aims to discover the determinants for explaining CO2 emissions in India by conducting a complete decomposition analysis, where the residuals are fully distributed to the determinants for the country from 1990-2018. The analysis reveals that the biggest contributor to the rise in CO2 emissions in India is the expansion of the economy (scale effect). The intensity of CO2 and the change in the composition of the economy, which nearly move in tandem, also contribute to the rise in CO2 emissions, although more slowly. A declining energy intensity of the Indian economy is responsible for a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions. As a typical result for an upcoming economy, this paper did not find evidence for an environmental Kuznets curve. This implies that continued economic growth will lead to increased CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent years, the trend of environmental sustainability is rapidly increasing by adopting renewable energy resources. However, the main concern is that whether renewable energy consumption contributes to economic growth. To investigate the issue, this study analyzes renewable energy led economic growth hypothesis in the Next-11 economies over the period 1990–2020. Also, this study aims to examine the influence of industry value added, gross national expenditure, and trade openness on economic growth of these economies. Along with the second-generation panel unit root test, this study employed the non-parametric panel data approach, i.e., quantile method of moments regression. The estimated results reveal the slopes coefficients are heterogeneous and cross-sectional dependency is present in the panel. The non-parametric approach reveals that validity of renewable energy led growth hypothesis. Also, the industry value added, gross national expenditure, and trade openness are found positively affecting economic growth of these economies. The panel causality test gives indication of the two way causal association between the variables. Based on the obtained results, policy implications are also provided for governors and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and governments are debating whether to use renewable energy sources or fossil fuels. The impact of the final decision on developed and developing regions is either the same or different. To investigate the answers to these issues, the current study used panel data for the US economy from 1985 to 2020. Following preliminary diagnostic testing, the researchers discovered that the data is stationary at the level and has long-run cointegration. Furthermore, the influence of economic growth (GDP), nonrenewable energy (EU), and renewable energy consumption was investigated using the quantile regression approach (REC). The analysis discovered that the impact of GDP and the EU on carbon emissions is lowest in industrialized countries and highest in underdeveloped countries. However, the corrective influence of REC on carbon emissions is lowest in industrialized countries and highest in developing regions. Although the GDP and EU have less influence on carbon emissions, the corrective effect of REC is also the least; consequently, policymakers should encourage the aggregate production system to use more REC than the EU as a sustainable alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gross Domestic Product is regarded as the major indicator which determines the standards of living in a country. Consequently, energy use is far regarded as one of the major determinants of economic growth in an economy. However, fossil fuel energy greatly contributes to environmental degradation, global warming and the spread of various diseases. The present-day research is aimed at examining the effect of energy efficiency, renewable energy and effective capital on Gross Domestic Product in the emerging seven countries (Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Turkiye, Indonesia, China and India), during the period 1990 to 2019. The main novelty of the research is that it examines the effect of effective capital on Gross Domestic Product, a study which has not been done. Effective capital which is the combined effect of energy and physical capital in the production process is inevitable in raising economic growth. Additionally, the effect of energy efficiency on economic growth in the emerging seven countries has been partially investigated. The findings of this research are robust and unique to those of past researches, because Cross-sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributive Lag technique which is strong in the presence of cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity and dynamics is employed. The outcomes provided in this research shows that, energy efficiency and effective capital significantly promotes economic growth, while non-renewable energy provides significant positive effect in the short-run, with no significant effect in the long-run. This study recommends the efficient utilization of energy, ensuring that each single unit of energy employed produces the highest possible output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its reform and opening, the Chinese economy has witnessed unprecedented development. This long-term high-speed development has significantly impacted the environment. In the process of energy development and consumption, the environment has been severely polluted, and greenhouse emissions have increased. This has resulted in environmental imbalances such as global climate change, rising sea levels, and extreme weather. Using annual energy consumption (EC), economic growth (GDP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China from 1981 to 2021, this study employed the maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the parameters of the nonlinear MS-VAR model. Cointegration tests, regimes analysis methods, and impulse response function analysis methods were adopted to explore the differences or similarities in the dynamics of the three under various regimes. The research results are as following. (i) The cointegration test findings demonstrate a long-term equilibrium relationship among EC, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. (ii) Regime analyses exhibit that there are three regimes: "low-level regime," "medium-level regime," and "high-level regime." The three regimes have a mutual transfer transmission mechanism that exhibits nonlinear properties. (iii) Impulse response function analyses show that external EC and GDP shocks favorably impact the other two variables in all three regimes. EC in all three regimes is negatively impacted by external CO2 shocks. Moreover, in the "low-level regime," the relationship between CO2 and GDP has an inverted U-curve, whereas in the other two regimes, the relationship has a negative association. This study can help China formulate reasonable and effective CO2 emissions reduction and energy policies and successfully achieve the emissions reduction goal of the 14th Five Year Plan as well as dual carbon goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents empirical results regarding the relationships between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and the GDP within the Visegrád Group (V4) countries. Using FMOLS/DOLS and ARDL approaches, along with causality tests based on the Toda–Yamamoto method, this study explores these relationships at a regional level. The study fills the research gaps for a comprehensive analysis of the indicated relationships in the V4 countries by using both individual and panel models. The findings indicate that renewable energy has a small positive impact on long-term economic growth, with non-renewable energy having a more significant effect. Moreover, CO2 emissions have a negative impact on economic growth, suggesting an ongoing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and a burden on economic expansion. At an individual country level, the effects vary. Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary exhibit a negative relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Energy sources also differ in regards to impact: in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, non-renewable energy significantly affects economic growth, while in Hungary, renewable energy plays a more substantial role. Causality tests reveal a causal relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the Czech Republic and Poland, suggesting that CO2 emissions significantly influence economic expansion. In terms of energy production, renewable energy is causally related to economic growth in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. All countries demonstrate significant causality between non-renewable energy and economic growth. Additionally, a relationship between renewable energy and CO2 emissions is confirmed in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving environmental sustainability has become a global concern amidst increasing climate change threat. Using quarterly frequency data for the case of Russia from 1992 to 2018, the present study explores the interaction between disaggregated energy consumption (renewable energy and non-renewable energy), trade flow and economic growth on a broader measure for environmental degradation (ecological footprint). The choice of the variables draws strength from initiative of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG, 7, 8 11 and 13) for responsible energy consumption and clean energy consumption while mitigating climate change issues. The study applied the quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) and nonparametric causality-in-quantiles to capture these associations. The outcomes from the QQR disclosed that in the majority of the quantiles, trade openness and renewable energy use contribute to environmental sustainability, while nonrenewable energy amplifies ecological footprint. Furthermore, growth in Russia escalates its ecological footprint. Moreover, in the majority of the quantiles, all the exogenous variables can predict ecological footprint. Given the outcomes of this study, it outlines the need for a paradigm shift for alternative and clean energy consumption in Russian energy mix amidst its economic growth trajectory while accounting for green-development approaches. Pathways to fully achieve the sustainability targets are carefully outlined in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some advanced countries' rapid population, economic growth, and energy consumption expansion contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions. And while developed countries have achieved 100% universal access to electricity, mainly from non-renewable sources, many developing countries still lack it. This presents challenges and opportunities for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 of generating all energy from cleaner or low-carbon sources to reduce CO2 emissions in all countries and combating climate change consequences. Renewable energies have been widely acknowledged to greatly advance this endeavour, resulting in many studies and about 30 countries already with over 70% of their national electricity mix from RE. It has birthed a new paradigm and an emerging field of 100% RE for all purposes, recently receiving much attention from academia and in public discourse. The major challenge with this idea is that achieving such a feat requires a more diverse approach. This study emphasises the need to meet technical and non-technical requirements for working towards a 100% RE for all purposes. Therefore, our work introduces six methodological or evaluation mechanisms (herein, identified as 100% RE evaluation metrics) suitable for existing and future 100% renewable energy analysis. It then reviews energy modelling tools to identify their applicability to 100% RE analysis. The review and perspectives presented in this study will be valuable in developing a common integrated methodology and modelling tool for analysing full renewable energy adoption in countries or regions with best trade-offs, using performance indices that have not been previously used. It will also help with proper national and regional energy resources and system planning for new energy projects and installations, contributing to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have investigated the implications of the threshold effect of changes in FDI inflows for the nexus between energy consumption and economic growth in eight under-researched sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1971--2016. The countries are Benin, Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Zambia. Using the lag-augmented VAR (LAVAR) model (corrected for cross-sectional dependence), we develop an empirical framework tightly linked to the endogenous growth model that allows for a threshold effect of changes (strength and weakness) in FDI inflows on the nexus. Our findings show that the FDI inflows matter for the causal link between energy consumption and economic growth in some countries, although, for the cross-section as a whole, our bootstrap simulation supports the neutrality hypothesis. The overall results suggest that an energy demand policy, such as an energy conservation policy, should not cause any significant adverse side-effects to economic growth in those sub-Saharan African countries. Policy implications of the threshold effect for the nexus for individual sub-Saharan African countries are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is unquestionably necessary for economic progress, but it also results in carbon emissions, which are the leading cause of environmental deterioration and climate change. From this perspective, clean energy can contribute to both sustainable development and ecological sustainability, as it consists of non‐carbohydrate energy sources that do not or rarely emit greenhouse gases. In this context, this paper investigates economic policy uncertainty (EPU), economic expansion (EE) and clean energy consumption (EC) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Russia from 1995 to 2021. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to illustrate the interdependence of factors. The error correction model (ECM) is also used to check the relationship among the study's desired factors. The long‐term investigation found that EPU harms the environment by increasing emission levels. The economic expansion increases CO2 emissions and reduces the environmental quality, supporting the ecological modernization argument. The consumption of clean energy negatively impacts CO2 emission; hence its higher amount reduces the carbon. Thus, the study found a causal relationship between EPU, EC, EE and CO2 emissions. Based on the study's findings, a policy framework is proposed to address the sustainable development goals and environmental quality. Adding the other variables like environmental regulations can be taken as future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the nexus between renewable energy use, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development within emerging South Asian nations, namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. It examines annual data spanning from 1990 to 2019, examining key indicators of renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development. The ARDL bounds test results demonstrate the existence of co-integration among the variables in the long run. The empirical result finds that the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the long run. In India no significant relationship found in the long run. In short run assessment, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka also found same relationship with economic growth and renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate. Interestingly, In Pakistan no significant relationship has found in short run estimation analysis. Furthermore, study tried to determine the causality direction by using the Toda Yamamoto granger causality approach, which reveals bidirectional causation between exchange rate and CO2 emission in India. In Pakistan, study also found bi-directional causality among the variables renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. Finally, this paper emphasizes developing the policy as well as making a concrete decision regarding the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development for ensuring sustainable economic growth in South Asian region. Future research could extend this work by including different dimensional data, additional countries, or using alternative or supplementary modeling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian countries are facing environmental degradation issue which is the result of nonrenewable energy usage for growth however this issue cannot be unnoticed. This study is an effort to highlight the causes for an emerging issue of environmental degradation in selected Asian economies. The research findings demonstrate that urban population, energy consumption and economic growth increases carbon emission CO2 (i.e., environmental degradation) in Asian countries. It is suggested that strategy formulation in Asian economies should implement and indorse renewable energy sources in order to meet up the high energy demand and to reduce CO2 emissions for certain sustainable economic development in Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic downturn caused by the financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the intensifying global climate policy trends forced changes in the energy management of the European Union. The study examined how the most relevant energy economic variables affected the economic growth of the E.U. between 2010–2019. The study used the PSL-PM methodology to explore the relationship between G.D.P. (dependent variable) and energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, the average energy price, and renewable energy use (independent variables). The main findings are: G.D.P. growth is negatively correlated with CO2 emissions, showing that the E.U. economy is still highly dependent on fossil fuels; the increase in the proportion of renewable energy consumption contributed to the growth of the E.U.'s G.D.P.; CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and the average energy price are more critical in E.U. member states with a lower G.D.P.; renewable energy use and energy balance are essential in countries where more emphasis is placed on replacing traditional energy sources and reducing energy dependence; there is a strong positive correlation between G.D.P. and renewable energy use, indicating that this type of energy use effectively supports E.U. economic growth. The results of the multicollinearity test show that there is also a strong linear dependence between the independent energy economic variables. One of the significances of the study is that the presented and analyzed variables and the relationships between them can contribute to optimizing the E.U.'s currently critical energy management and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the impact of economic growth (GDP), energy consumption, foreign direct investment, oil price, and exports on carbon emissions by employing yearly time series data for Italy for the period 1971–2019. For this purpose, we employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and wavelet coherence approach to analyze the interconnections among variables. The cointegration results confirm the long-run association between our variables. Our findings show that GDP has a positive impact on carbon emissions, while the square of GDP has a negative impact, thus confirming the presence of the EKC hypothesis. Further, oil prices have a detrimental impact on carbon emissions both in the long- and short-term; on the contrary, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, and exports promote environmental degradation. We propose some important policy recommendations based on these findings to address the environmental constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate the impact of social, economic and political globalization on the renewable energy-economic growth nexus in a panel of six Asian emerging economies over the period 1975–2020. The results of the CS-ARDL approach show that renewable energy consumption contributes significantly to long run economic growth. Economic and political globalization firmly hold back economic growth, while social globalization directly promotes economic growth. The nonlinear effects of political, social, and economic globalization on economic growth clearly demonstrate the validity of the inverted U-shaped relationship between political globalization, economic globalization, and economic growth, and the U-shaped relationship between social globalization and economic growth. The study also found that economic, social and political globalization moderated the impact of renewable energy on boosting economic growth. Based on the renewable energy consumption model, it is revealed that economic growth significantly promotes long run renewable energy consumption. Economic, social, and political globalization have significantly boosted long run renewable energy consumption. However, the nonlinear effect model reflects a U-shaped relationship between globalization indicators and renewable energy consumption. The interaction of political, economic, and social globalization with economic growth has also witnessed an increase in renewable energy consumption, which supports the scale effect hypothesis. The causality test concludes that there is a two-way causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth, thus supporting the feedback hypothesis. The policy implications for Asian emerging economies are discussed based on the empirical analysis of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's largest carbon dioxide emitter, China is curbing coal consumption and increasing natural gas and renewable energy consumption to curb the increase in carbon emissions. At the same time, China is still the largest developing country in the world. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the links between different types of energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions. In this paper, impulse response functions and Granger causality test based on time-varying parameters vector autoregressive model are used to explore the time-varying relationship among CO2 emissions, economic growth, and heterogeneous energy consumption (coal, gas, oil, and renewable energy) in China over the period 1980–2019. The results show that reducing coal and oil consumption and increasing natural gas and renewable energy consumption will not significantly hinder economic growth. In addition, in the long run, reducing coal and oil consumption and increasing renewable energy consumption can significantly reduce carbon emissions. However, after 1998, increasing natural gas consumption will significantly increase carbon emissions. This study reveals the time-varying relationship between heterogeneous energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions, and provides suggestions for China to achieve low-carbon economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature has highlighted the importance of green innovation and institutional quality in sustainability transitions. However, there is little empirical research knowledge about green innovation and institutional quality as significant factors for sustainable development, particularly in Africa. In this context, the study examines the relationship between green innovation, institutional quality, economic growth, export, energy consumption, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in three (3) African countries over the period 1990 to 2016 at a panel and individual country level. Westerlund–Edgerton panel cointegration test together with the Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fulller (CADF) test and Cross-sectional Im, Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) test correspondingly confirmed the variables employed are co-integrated and as well stationary. Major findings from the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator unveiled that: (i) green innovation mitigates CO2 emissions, whereas institutional quality increases CO2 emissions at the panel level and in South Africa; (ii) energy consumption increases CO2 emissions at the panel level and in all the individual countries; (iii) urbanization increases CO2 emissions at the panel and in Egypt and South Africa; (iv) an inverted U-shaped is evidenced to exist among economic growth and CO2 emissions in Egypt and South Africa. Finally, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test revealed a unidirectional causal link from CO2 emissions to green innovation and institutional quality correspondingly. Policy implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonrenewable energy makes up a sizeable portion of Africa's gross domestic product. The continent heavily relies on nonrenewable energy sources, such as gasoline, for industrial and commercial uses, which helps it expand and develop, especially in oil-producing nations. Incorporating nonrenewable energies when analyzing the relative effects of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on environmental quality is paramount. The transition to renewable energy has been identified as a contributing factor in clean energy and sustainable development, but the consumption of renewable energy in Africa is negligible. This study employed panel threshold regression and covered data from 1990 to 2019, and examined the non-linear relationship between renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental quality. According to the study's findings, the consumption of renewable energy has a nonlinearly negative relationship with carbon emission proxied environmental quality. The relationship between environmental quality and economic growth was also shown to be nonlinearly positive, pointing to the dominance of nonrenewable resources in the African industry. The report recommends an effective policy for boosting the use of renewable energy sources in order to support clean energy and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of ICT capital services on economic growth and energy efficiency in China at both national and industrial levels during the period 2000–2020. To achieve this aim, this study introduces a measurement method for capital services, explores ICT's contributions to economic growth, and analyzes the impact of ICT on energy efficiency. The empirical results of this study indicate that although the ICT capital services scale is relatively small, accounting for only 8.87% of the total in 2020, its growth rate is faster than that of non-ICT capital services, and the distribution of ICT capital services varies widely among different industries. Additionally, based on the economic growth decomposition framework, this study finds that the contribution of ICT capital services to economic growth is 6.95% on average. It is significantly higher in certain industries, such as Financial industry; Information transmission, software and information technology services; Construction; and Manufacturing compared to others. The total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) reveals that industries with higher energy consumption have lower energy efficiency, while the panel regression model illustrates that the development of ICT has a positive impact on improving energy efficiency, with variability across industries. Overall, the findings of this study provide crucial scientific evidence and policy implications for promoting the development of ICT and integrating it with various industries, which can significantly contribute to boosting economic growth and energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission of air pollutants from energy production and consumption is a major cause of environmental problems. In addition, urbanisation and CO2 emissions have become major environmental concerns that are closely related to climate change and sustainable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic activities, and management issues for Turkey for the period between 1980 and 2021. The STIRPAT hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis were employed by using dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and ARDL bound methodologies for these goals. The findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between variables of the STIRPAT model. The coefficient of economic expansion and energy consumption affected CO2 emissions positively, which means that energy consumption and the expansion of economic activity have significant effects on environmental degradation. Those results are also confirmed by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model. In addition, the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is developed for Turkey. The DCC model also shows that economic growth increases CO2 emissions significantly, and energy productivity can be considered for decreasing CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major concern for the modern world is to deal with environmental issues without compromising on economic growth targets. Energy use from renewable and nuclear sources offers a solution to this issue. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to examine the nexus between disaggregated energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions. To this end, a sophisticated econometric technique proposed by Machado and Silva (J Econom 213:145–173, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2019.04.009) is used for a sample of 107 countries during 1996–2014. For robustness analysis, fixed and random effect with Driscoll Kraay standard errors model is used. The findings revealed an inverted N-shape EKC showing that nuclear and renewable energy alleviate pollution while non-renewable energy enhances it. Interestingly, the impact of nuclear and renewable energy is stronger at lower quantiles than at higher ones. Findings highlight the need for promoting nuclear and renewable energy to combat environmental challenges. Therefore, an adequate plan promoting the use of renewable energy should be established to ensure successful energy transition and reap its benefits in terms of economic development and environmental protection. In addition, important policy implications are suggested based on the findings of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the potential impact of economic growth, carbon emissions, trade, and energy use on tourism development in Pakistan from 1980 to 2018. This study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged technique for the simultaneous estimations of short and long-run associations. The study found a positive impact of energy use, economic growth, and trade openness on tourism development in the short and long run. On the other hand, the study reveals a negative impact of CO2 emissions on tourism development in Pakistan. The study further applied an innovative accounting approach for robust results of the study. The study based on Toda Yamamoto causality approach revealed unidirectional causal association among the study variables. The results, thus, suggest the change in investment decisions as the government and policy makers should encourage investments in services sector rather than polluting industrial sector as the services sector is less polluting and leading sector of the economy. This, in turn, could help attract tourists due to environmentally and economically sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Union (EU) countries pay meticulous attention to environmental issues and achieve carbon-free development. In this direction, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and extending renewable energy are the primary goals. At the same time, the energy price and declining energy efficiency increase countries' environmental expenditures and hinder their capabilities for economic growth. Against this backdrop, this research aims to examine the influence of environmental regulations, renewable energy, and energy efficiency on green economic growth. The originality of the study is twofold: first, it evaluates the green economic growth of a country, which simultaneously reveals the options for economic growth and the capability to eliminate its negative effect on the environment by applying the Global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index; second, it develops an econometric model based on panel data for EU countries for 2000–2020 to investigate the nonlinear impact of environmental regulations, the effect of extending renewable energies, and the growth of energy efficiency on a country's green economic growth. The study applies the following methodology: a system generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis. The empirical results confirm the U-shape, nonlinear impact of environmental regulations on a country's green economic growth along with a gradual increase in energy efficiency. In addition, the findings indicate that renewable energy is crucial for furthering a country's green economic growth. At the same time, environmental regulation has a significant role in extending renewable energy. The study results could be used as the basis for implementing green economic growth for EU countries and improving the policy of carbon-free development of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]