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A leverage points perspective recognises different levels of systemic depth, ranging from the relatively shallow levels of parameters and feedbacks to the deeper levels of system design and intent. Analysing a given social-ecological system for its characteristics across these four levels of systemic depth provides a useful diagnostic to better understand sustainability problems, and can complement other types of cause-and-effect systems modelling. Moreover, the structured comparison of multiple systems can highlight whether sustainability challenges in different systems have a similar origin (e.g. similar feedbacks or similar design). We used a leverage points perspective to systematically compare findings from three in-depth social-ecological case studies, which investigated rural landscapes in southeastern Australia, central Romania, and southwestern Ethiopia. Inductive coding of key findings documented in over 60 empirical publications was used to generate synthesis statements of key findings in the three case studies. Despite major socioeconomic and ecological differences, many synthesis statements applied to all three case studies. Major sustainability problems occurred at the design and intent levels. For example, at the intent level, all three rural landscapes were driven by goals and paradigms that mirrored a productivist green revolution discourse. Our paper thus highlights that there are underlying challenges for rural sustainability across the world, which appear to apply similarly across strongly contrasting socioeconomic contexts. Sustainability interventions should be mindful of such deep similarities in system characteristics. We conclude that a leverage points perspective could be used to compare many other types of social-ecological systems around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature suggests ethnic diversity has a negative effect on development. Yet, we also know that government policies—e.g., recognizing multiple languages in minority-sizable areas—can attenuate these effects. In this paper, we ask: What are the socioeconomic implications of minority language recognition? We leverage a legal stipulation in Romania as a quasi-experiment: Minority languages are recognized as official in areas where the minority constitutes more than 20% of the population. We argue the recognition of minority languages builds social trust and facilitates efficiency in economic exchanges—mollifying the otherwise detrimental consequences of diversity. Using data at the municipality level, we find that in areas where only Romanian is recognized, ethnic diversity has a negative effect on development—a result consistent with the literature. This effect, however, is absent in areas where a minority language is recognized. The implications suggest that lowering the threshold for language recognition could promote even further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the creation of a historical reference map of the mid-southern region of Transylvania (nowadays in central Romania) in 1848. This area was shaped by the presence of the Transylvanian Saxons, the ethnic German descendants of the settlers invited here by the kings of Hungary during the High Middle Ages. Transylvania became part of the Habsburg Empire at the end of the seventeenth century and was elevated to the status of a Grand Principality in 1765. The map is primarily based on historical cartographic documents and written publications, but also integrates digital geo-spatial datasets. It was produced at a scale of 1:400 000 and includes the hydrography, the administrative boundaries, the main roads, the postal stations and all the settlements attested in the Transylvanian Saxon administrative subdivisions before the mid-nineteenth century [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at investigating Coriolan Petranu's ideas regarding the origins and influences of the Romanian wooden architecture of Transylvania as reflected by his works. These aspects play a central role in his writings. Petranu's core belief is that the Romanian wooden religious architecture is profoundly original, influencing the art of neighbouring regions and peoples, and that it has been only slightly influenced by the major Western stiles of masonry architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is concerned with the study of two rare items from the collections of the Brukenthal Museum. These are two whimsey bottles with religious theme, one containing a miniature altar and the other a reconstitution of the scene of the crucifixion, with the symbols traditionally linked with this moment. The first one of these bottles can be dated exclusively based on similar items. It is probably a product of the 18th Century made in the former territories of Medieval Hungary. The second item contains a note with the exact dating - 1889 and its origin - the hospital in Sibiu. Both items belong to a category of items very rare in Transylvania, but they help us integrate this area into a greater area of Europe where these items were more frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a large number of cases, especially in the Romanian mass-media, when recorded events are not exactly located in their rightful territorial place. This imprecise information which in some cases, represent the news headlines, may become really annoying for the viewer, especially when they are constantly repeated. This paper was written in order to support the news editors in mass media and other scientific fields, to give an accurate geographical location of different activities, events, and phenomena, which are the object of mass media news, in the geographical and historical provinces of Romania. Concerning the above mentioned information, it can be noticed that there seems to be no problem regarding the geographical and historical provinces in the East (Moldavia), South-East (Dobrudja) and South of Romania (Muntenia and Oltenia). On the other hand, in the central and western parts of Romania, a shadow is cast over the boundaries of the provinces, and this is what the paper is supposed to clarify. These provinces are defined, on one hand, by geographical features (morphology, climate, drainage, vegetation, soil, soil and mineral resources, population and settlements, human activities and the products obtained by the inhabitants of different territories) and, on the other hand, by historical facts, that have happened throughout the time, which helped clarifying the shape and the geographical location of the provinces, especially in the central and western parts of Romania. Eight historical and geographical provinces are well defined within Romania: Transylvania (in the centre of Romania), Banat, Crisana, Maramures (the western part of Romania), Moldavia (in the East), Dobrudja (in the South-East), Muntenia and Oltenia (in the South). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal remains and phytoliths deriving from the Early Neolithic site of Rapoltu Mare-Seghi (Hunedoara County, Romania) are used for obtaining data regarding the palaeoenvironment of a Starčevo-Cris community. Bioarchaeological information in this paper is important considering that the beginning of the neolithization in the southwest Transylvania is still poorly documented. Archaeozoological analysis offers information on the settlement palaeoeconomy and phytoliths are reliable markers for the vegetal environment in this area. The most animal remains come from domestic mammals, especially cattle (Bos taurus) and sheep / goat (Ovis aries / Capra hircus); few remains of dog (Canis familiaris) and wild mammals (aurochs -- Bos primigenius and wild boar -- Sus scrofa) have been also identified. The absence of pig (Sus domesticus) suggests that the Starčevo-Cris community of Rapoltu Mare-Seghi had a high mobility, specific to shepherds. Phytoliths assemblages show the net dominance of grasses, several subfamilies of Poaceae family being attested. ELONGATE DENDRITIC forms are quite well represented, suggesting an anthropogenic accumulation; but it does not just mean that the cereal cultivation was practiced by the Rapoltu Mare-Seghi community. Bioarchaeological data indicate an open environment around the settlement, where people bred especially cattle and sheep/goat flocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the current state of eco-touristic destinations in the Transylvanian region of Romania, with special attention on the supply and characteristics of ecological tours and its impact on the local community, the environment and the economy. The analysis, in the first place, is based on an exploratory analysis, which identifies the main stakeholders. Afterwards primary data, collected through a structured online questionnaire, present on one hand the approach of the tour operators and tour guides towards the organization of ecological tours, on the other hand, the perception of the customers towards eco-touristic products. The results indicate that a high percentage of tour operators and tour guides show indifferent attitude towards the organization of ecological tours. However, most of the stakeholders are aware of the fact that in order to preserve our natural sites, on one hand, there is a high need to increase the ecological tour offer and on the other hand, it is crucial to educate both the tourists and the local community. The customers, depending on their socio-economic status and educational level, fall in very different groups when the principles of sustainability are to be kept in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on meteorological stations data and statistical methods. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures (from the period 2004-2013) were studied from 22 meteorological stations of Transylvania (s.s.). Factor analysis reveals that temperature inversions are present mainly in winter. Two dominant factors were found, the first is the presence of the depressionar areas, and the second the neighbouring with high relief forms. It is remarkable that Târnăveni (523 m altitude) have approximately the same factor loading for these two factors (that can explain why there are frequently higher minimum temperatures compared to nearest station, Târgu Mureş-308 m). Additional, daily maximum and minimum temperature from the period 1978-2013 were studied as regard Joseni (750 m) and Bucin (1282 m). Half of the cases, minimum temperature in Joseni is lower than in Bucin. There is no significant trend (at 0.05 levels) regarding yearly number of temperature inversion (taking into account maximum and minimum temperatures). Both in case of maximum and minimum temperature of these two stations, in most cases temperature inversions are related to "anticyclone located east of the Carpathian Basin" and "anticyclone located over the Carpathian Basin" (based on Péczely's circulation types). To be mentioned that all minimum temperatures under -25 ºC registered at Joseni in that period, were due to temperature inversions. On 3 February 1996, in Bucin minimum temperature was -6.4 ºC, while in Joseni have been recorded -27.6 ºC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE GOAL OF THIS PAPER IS TO PRESENT THE WAY IN WHICH THE PUBLICATION OF THE VEREIN FUR SIEBENBÜRGISCHE LANDESKUNDE (VfSL), THE CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION OF THE SAXONS FROM TRANSYLVANIA, HAVE DEALED WITH ECONOMICAL SUBJECTS AND METHODS OF MODERNISATION BACK IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY. IN ORDER TO SHOW THIS, THE PAPER IS DEVIDED INTO THREE MAIN PARTS, THE FIRST ONE CONTAINING THEORETICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE RELEVANT ECONOMICAL PATHS IN THE HABSBURG EMPIRE. FURTHERMORE WE DIG DEEPER IN THE PROBLEMS OF MODERNISATION BY PRESENTING THE IMPORTANT ECONOMICAL THEORIES FROM THAT TIME. IN COMPARISON, WE ARE ALSO MAPPING THE SITUATION IN TRANSYLVANIA, A PLACE LARGELY DOMINATED BY ARCHAIC METHODS REGARDING AGRICULTURE, SUPERSTITIONS AND MISBELIEVE REGARDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MODERNISATION METHODS. IN ADDITION TO THIS, THE LAST PART OF THE PAPER WILL CONTAIN THE RESULT OF OUR RESEARCH IN THE PERIODICALS OF THE VfSL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the essential aspects regarding the accessibility by applying an assessment model of the accessibility of the administrative territorial units (ATU) within Transylvania. The methodology used for the calculation of the accessibility coefficient is based on the analysis of the distance between point A and point B, calculating the distance based on satellite points. An analysis of the obtained results regarding the accessibility by road in different administrative territorial units, show that these units have recorded a higher coefficient such as Cluj- Napoca, Sibiu, Târgu Mureş, Huedin, Iernut, Teius, Alba Iulia, while other most inaccessible territorial units are located in the mountain areas of the Alba, Cluj, Bistriţa- Nāsāud, Harghita, Covasna and Hunedoara counties. Following the analysis of the obtained results regarding the accessibility we can calculate the accessibility level of relief units (eg. Trascāu Mountains - 7.4 points or Hârtibaciu Tableland - 6.17 points). The values obtained as a result of this analysis can be used in the future local, micro-regional or regional studies which will also comprise elements of accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains informations regarding more than 60 ancient, medieval and modern coins unearthed in Transylvania, in Sibiu, Alba, Hundoara, Braşov and Cluj districts. Some of the items exist in the Brukenthal Museum's numismatic collection while for others only mentions from old inventory registers or publications survived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of intercultural education today is understood as the answer of the education system to the challenges of the society's multiculturalism. Starting with the ideas about the development of this concept and its fields of pedagogical practice, the present paper explores the intercultural aspects of the German and Hungarian minority education in Transylvania. It reveals some intercultural tendencies and challenges of the educational system and the multicultural society from Romania contrasting with the changes of the educational system from the last 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconstruction of the geographical landscape and of its spatial functions requires, on the behalf of the scientist, an inventory of all the factors with impact in structuring the landscape: geological, geomorphologic, climatic, hydrologic, biopedogeographic, human-made, geopolitical, cultural-historical, etc. The impact of the climatic and human-made factors is relevant for the Transylvanian factors through a substitution of the landscape functions during the last century. From a predominantly agrarian exploitation of the Transylvanian space (cultivation of cereals, technical plants, vegetables, pasturage, fishing), it turned to an increasing exploitation of construction rocks (lime stones, tuffs, sands and gravels) and wood (deciduous in particular), and also to a touristic development of the salty regions (balneal, climatic, cultural-historic and sport tourism). The methodology used in elaborating this paper comprises: an analysis of the climatic data on time series; reconstruction of the land usage systems; an analysis of the river beds dynamics as a result of the increasing exploitation of gravels and sands; an analysis of the human impact territorial models. The correlation between these precipitation values and the geomorphic processes in the Transylvanian environment, arguments the changes in the flowing regime of the rivers, the activation of some old landslides or generation of new ones, the elimination from the productive circuit of large agricultural and forested territories. The increasing of the primary resources exploitation especially that of wood and gravels, led to a major destabilization of the river-slope system, with long-term consequences. The materialization of impact is felt in the plane spatial dynamics of the Transylvanian river channels, in the mobilization on slopes of the deluvial materials, in the intensification of the linear erosion, in a decrease of the agricultural and forested areas, in a ruderalization of vegetation etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian Oltul Mijlociu-Cibin-Hârtibaciu Natura 2000 site of community importance (SCI) was designated for the purpose of protecting biodiversity and maintaining the wild flora and fauna in a favourable conservation status, as well as the natural habitats of conservation interest. This research focused on the possible disparition of one protected fish species Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the appearance of an alien one Babka gymnotrachelus (Kessler, 1857), as ecological indicators of the fact that at least this Natura 2000 site is far from being properly protected and a new, more responsible way should be followed and different administrators put in charge of the areas management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of a 8.1 m long peat sequence from Tăul fărăfund ("Bottomless Lake," Transylvanian Basin, Northern Romania) offers a series representing wetland development since the Middle Holocene. The most striking feature of the sequence is a cca. 900 year-long hiatus caused by peatcutting in the 14th century AD. An artificial reservoir was constructed there in the Late Middle Ages by the excavation of the uppermost peat layer, afflicting a significant environmental impact on this remote location. One of the oldest documented Hungarian settlements from the time of the Hungarian Kingdom (11th century AD, presumably with previous history) in Transylvania was discovered in the vicinity of the former reservoir by an archaeological field survey. By harmonising historical data and the exact chronological sequence of the borehole, the creation of the reservoir was inserted into the local history of the developing mediaeval settlement network at the time when some of the early settlements had been abandoned and a permanent village was established, with a church and upscale landowners, in the area of present-day Băgău in the 13th to 14th century AD. Significant environmental impacts have emerged during this transitional period around the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents some new contributions to the Collembola fauna of the county Sălaj in Transylvania (Romania), a region the springtails of which is practically unexplored. 19 species are reported, one of them (Sminthurus nigromaculatus Tullberg, 1871) is new to the fauna of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening and linkage to care are core, foundational strategies for HIV transmission prevention and for identifying People Living with HIV (PLHIV). In Romania - with an atypical experience in the HIV/AIDS epidemic - providing care for HIV+ patients identified early is a priority, though screening and testing can pose a challenge in some areas.Methods: A survey of 125 clinical providers to explore important dimensions of HIV/ AIDS clinical care was conducted in Transylvania and Moldavia, where clinicians identified poor/ latent screening as a major problem in providing timely care and in preventing the spread of disease. We analyzed determinants of offering HIV screening/testing to patients using Pearson Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Logistic regression generated Odds Ratios (OR) to reflect the magnitude of association between the relevant variables, with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) indicating statistical range.Results: In total, 40.8% of providers did not provide HIV screening/testing to at least one segment of the population. Hospital-based providers were significantly more likely to offer HIV screening/testing to all segments than were non-hospital-based providers (58.1% v. 35.5%, respectively; p < .05). Providers located within institutions with screening/testing policies were more likely to offer such services to their patients (p < .05). Overall, 94.4% of providers indicated interest in more training around HIV screening/testing.Discussion: Reaching Romanian and global goals for reducing HIV require more timely screening and action based on positive status. Romanian clinicians are interested in expanding HIV screening/testing and are interested in participating in training that helps them feel more prepared to undertake this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large, old trees are keystone ecological structures, their decline having disproportional ecological consequences. There is virtually no information available regarding the status and occurrence of old trees in traditional cultural landscapes from Eastern Europe. In this study, we explore the environmental determinants of the old oaks found in wood-pastures from a changing traditional rural landscape from Central Romania. Both the old oaks and the wood-pastures harboring them have exceptional cultural, historical, and ecological values, yet are vulnerable to land-use change. We surveyed 41 wood-pastures from Southern Transylvania and counted the old oaks in them. We then related the number of old oaks from these wood-pastures to a set of local and landscape level variables related to wood-pastures. We found 490 old oaks in 25 wood-pastures. The number of old oaks was positively related to the size of the wood-pasture and the amount of pasture and forest around it (500 m buffer), and negatively related to the proximity of the village. Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between the effects of sheepfolds in the wood-pasture and the size of the wood-pasture on the number of old trees, indicating a negative influence of sheepfolds on the number of old trees in smaller sized wood-pastures. There is an increasing risk for losing old trees in the traditional cultural landscapes due to the lack of formal recognition of these trees. Therefore, while presenting the positive example of local initiatives and citizen science, we argue for an urgent development and implementation of conservation policies along with education strategies targeting the old trees and rural communities from the changing traditional cultural landscapes of Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study regards, as its main topic, the possibility of establishing at present, a geodemographical entity on Romania's territory, since certain representatives of the Hungarian ethnical minority in our country, and with a particular insistence of those in the vicinity of the western border, always remember to bring into view the problem of establishing an autonomy, common to a Szekely Land, located in the central area of our country, which would include Mure§, Harghita and Covasna counties. Without carrying out a detailed account of this situation, it needs to be mentioned, just as it will emerge of the following presentation, that such an approach has neither the most reduced geodemographical support, since the Szeklers, after being assimilated by the Hungarian ethnic group, are no longer present at the census of 20 October 2011. By taking into account the above mentioned aspects, in order to be able to respond to the insistent requests for autonomy in Transylvania, we proceeded to highlight, through a fairly detailed approach of the Hungarian ethnical minority, obviously in point of the number of inhabitants and of their distribution on Romania's territory, resulting of this the fact that the number of Hungarians is of 1,227,623 people, value which related to those 20,121,641 inhabitants of Romania, means 6.10%. The total number of mentioned Hungarians is characterized by a pronounced concentration on Romania's territory, standing out by creating a corridor with a diagonal aspect, on the northwest-southeast direction, consisting of seven counties, the first four (Satu Mare, Bihor, Salaj and Cluj) being registered with 2.01% (404,561 inhabitants) of those 6.10% Hungarians, the following three (Mure§, Harghita and Covasna) accounting for 3.03% (609,033 inhabitants), and hence in the corridor are present 5.04% (1,013,594 Hungarians) of 6.10% at the level of the entire country. The above mentioned corridor is surrounded by a ring of 11 counties (Maramure§, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Suceava, Neam£ Bacau, Vrancea, Buzau, Bra§ov, Sibiu, Alba and Arad), in which there are only 0.76% (153,397 people) of the Hungarians living in Romania, while in the other 18 counties and Bucharest municipality, the Hungarian ethnic group enrolls only with 0.30% (60,632 people) at national level (Table 7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginnings of education in Transylvania are owed to villages, priests and monks, thus were lost in the mists of time. Although there were official concerns for educating the faithful since medieval times, the first Romanian schools in southwestern Transylvania - space circumscribed from the administrative-territorial point of view to current Hunedoara County - appear only in the eighteenth century. However, the Orthodox religious education is linked, unquestionably, with the name of great patriot and scholar Andrei ?aguna, secretary of the Metropolitan Consistory of Karlovac (1835-1842), professor at the Romanian Department of the Theological Seminary in Vršac (1842-1846), abbot of Coville monastery (1845-1846), general vicar (1846-1848), then bishop (1848-1864) and metropolitan (1864-1873) of the Greek- Eastern Romanian Diocese not united with Rome of Transylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphologic Aggradation, Expression of the Climatic Changes -Situations and Structures Specific for Romania -- Transylvania. The geomorphostructures, when defined as formations of accumulation with dynamic and grading organisation, are considered to be the expression of the factors involved in the dislocation, transport and redepositing processes. Geomorphologic sensitivity plays, in this case, an essential role. The formation, the increase or decrease of the morphostructures set up through aggradation or degradation phenomena, give hints about the changes of the factors responsible with the dislocation, transport and depositing. At the same time, the changes in grading, as well as those in the mineralogical composition and configuration of the morphostructures, illustrate the differentiation in time and space of the control variables actions. The study of some geomorphostructures in the Transylvanian Basin, such as alluvial beds, deposit fan structures (gullies, torrents), basal glacisses, lake sediments, evidentiated the role of the climate as a relief factor. As regarding the slopes, due to an accelerate erosion, an increase of the alluvial fans and of the basal glacises was noticed. The lake basins in the Transylvanian Plain are also characterized by an increase in the sedimentary deposits as a result of the inputs from the surrounding areas. On the whole, the morphostructures dimension, referring both to their volumes and geometry (configuration), is influenced by the various material inputs and by differences in the dynamic (transport) process (slopes and river beds), all these in the context of a general increase of the "dryness" (aridity) phenomenon. The rhythmgrams of the various sediments (lake, fluvial) clearly illustrate the sequence of the climatic manifestations, as well as the general trend towards heating and dryness (aridization). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study focuses on the impact analysis of contemporary geomorphological processes on tourism activities in the diapiric regions of Transylvania. The methodology implies identifying the causes of geomorphological processes that induce territory's vulnerability and restrict tourist activities. Inside the study area, in the anticlines of Praid - Sovata and Turda, the saliferous geomorphosites were identified, along with the geomorphological processes and human activities that lead to their deterioration. The study required the use of topographical maps (1:50000 scale), aerial photographs and orthophotomaps besides the field investigations. The methodology led to the identification of the opportunities offered by the diapir geomorphologic landscape in order to outline complementary or alternative tourist activities that would ensure permanent tourist activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the Transylvanian village and communal seals (18th -19th century) from the counties Alba, Braşov, Mureş, Neamt, Salaj and Sibiu. There are 26 seals incised or excised, accompanied by a legend written in Latin, German, Hungarian or Romanian. Most of the seals include in the emblem an earmark for animals; others contain images related to fauna or different illustrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the lead-up to the World War I Paris Peace Conference the United States convened The Inquiry — a group of leading scholars — to propose equitable terms, including new borders, for the final peace settlements. In many areas throughout Europe, among them Transylvania, coming to a settlement that fully accounted for Wood row Wilson's principle of self-determination proved difficult. Hungary's populace comprised many nationalities, some very hostile toward Romania, the state that eventually acquired the entire region. In this article I analyze how the American plan differed from that finally adopted at the conference and how closely The Inquiry's plan for Transylvania followed the principles laid out by President Wilson in his famous "Fourteen Points," which provided the basis for American participation in World War I. The ethnic mix within Transylvania made it an especially difficult region in which to apply Wilsonian principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic conception of nationhood that came into question in the middle of the twentieth century has been further discredited by recent scholarly works on nation building and nationalism. These works reject the essentialist or primordial notion of nationhood and describe how empowered groups pursuing their own interests constructed modern nations. The primary intention of these "constructionist" approaches is to contrast the conceptualization of nationhood with a population's sense of pre-modern identity and to demonstrate how and why elites instituted the concept of the nation throughout the world. They explain especially well the initial emergence of nationalist movements, but they largely ignore the agency of non-elites who are all too often regarded as disinterested, passive subjects. By focusing on elites, scholars have been able to describe cultures and traditions as "retrospective inventions" without explaining how or why the masses came to accept "artificial creations" as part of their natural heritage. Their arguments do not account for either the initial attractiveness or the persistence of the national paradigm for non-capitalist, non-elite communities, like rural nineteenth-century Transylvania. A better understanding of how the national paradigm in rural societies achieved widespread acceptance is gained from an investigation of the connections between living social memories and deliberate efforts to make the idea of the nation meaningful for the entire national community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents the evolution of a work in the concourse of events of the epoch, a work which had completely been validated in the landscape of Romanian culture. Starting from the correspondence of the historian Coriolan Suciu, which can be found in the collections of the "Lucian Blaga" Central University Library, we can reconstruct the endeavours of the researcher to see the work of his life printed. The investigation of the Dictionary allows us to include this type of preoccupation in the intellectual climate of Central Europe on account of the effort of creating fundamental instruments for the work of the researcher. Finally, the study throws light on the person of a Transylvanian intellectual, a researcher in the field of history in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]