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The energy transition requires optimal knowledge of the thermal behaviour of different passive strategies. This paper explores the impact of 28 variables representing 4 shading devices, 5 external wall compositions (Uw), 3 window types (Uw), 4 window-to-wall ratios (WWR), 4 types of climates represented by 4 cities, and 8 orientations. Applying the Latin hypercube sampling method, a campaign of 300 dynamic thermal simulations is performed to assess the impact of the variables selected using the weighted generalised linear regression method for the energy demand for air conditioning, the energy demand for lighting, and the environmental impact expressed in kg of CO2. The model of energy demand for cooling (R² = 0.951) shows that the weather data is the variable that most explains energy demand, followed by the glazing ratio, the thermal characteristics of external walls, and shading devices. The model explaining the energy demand for lighting (R² = 0.945) shows that the WWR and shading devices, the weather data, and the orientation, influence the energy demand for lighting. Finally, the model explaining the embodied carbon footprint (kg of CO2) (R² = 0.989) shows that external walls and window type are the main influencing factors. Finally, the best combination for balancing the cooling-lighting-embodied carbon balance equation is discussed.

Statistical analysis of the time-to-event scenarios commonly involves the use of the exponential and Rayleigh distributions. However, the exponential distribution is constrained by its constant failure rate, while the Rayleigh distribution exhibits a growing (or increasing) failure rate. The linear failure rate distribution provides a broader perspective by encompassing both of these distributions, including the possibility of a non-increasing hazard function. In this paper, a new distribution is introduced, which could be considered as one of the major modifications to the linear failure rate distribution, known as the weighted linear failure rate distribution. The model proposed illustrates both monotonic and a known non-monotonic failure rate. This paper extensively explores the characteristics of the proposed distribution. It presents the maximum likelihood estimates for the unknown parameters and includes a simulation study. The analysis focuses on three real data sets obtained from the fields of musical education and engineering. By employing three decisive tools, it is observed that the current distribution provides a superior fit in comparison to several other widely recognized distributions.

This paper examines the use of inverse multibody system simulations, focusing on its application in the automotive industry, particularly in the context of motorcycle dynamics. The study emphasizes the importance of accurately measuring various parameters, including the calibration of sensors and the determination of motorcycle kinematical description and weight distribution to build an accurate vehicle model. The research highlights the significance of the presented method in evaluating tire characteristics through different manoeuvres, such as ride resistances, longitudinal and lateral behaviours, and their combined dynamics. The results presented, demonstrate the correlation between the calculated tire forces and the motorcycle’s acceleration during these manoeuvres. However, the study acknowledges challenges, such as potential inaccuracies due to the rider’s movements and the limitations associated with sensor error and noise. The paper suggests potential remedies discussed in earlier research, urging further investigation into improving measurement accuracy and reliability in inverse multibody system simulations for motorcycles.

In this study, the notion of composite materials is thoroughly assessed. Actual and simulation in a specific computer software stress testing of hybrid composites are investigated. The paper deals with the mechanics of rigid bodies, their elasticity, strength, and stiffness. In addition to a general overview of the former’s behavior and properties, this paper presents the possibility of calculating the bearing capacity of various materials in relevant computer programs. The production and testing process of the composite samples are described. The latter are then subjected to simulated tests in computer software. The main objective of this study is to compare real test results of hybrid composites, namely combined carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid-carbon fibers, aramid honeycomb, and metal mesh with the simulation findings.

During the wood milling process, the milling cutter will jeopardize the continuity and integrity of wood fibres, resulting in the surface roughness not meeting the requirements. Surface roughness is an important indicator to assess the surface quality of wood products, which has a great impact on its subsequent sealing performance, painting and decorative quality. Therefore, the surface roughness requirements should be factored in when designing the machining process and determining the machining allowance. This paper uses a computer numerical control (CNC) woodworking milling machine to process camphor wood products. During this processing experiment, the paper analyses the impact of changes in major processing parameters on the surface roughness of wood products, such as spindle speed, feed rate, movement trajectory, milling depth, along and against the grain. When it comes to the state of the wood product surface not meeting the subsequent process requirements after milling, further measures are proposed for ablative finishing treatment. In order to find the best way to remove the surface burr without damaging the base surface, the surface burr of milling wood was studied and analyzed from the micro-angle. Using scanning electron microscopy along with microscopic imaging technology to observe and analyse, the paper establishes an ablation model of processing surface burrs and conducts simulation analysis of the influence of parameter changes, to provide some theoretical basis for practical production and related research.

This paper deals with a simulation assessment of the impact of the introduction of ETCS L2 and L3 on the capacity of railway lines. The simulation itself is carried out in the OpenTrack simulation software, especially in the tool headway calculator. For this research, an infrastructure model has been built, which represents a typical layout of lines and stations in the Czech Republic. By successive modifications of the model, the significance of the impact of the implementation of ATP systems on the capacity of lines can be simulated. In the paper, the influence of the implementation of different application levels of ATP systems on the capacity of railway lines is evaluated.

The paper presents the programming and program verification of industrial robots that perform machining tasks. The paper considers the different methods for robot programming and the possibilities for configuring virtual robots for machining simulation and program verification for such tasks.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has had a huge impact on manufacturing processes and products. With rapidly growing technology, new solutions are being implemented in the field of digital representations of a physical product. This approach can provide benefits in terms of cost and testing time savings. In order to test and reflect the operation of an electric car, a digital twin model was designed. The paper collects all the information and standards necessary to transform the idea into a real and virtual model of an electric car. The significance and impact of the study on the improvement of the project are described. The research stand, correlations of components (DC and AC motors, shaft, and wheel of the electric car), and development prospects are presented in the paper. The communication method with the research stand is also presented. The digital twin should communicate in real time, which means obtaining the correct output when the input changes; the input is the AC motor current, and the output is the rotational speed of the DC motor. The relation between inputs and outputs are tested. The kinematics of the electric car are modelled in LabVIEW. The results obtained are compared with historic racing data. The track is also modeled based on satellite data, taking into account changes in terrain height, using the SG Telemetry Viewer application. The parameters of the electric car engine model are tuned based on actual data on the car’s speed and current in the electric motor. The achieved results are presented and then discussed.

Mathematical modelling is an effective tool for understanding the complex structures and behaviors of natural phenomena, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by a life-threatening virus called SARS-CoV-2. It has rapidly spread across the world in the last three years, including Malaysia. Adopting a novel system dynamics approach, this paper aims to explain how mathematics can play a significant role in modelling the COVID-19 spread and suggests practical methods for controlling it. It forecasts the data of infected (I), recovered (R) and death (D) cases for decision-making. This paper proposes a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Death (SEIRD) model with time-varying parameters considering the sporadic cases, the reinfection cases, the implementation of a movement control order, and the percentage of humans abiding by the rules to forecast future growth patterns of COVID-19 in Malaysia and to study the effects of the consideration on the number of forecasted COVID-19 cases, during the pre-vaccination period. This study implemented the preliminary stage of forecasting the COVID-19 data using the proposed SEIRD model and highlighted the importance of parameter optimization. The mathematical model is solved numerically using built-in Python function ‘odeint’ from the Scipy library, which by default uses LSODA algorithm from the Fortran library Odepack that adopts the integration method of non-stiff Adams and stiff Backward Differentiation (BDF) with automatic stiffness detection and switching. This paper suggests that the effects of factors of sporadic cases, reinfection cases, government intervention of movement control order and population behavior are important to be studied through mathematical modelling as it helps in understanding the more complex behavior of COVID-19 transmission dynamics in Malaysia and further helps in decision-making. ABSTRAK: Pemodelan matematik adalah alat berkesan bagi memahami struktur kompleks dan tingkah laku fenomena semula jadi, seperti penyakit coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), iaitu penyakit berjangkit yang disebabkan oleh virus pengancam nyawa yang dipanggil SARS-CoV-2. Ia telah merebak dengan pantas ke seluruh dunia sejak tiga tahun lepas, termasuk Malaysia. Mengguna pakai pendekatan baharu sistem dinamik, kajian ini bertujuan bagi menerangkan bagaimana matematik boleh memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk model penyebaran COVID-19, dan mencadangkan kaedah praktikal bagi mengawalnya. Model ini dapat meramalkan data sebenar kes yang dijangkiti, pulih dan kematian bagi membuat keputusan. Kajian ini mencadangkan model populasi Rentan-Terdedah-Terjangkiti-Pulih-Mati (SEIRD) yang diubah suai bersama parameter masa berbeza seperti kes sporadis, kes jangkitan semula, pelaksanaan perintah kawalan pergerakan, dan peratusan manusia patuh peraturan bagi meramal pertumbuhan corak kes COVID-19 di Malaysia pada masa hadapan dan mengkaji kesan–kesan pertimbangan parameter tersebut ke atas bilangan kes COVID-19 yang diramalkan ketika tempoh sebelum vaksinasi. Kajian ini melaksanakan peringkat awal ramalan data COVID-19 menggunakan model SEIRD yang dicadangkan dan menekankan kepentingan pengoptimuman parameter. Model matematik ini diselesaikan secara berangka menggunakan fungsi terbina Python ‘odeint’ daripada perpustakaan Scipy, yang menggunakan algoritma LSODA daripada perpustakaan Fortran Odepack menerusi kaedah penyepaduan Adams tidak kaku dan Pembezaan Belakang (BDF) kaku dengan pengesanan dan pertukaran kekakuan automatik. Kajian ini mencadangkan kesan faktor kes sporadis, kes jangkitan semula, campur tangan kerajaan terhadap perintah kawalan pergerakan dan tingkah laku penduduk adalah penting untuk dikaji melalui pemodelan matematik kerana ia membantu dalam memahami tingkah laku yang lebih kompleks dalam dinamik penularan COVID-19 di Malaysia dan seterusnya membantu dalam membuat keputusan. ABSTRAK: Pemodelan matematik adalah alat berkesan bagi memahami struktur kompleks dan tingkah laku fenomena semula jadi, seperti penyakit coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), iaitu penyakit berjangkit yang disebabkan oleh virus pengancam nyawa yang dipanggil SARS-CoV-2. Ia telah merebak dengan pantas ke seluruh dunia sejak tiga tahun lepas, termasuk Malaysia. Mengguna pakai pendekatan baharu sistem dinamik, kajian ini bertujuan bagi menerangkan bagaimana matematik boleh memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk model penyebaran COVID-19, dan mencadangkan kaedah praktikal bagi mengawalnya. Model ini dapat meramalkan data sebenar kes yang dijangkiti, pulih dan kematian bagi membuat keputusan. Kajian ini mencadangkan model populasi Rentan-Terdedah-Terjangkiti-Pulih-Mati (SEIRD) yang diubah suai bersama parameter masa berbeza seperti kes sporadis, kes jangkitan semula, pelaksanaan perintah kawalan pergerakan, dan peratusan manusia patuh peraturan bagi meramal pertumbuhan corak kes COVID-19 di Malaysia pada masa hadapan dan mengkaji kesan–kesan pertimbangan parameter tersebut ke atas bilangan kes COVID-19 yang diramalkan ketika tempoh sebelum vaksinasi. Kajian ini melaksanakan peringkat awal ramalan data COVID-19 menggunakan model SEIRD yang dicadangkan dan menekankan kepentingan pengoptimuman parameter. Model matematik ini diselesaikan secara berangka menggunakan fungsi terbina Python ‘odeint’ daripada perpustakaan Scipy, yang menggunakan algoritma LSODA daripada perpustakaan Fortran Odepack menerusi kaedah penyepaduan Adams tidak kaku dan Pembezaan Belakang (BDF) kaku dengan pengesanan dan pertukaran kekakuan automatik. Kajian ini mencadangkan kesan faktor kes sporadis, kes jangkitan semula, campur tangan kerajaan terhadap perintah kawalan pergerakan dan tingkah laku penduduk adalah penting untuk dikaji melalui pemodelan matematik kerana ia membantu dalam memahami tingkah laku yang lebih kompleks dalam dinamik penularan COVID-19 di Malaysia dan seterusnya membantu dalam membuat keputusan.

The presented study deals with the space located in the attic of an older building after reconstruction. Originally, the attic space was not used, as it did not have sufficient headroom. The reconstruction was designed in such a way that the entire original pitched roof was gradually raised by 1.2 meters in parts, creating a full-fledged space under the pitched pitched roof. The visual connection of the interior space with the exterior was ensured by continuous strips of vertical windows around the perimeter of the building, each window measuring 600x600 mm. The space is also illuminated by several skylights at roof level, which, although they ensure sufficient penetration of daylight from above into the interior, at the same time allow for considerably unpleasant overheating. The task was to find a way to optimize the size of transparent surfaces and determine the accumulation of building structures in order to achieve an acceptable cumulative effect of daylight and overheating, i.e., permissible increase in indoor air temperature in summer. It means trying to theoretically design a suitable and comfortable interior space in the attic in an already existing building.

The pendulum model is a classic model in physics and has important theoretical and practical significance. In the actual application process of engineering, the characteristic that the simple pendulum has a tendency to always be stable towards the low side of the gravitational potential energy is often used to design the corresponding deformation mechanism as a sensing or control component. In this paper, a deformation structure of a simple pendulum based on this characteristic is analyzed, and a nonlinear dynamic model of the simple pendulum under variable damping is established according to the actual force analysis. Due to the complexity of its analytical solution, this paper adopts the method of numerical analysis to establish a simulation analysis model to analyze the motion pattern of the pendulum when the relative speed and direction of the pendulum and the damper are different and the damping force of the pendulum is different.

Introduction/Purpose: Aircraft present one of the safest and most frequently used means of transport. However, despite taking many security measures, accidents happen. No matter a damage level, if the aircraft somehow manages to land, the most important is to evacuate passengers from the aircraft, fast and safely. Evacuation of aircraft is very complex and depends on many different factors such as a damage degree, presence of fire, speed of passengers, presence of panic and fear, etc. So, it is important to, somehow, as much as possible, predict potential ways of evacuation and potential evacuation strategies and routes. Landed aircraft can be in different conditions so fast and safe evacuation of passengers is very important. The only way to predict safe evacuation routes, to determine proper evacuation strategies and to calculate potential evacuation times needed to leave the aircraft is to use some adequate simulation software. Methods: In this paper, for calculating needed evacuation times and potential evacuation routes, the simulation method was used. Simulations of evacuation scenarios and calculations of evacuation times were realized in Pathfinder software. The simulation model created in Pathfinder was a model of the A 321 aircraft related to its real dimensions. Results: The results of this paper, obtained on an appropriate simulation model of the aircraft with stairs and emergency slides, have shown the evacuation times for two different evacuation scenarios with different speeds of passengers/occupants. Conclusion: A proper evacuation strategy and the fastest evacuation of occupants are crucial for saving lives. Simulation software use in evacuation problems presents a very effective way in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness and prediction. This kind of software presents an obligatory engineering tool for more effective and more precise dealing with evacuation and similar problems. This paper was written to show how simulation software can be used for calculating evacuation times from an airplane on land.

The term "passive house" refers to rigorous and voluntary standards for energy efficiency in a building, reducing its ecological footprint. There are many ways how to build a passive house successfully. These designs as well as construction techniques vary from ordinary timber constructions using packs of straw or constructions of clay. This paper aims to quantify environmental quality of external walls in a passive house, which are made of a timber frame, lightweight concrete blocks and sand-lime bricks in order to determine whether this constructional form provides improved environmental performance. Furthermore, this paper assesses potential benefit of energy savings at heating of houses in which their external walls are made of these three material alternatives. A two storey residential passive house, with floorage of 170.6 m2, was evaluated. Some measurements of air and surface temperatures were done as a calibration etalon for a method of simulation.

Determining the optimal configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) is the key to sustainable energy development. HRESs interface with multiple energy supply systems and need to simultaneously meet different time-varying loads. In this paper, 16 scenarios are formed from four resource conditions and four load types. All feasible HRES configurations for the 16 scenarios are simulated by using HOMER. Nine indexes are selected from three aspects (technology, economy and environment), and a comprehensive evaluation framework is established based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The optimal system in each scenario is selected and compared to assess the impact of resource and load conditions on system design. The results show that, in general, HRESs have a higher comprehensive index rating than single-source renewable energy systems, so HRESs should be considered as a better choice. And the optimal configuration of HRESs, including the size and type of generation devices and the size of energy storage device, is jointly determined by the conditions of energy resources and loads. The methodology presented in this paper can be an effective framework for designing and evaluating HRESs, and the obtained optimal systems can be valuable references for regions with similar resource and load conditions.

This paper concerns the design of the technology for the production of the part by bending and also the design of the forming tool for a small number of pieces of the produced part. The part in question was the oscillating tool blade to cut soft materials. The aim was to design economically advantageous technology to produce this blade without spot welding from two parts, preferably from one semi-finished product. A suitable material for the part and its new shape were designed. Calculations were made for the smallest recommended internal bending radius, the largest allowable bending radius, the smallest length of the bending arm, and the angle of springback after bending. The component’s shape and a suitable blank were determined. A low-cost bending tool was designed. Dynaform simulations were used to analyse deformation, material thickness after bending, and formability. Analyses showed that the designed bending manufacturing process is safe. The bending tool and then the cutting blade test pieces were produced to verify the tool’s functionality. The procedure for designing the manufacturing process and the forming tool presented in the paper can be applied in cases where it is necessary to design a suitable technology to produce a small number of parts by forming to achieve a minimum cost per piece of the manufactured part.

The utilisation of numerical process simulation has greatly facilitated the challenging task of liquid composite moulding (LCM) process optimisation, providing ease of solution evaluation at a significantly reduced cost compared to complete reliance on physical prototyping. However, due to the process complexity, such process simulation is still considerably expensive at present. In this paper, cost-saving approaches to minimising the computational cost of simulation-based optimisation for LCM processes are compiled and discussed. Their specific applicability, efficacy, and suitability for various optimisation/moulding scenarios are extensively explored in detail. The comprehensive analysation and assimilation of their operation alongside applicability for the problem domain of interest are accomplished in this paper to further complement and contribute to future simulation-based optimisation capabilities for composite moulding processes. The importance of balancing the cost-accuracy trade-off is also repeatedly emphasised, allowing for substantial cost reductions while ensuring a desirable level of optimization reliability.

Each building must meet requirements for safe evacuation in order to prevent casualties. Therefore methods for evaluation of evacuation are used when designing buildings. In the paper, calculation methods were tested on three real buildings. The testing used methods of evacuation time calculation pursuant to Slovak standards and evacuation time calculation using the buildingExodus simulation software. If calculation methods have been suitably selected taking into account the nature of evacuation and at the same time if correct values of parameters were entered, we will be able to obtain almost identical times of evacuation in comparison with real results obtained from simulation. The difference can range from 1% to 27%.

This paper presents the results of determining the fatigue crack growth parameters in aluminium alloy specimens 2024-T351 and 7075-T651, with different levels of previous corrosion, in the laboratory environment. Tests were performed, under the same load conditions, for each case of corrosion (without corrosion, 7 days of exposure in a corrosive environment and 30 days of exposure in a corrosive environment). All the tests were performed at room temperature. The analysis of the results includes changes in the basic parameters of fatigue crack growth, depending on the time of exposure to the action of controlled moisture. In addition, this paper gives a brief overview of modern design processes in the environment of computer mechanics and presents the results of the crack growth simulation, using the software package ANSYS.

This paper introduces a discrete simulation model for solving routing and network material flow problems in construction projects. Before the description of the model a detailed literature review is provided. The model is verified using a case study of solving the ready-mix concrete network flow and routing problem in metropolitan area in Croatia. Within this study real-time input parameters were taken into account. Simulation model is structured in Enterprise Dynamics simulation software and Microsoft Excel linked with Google Maps. The model is dynamic, easily managed and adjustable, but also provides good estimation for minimization of costs and realization time in solving discrete routing and material network flow problems.

In this research paper, we present an innovative investigation into a novel two parameter semicircular distribution, termed the “stereographic semicircular Erlang distribution,” which is constructed using the inverse stereographic projection (ISP) technique. This distribution serves as advancement over the existing stereographic semicircular exponential distribution. We delve into essential mathematical properties of this distribution and execute a simulation study to estimate its parameter values. Furthermore, we perform an empirical analysis utilizing a dataset comprising posterior corneal curvature measurements extracted from the eyes of 23 patients. This empirical assessment is designed to evaluate the adaptability and potential applicability of the proposed distribution within the realm of ophthalmology in medical science.

This paper presents a numerical simulation of an impulse gas seal. Impulse gas seals are mechanical seals equipped with feeding grooves on the stator and chambers on the rotor. During rotation, the chambers are fed with high-pressure gas when facing the feeding grooves and then release the high-pressure gas to maintain a gas film between the seal surfaces. The effect of operating conditions and chamber volume on the gas film thickness is studied. It is shown that the gas film thickness variation with pressure, speed, and chamber volume can be described with a power law of a duty parameter. Similar results are obtained for the mass flow rate and friction torque.

In recent years, the modeling of time-to-events has emerged as a highly promising and dynamic research area. This field has witnessed a surge of research studies dedicated to developing novel statistical methodologies aimed at effectively handling time-to-event phenomena. These studies are motivated by the increasing recognition of the importance of time-related factors in various fields such as medicine, epidemiology, finance, and engineering. Researchers have been actively engaged in proposing innovative approaches to address the complexities associated with time-to-event data. The overarching goal is to enhance our understanding of event occurrence and duration, enabling more accurate predictions and informed decision-making. This research encompasses a wide range of topics, including survival analysis, reliability modeling, and event prediction. The motivation behind these research efforts stems from the need to overcome traditional limitations in time-to-event analysis and to explore new avenues for modeling and interpretation. By introducing advanced statistical techniques, researchers seek to capture the intricate dynamics of event processes, considering factors such as censoring, competing risks, and time-varying covariates. The proliferation of research studies in this domain reflects a collective effort to push the boundaries of statistical modeling and analysis, paving the way for more comprehensive and robust methodologies. As researchers continue to delve deeper into the intricacies of time-to-event data, the impact of these advancements extends to diverse applications, ultimately fostering innovation and progress across interdisciplinary fields. This paper adopts and implements a new statistical approach to propose a family of flexible distributions, namely, a new generalized-O family of distributions. For the newly obtained family, certain mathematical properties such as identifiability, quantile function, rth non-central moment, Lorenz curve, incomplete moments, and the expression of the Bonferroni curve are obtained. Furthermore, an extension of the Weibull model is introduced using the newly developed approach, namely, a new generalized Weibull model. The parameters of the new generalized version of the Weibull model are estimated by adopting a well-known estimation approach. Finally, a data set consists of sixty (60) observations representing the times of the survival of some patients infected by the COVID-19 epidemic is analyzed to illustrate the new generalized Weibull model.

Today, photovoltaic (PV) panels represent a large part of total power generation. Photovoltaic cells and modules parameter estimation is a relevant field of research that plays a critical role in PV system modeling and simulation. This paper presents a new simple and accurate hybrid method to estimate the five parameters of the single-diode model. The proposed method aims to build a set of equations as functions of the five unknown parameters based on the three remarkable points and the PV datasheet's information. These equations will be used to derive a closed form expression for I0, Iph, Rsh, and Rs. This paper also presents a new simple iterative approach to better estimate the fifth parameter, the ideality factor (n), using only datasheet information. The novelty of this study is to use a new effective simple hybrid method that combines the analytical and the iterative approaches based on the increment of the ideality factor by step of 0.01Vt to achieve the minimum Root Mean Square Error possible. The results reveal that the proposed method outperforms a large number of analytical, numerical, and even the most powerful meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of accuracy, simplicity and reliability.

The paper deals with the process of optimizing the creation of the output product, which is the Cobas HIV-1 blood plasma separation card. The capabilities of the Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software will be used in this process. The application of simulation software will help to reveal the possibilities of improvement during the entire production process of the said product and to debug all potential improvement errors on the digital model without physically interfering with the current production process. The paper contains a basic theoretical clarification of some basic terms. The following content describes individual parts of the production process in question. An analysis will be carried out, on the basis of which the most significant bottlenecks will be revealed. The data used to create the simulation were collected based on the recording of working time and its use on the given production line. This kind of observation also revealed initial bottlenecks. For these bottlenecks, a methodology for their effectiveness and criteria for their optimization is subsequently proposed. Subsequently, an optimization solution is proposed, which is verified and evaluated by simulation. The collected data were then transferred to a digital model in the form of a simulation. Based on the results of the simulation, the given optimization proposals will be evaluated at the end. Production on the line has been optimized gradually and thanks to this we can see several variants that can be compared, and the best one can be chosen. The development of the entire optimization process is the possibility to increase the production output from the original 350 produced pieces up to 699 pieces in the same time horizon. In the process of optimization, methodologies were created that followed it and gave instructions for the optimization of productions of a similar nature. In addition to the mentioned optimization simulation variants, the paper also contains a design solution proposal in the form of 3D models, when several workstations are united into one workstation.

General energy demand is continuously increasing, thus the energy generating assets need to be optimised for higher efficiency. Wind turbines are no exception. Their maximum efficiency can be determined on a theoretical basis. The limit is approached by researches day by day, utilizing the latest developments in airfoil design, blade structure and new and improved ideas in conventional and unconventional wind turbine layouts. In this paper, we are reviewing the conventional and unconventional wind turbines and their place in smart cities. Then, an unconventional wind turbine design, the CO-DRWT (counter-rotating dual rotor wind turbine) is analysed with a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code, varying the axial and radial distances between the two turbines. After the simulations, the power coefficients for the different turbine configurations is calculated. At the end of this paper, the simulations results are summarized and consequences are drawn for the CO-DRWT layouts.

It is a proven authenticity that probability-schooled methodologies have a cardinal role in making decisions under the vagueness circumstances. Thus, to reach meaningful and fruitful decisions under vagueness circumstances, numerous probability-focused methodologies have been introduced, promoted, and implemented. This paper also contributes to adding another useful probability model to the existing literature for data modeling in engineering-oriented areas. The new model is called the weighted sine exponentiated exponential (WSEE) distribution, which is formed by implementing the exponentiated exponential model together with a sine-adapted method. Certain properties of the WSEE distribution are given. The parameter estimation of the WSEE distribution along with the simulation study is also provided. Last, in order, we apply the WSEE distribution for analyzing three data sets taken from the musical engineering and reliability settings. The optimality of the WSEE distribution is proved by comparing its results with other prominent modifications of the exponentiated exponential distribution. Using 4 statistical criteria as judgment tools, it was shown numerically and pictorially that the WSEE distribution is an optimal and suitable model for the musical engineering reliability data sets.

Introduction/purpose: Safety in high residential buildings presents a very important and always actual task. In case of some unforeseen and dangerous occurrences, their residents must be evacuated. Fire, earthquakes, and terrorism are only some of such situations. The speed of evacuation from high residential buildings depends on many different factors. A particularly difficult and complex evacuation task concerns buildings without fire escape stairs. Methods: The modeling method was used in this paper. Based on a real object – a residential building, an appropriate simulation model was realized in appropriate simulation software. Results: The results of this paper have shown that, out of four scenarios, the fastest evacuation was for the evacuation speed of 1.75 m/s. The first two scenarios did not report any jams, unlike the third and fourth scenario; in the third scenario, the occupants' speeds were 0.75 m/s and 1.25 m/s while in the fourth scenario, the simulated occupants' speeds were from 0.75 m/s to 1.75 m/s. Conclusion: The usage of appropriate simulation software enables fast, precise, safe and cheаp calculation of evacuation times and it can significantly improve evacuation procedures and evacuation strategies.

As one of the emerging research fields of sustainability management, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), especially its influence on employee performance, has drawn increased attention in the academic and industrial areas. Nevertheless, existing studies mainly examine the static relationship between OCB and employee performance. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the dynamic impacts of OCB on employee performance in Yasuj Municipality with the assistance of a system dynamics model. Four causal feedback loops and a stock-flow diagram were developed to illustrate the dynamic influencing mechanism. Three distinct policies quantitatively simulated the possible impacts of OCB changes on the whole system and, specifically, on employee performance. The results show that increasing the Actual Increasing Rate of Project Culture (AIROC) significantly influences OCB and employee performance improvement. The higher the AIRPP (actual increasing rate of potential promotion) in the multi-policy scenario, the higher the OCB and the performance. One major contribution is that this study is one of the first to explore the potential use of system dynamics to model organizational behavior and its performance, which has implications for the practical and cultural promotion of OCB.

Among the different financial sectors, the modeling and forecasting of log-returns of cryptocurrency have received considerable attention. Numerous statistical models have been put forward to analyze the log returns of the cryptocurrency. However, as per our knowingness and immense literature search, we did not find published shreds of evidence about modeling cryptocurrency's log-returns while manipulating trigonometric-based statistical models. This paper provides a worthwhile endeavor to fill out this amusing research gap by manipulating a new trigonometric-based statistical methodology called the generalized sine-G family. Utilizing the generalized sine-G, a statistical model called the generalized sine-Logistic distribution is introduced. The generalized sine-Logistic distribution is applied for modeling the log-returns of two cryptocurrencies. Using certain decisive tools, it is observed that the generalized sine-Logistic is the best-suited distribution for modeling the given log-returns data sets. Additionally, this study uses various sophisticated and robust econometric techniques, such as the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Subset Selection, Markov Switching Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (MSGARCH), and Step Indicator Saturation (SIS) model with different distributions, to predict (in-sample) the log-returns data sets. The effectiveness of each method is assessed through a popular loss function known as the root-mean-square error (RMSE).

The paper presents probabilistic aspects of diagnostics of grinding processes with consideration of metrological aspects of evaluation of topography of machined surfaces and selected problems of assessment of machining accuracy. The processes of creating the geometric structure of the ground surface are described. It was pointed out that the distribution of features important for process diagnostics depends on the mechanism of cumulative effects of random disturbances. Usually, there is a multiplicative mechanism or an additive mechanism of the component vectors of relative displacements of the tool and workpiece. The paper describes a method for determining the classification ability of specific parameters used to evaluate stereometric features of ground surfaces. It is shown that the ability to differentiate the geometric structure of a certain set of surfaces using a selected parameter depends on the geometric mean of the differences in normalized and sorted, consecutive values of this parameter. A methodology is presented for evaluating the ability of various parameters to distinguish different geometric structures of surfaces. Further, on the basis of analyses of a number of grinding processes, a methodology was formulated for proceeding leading to a comprehensive evaluation of machining accuracy and forecasting its results. It was taken into account that in forecasting the accuracy of grinding, it is necessary to determine the deviations, arising under the conditions of multiplicative interaction of the effects of various causes of inaccuracy. Examples are given of processes in which, due to the deformation of the technological system, dependent on the position of the zone and machining force, varying temperature fields and tool wear, the distributions of dimensional deviations are not the realization of stationary processes. It was emphasized that on the basis of the characteristics of the dispersion of the deviation value in the sum set of elements, it is not possible to infer its causes. Only the determination of the “instantaneous” values of the deviation dispersion parameters allows a more complete diagnosis of the process.

It has been proven that developing urban rail transit (URT) is the key to solving the traffic problems in big cities, and transport efficiency is essential for scientific line planning and construction, operation management and sustainable development of urban rail transit. This paper focuses on the transport efficiency of the URT network and adopts shadow efficiency theory creatively to combine factors of passengers, capacity, and efficiency effectively. A quantitative calculation method of system utility based on “double time penalty” is proposed. According to the characteristics of Beijing URT, this paper puts forward a single optimization strategy and combinatorial optimization strategy and analyzes the results with DEA. The simulation of Beijing subway network proves the availability of the method and its optimization effects.

The twin hybrid autonomous underwater vehicle (THAUV) is a novel type of unmanned underwater platform that consists of a twin torpedo-shaped hull and is actuated by two buoyancy engines and two thrusters proposed in this paper. The THAUV was designed to have faster speed generated by the two buoyancy engines and two thrusters. The two buoyancy engines on each hull and the airfoil are mainly responsible for the diving and surfacing motion, and the thrusters drive the THAUV along the horizontal plane. The THAUV is capable of carrying more instrumentation and energy than a conventional hybrid autonomous underwater vehicle (HAUV) with a single buoyancy engine such that the THAUV can perform more exploration tasks and operate for a longer period in a one-time operation. Different from other unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) with two airfoils or wings, the THAUV has a single airfoil connecting the twin hull such that it does not require connecting bars and additional airfoils. For this reason, the structure of THAUV is more compact and simpler. In this paper, a new compact THAUV is designed and CFD simulation is used to obtain the hydrodynamic parameters of THAUV operation in water. The motion model of the THAUV is also established and the operating parameters of the THAUV are obtained by simulation.

The passive mobilization of the hand joints by means of dedicated equipment accelerates patient recovery and decreases significantly the costs of therapy. For this reason, research and development of such equipment is essential. Important reductions in the development cycle duration of such equipment can be achieved by means of a specific technique known as Model-Based Design. Starting from these considerations, this paper puts forward a Model-Based Design approach to the study of a new concept of rehabilitation equipment of the hand joints actuated by a pneumatic muscle. The originality of the paper consists in the MATLAB-based rendering of the functional model of the rehabilitation equipment actuation system and in the presented simulation results. The purpose of this research was to obtain information concerning the behavior of the proposed system and to predict its performance prior to it being built physically. After simulation, the results are compared to the operational performance of the experimental model. The conclusion shows that the proposed operational model describes accurately the actual behavior of the system and can be used for future optimization of the rehabilitation equipment.

The paper investigates the rheological behavior and microstructuring of an AlMg6/10% SiC metal matrix composite (MMC). The rheological behavior and microstructuring of the AlMg6/10% SiC composite is studied for strain rates ranging between 0.1 and 4 s−1 and temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C. The microstructure formation is studied using EBSD analysis, as well as finite element simulation and neural network models. The paper proposes a new method of adding data to a training sample, which allows neural networks to correctly predict the behavior of microstructure parameters, such as the average grain diameter, and the fraction and density of low-angle boundaries with scanty initial experimental data. The use of neural networks has made it possible to relate the thermomechanical parameters of deformation to the microstructure parameters formed under these conditions. These dependences allow us to establish that, at strain rates ranging from 0.1 to 4 s−1 and temperatures between 300 to 500 °C, the main softening processes in the AlMg6/10% SiC MMC are dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallization accompanied, under certain strain and strain rate conditions at 300 and 350 °C, by geometric recrystallization.

Over the past three decades, advancements in computational power and numerical methods have significantly enhanced the role of structural analyses in the design and safety assessment of dams. Simulating concrete dam behavior, particularly in interactions with reservoir water and rock foundations, poses formidable computational challenges. Additionally, the need to define uncertainties related to material parameters, loading conditions, and modeling strategy adds complexity to the modeling process, therefore, quantifying sources of uncertainty is crucial for maintaining credibility and confidence in analysis results. This paper provides a synthesis and an overview of existing research and presents a generic framework for evaluating the credibility of advanced structural analysis methods for concrete dams, with a focus on their limitations and associated uncertainties. The methodology includes a comprehensive process for structural analysis, verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification, aiming to facilitate condition assessments of concrete dams.

Photovoltaics (PV) energy is a solution for the electrification of developing countries, especially for remote rural zones. The use of solar energy in water pumping is the most adopted solution for rural and desert regions. The modeling, simulation and analysis of the PV system of water pumping is a vital step before assembling this system on any place, which allows a better understanding of its behavior in real weather conditions on that place. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a water pumping photovoltaic system consisting of a PV generator coupled with a DC-motor which drives a centrifugal pump that draws water from a well and delivers it to a reservoir. The characteristics of the components of this system allow researchers, manufacturers, and social communities to understand better the functioning of these components. Our simulation results were meticulously cross-verified against the module manufacturer’s data sheet, revealing a maximum relative percentage error of 1.12 %. This attests to the coherence between the manufacturer’s stipulations and our simulated values. Furthermore, we ascertain commendable efficiency in the motor-pump system, particularly noteworthy for elevated irradiation levels, while maintaining acceptable performance even under minimal irradiation conditions.

The thermal behavior analysis is undoubtedly the main concern when studying semiconductor devices' and structures' physical mechanics. To the best of our knowledge, simulations studies with an experimental validation of the temperature effect vs. mobility on electrical characteristics in semiconductor devices, specifically in LDMOSFET devices are not well explored in the research literature. Considering this, this paper investigates the thermal influence vs. mobility degradation in the N-LDMOS structure and its impact on electrical performance. It also addresses the temperature impact on channel current Ids and these effects on component performance. The zero-temperature coefficient (ZTC) is evaluated in a N-LDMOS structure using numerical simulations and experimental tests. A study of the drain current behavior at ZTC (IZTC) is proposed in the linear and saturation regions. The influence of temperature mobility degradation on IZTC is analyzed. The consequences of mobility degradation show that the temperature increase gives rise to two contradictory phenomena: firstly, the channel current Ids increases when its value is lower than the current level (IZTC) and secondly, decreases when is higher. These two phenomena are studied by using simulated and experimental approaches, in order to extract and prove the physical aspects near the gate-drain access region (hot spot, electric field, electron concentration, surface carrier density, electron mobility), at the parameter evaluation origin, using SILVACO-TCAD based numerical simulation. Mobility degradation due to the temperature effect is compared to the critical value in N-LDMOS based on I–V behavior obtained with experimentation and simulations. This is explained by the role of negative thermal coefficient in LDMOS transistors. This coefficient proves to be particularly beneficial in terms of mobility gain at low inversion densities.

Simulation modelling is one way to determine the capacity of railway lines. The specialized software tool OpenTrack was used for simulation. The aim of this paper was to find out whether the OpenTrack simulation software can be used for the calculation of headway, and to compare the results with the methodology of the Railway Infrastructure Administration (SŽDC). Using the software tool, a detailed transport network model can be created including all its important characteristics. The simulation follows the movements and behaviour of trains with predefined parameters on the modelled railway line. OpenTrack allows for monitoring a range of parameters including not only train delays, train conflicts and train traffic flow, but also for instance train energy performance and headways. During the first stage of work with OpenTrack, a simulation model was created, not reflecting any existing infrastructure but including parameters typical of railway lines in the Czech Republic, such as the configuration of gridirons, length of station tracks, size of block sections, etc. This model was subsequently used for the simulation of type train set journeys, and a headway calculator was used for the calculation of headway values. These values were compared with the methodology used by the Railway Infrastructure Administration. The paper is concluded by the comparison of the above mentioned approaches.

This paper describes methodology for application of a rapid prototyping using subtractive, additive and formative technology based on STL files. Rapid prototyping technology includes using of a digital information chain CAD/CAM/CNC to a level which allows the successful realization of the physical models based on new technologies by adding, subtracting and molding material. The paper discusses about the usual technologies for rapid prototyping, for which a generalized methodology for their application has been proposed. The possibilities for program verification prior to the realization of the model were also shown. The methodology is verified on real examples of making selected parts. Used technologies are subtracting and adding material layers, layer by layer, and mold making (by adding material) for molding the silicone model.

On average, we spend 90% of our time indoor particularly at work and a healthy work space is essential to that feeling of wellbeing. In a typical building, lighting accounts for up to 40% of energy consumption. Allowing more natural light to penetrate the building and controlling both the light and heat components of power consumption, will result in significant reductions. However, using natural light doesn´t come without some issues. Glare, overheating, variability and privacy issues can all cause problems. Daylight is a basic human need, which is highlighted by the provision of transparent and translucent surfaces to all occupied spaces that we see around us. In many cases, the drive to create healthier, more occupant-conscious buildings works hand in hand with the requirement for greater energy efficiency. This article presents illumination of indoor workspace using daylight lighting. Measured values were compared with values calculated by simulation program Velux Daylight Visualizer 3.

For a positive net building (PNEB), the paper presents its need, and tools to achieve its design. The PNEB should provide the maximum thermal comfort with a minimum of energy, primary energy, and exergy consumption, .and reduction of the use of energy resources, maximizing energy security, as well as the minimum impact on the environment. This very useful knowledge is also needed for identifying energy efficiency, as well as for dictating the right energy management strategies of a country. Then, the paper presents the software for a energy simulation and optimization of PNEB. After that, the paper describes the three examples connected to the PNEB. The first example is a simulation of a residential PNEB in Serbian conditions, second the optimization of photovoltaics panels area at Serbian zero-net energy building, third the description of an the building and optimizing energy performances, by placing the solar collector in the optimum position.

Business-simulations gained popularity and relevance in the modern world. Business simulations are the interactive systems allowing to organize, create and conduct simulations of economic and socio-economic processes with satisfactory realism. At the same time, study conducted among students of higher education establishments revealed lack of knowledge and technical skills in the area of business-simulations development using modern software development approaches and technologies. Objective of the paper is to present results of logical and technical design of the system that allows teachers and students organize and conduct business-simulations in the educational process. The general scientific methods were used to define the problem, analyze the need and idealize the solution. The methods of complex software systems design and development were used on the stage of architecture, programming interfaces creation and implementation. The paper describes design and development of the software system for creation and conducting quantitative simulations. The next requirements to the software system were defined: the system has to be web-based; the system has to be neutral to the type of the device and operating environment; the system has to have adaptive interface; the system has to be scalable towards adding third-party simulations, supporting defined API; the system has to have user-friendly interface, minimizing time overhead for the teacher and students during preparation, conducting and analyzing simulation. The cloud architecture has been chosen on the design stage of the research. It allows managing simulations using centralized resource. Developed software system for creation and conducting software simulations consist of the next components: SimulationLab.Admin, SimulationLab.Api.Models, SimulationLab.Engine, SimulationLab.Core, SimulationLab.Web. The augmentation of the cognitive experience of the students was proved during conducting the research. Augmentation was resulting in the practical skills development. Ease of implementation of the business-simulations into educational process is crucial to ability to augment cognitive experience. This resulted in the special attention to the efficient user experience for the teacher and the students during lectures and practical classes. The system is designed and developed using modern software development approaches and tools. Developed system implementation making augmenting theoretical material by practical and research-based type of activities significantly easier and more productive. The courses of mathematical and socio-economic blocks of disciplines of the higher education establishments, schools, corporate trainings and informal education events and materials are the targets to be effectively augmented by the designed and developed system.

The paper presents the particularities of the manufacture of nanopowders that can be used in industry by conducting a study of the magnetic properties of nanocomposite materials. The research was carried out within the INCDIE ICPE-CA in collaboration with the Naval Academy in Constanța and with the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. Depending on the mechanical, electrical and magnetic characteristics of the nanoparticles, their area of application is analyzed. The paper presents methods of chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and their importance due to their homogeneity, size control and particle distribution. Many magnetic nanoparticles can be synthesized using precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions. The discovery of metal-carbonyl complexes by thermolysis results in nanopowders.

This paper focuses on the development, theoretical and experimental research on the structural units of an unconventional three-wheeled vehicle. The vehicle is designed in order to increase the stability when cornering in a low curvature radius. Current research work describes solutions to increase the cornering stability of either conventional three-wheeled vehicles or, more rarely, unconventional vehicles designed on the basis of complex wheel-tilting mechatronics. Thus, there is a gap in research in respect of consideration of a stability-enhancing mechanism for three-wheeled vehicles based on a combination of tilting and deflection of the front steered wheel in the course of cornering. This paper then compares the stability of a three-wheeled vehicle with one steered wheel in front and two wheels in the rear (1F2R) in conventional and unconventional designs. A particular linear formula for the stability of the three-wheeled vehicle in cornering is derived. This study further deals with the design of the frame intended to hold the unconventional steering mechanism of the front wheel of the vehicle, on the one hand, from the theoretical integrity point of view using CAD-, FEM- and MBS-based software and, on the other hand, from the experimental point of view by determining the multiaxial fatigue life of the test specimens. These were made from the frame structural material and loaded with an equivalent load (bending-torsion) corresponding to the real load of the frame in operation. It was discovered that the designed patented front wheel steering mechanism increased the passing speed by 19% in comparison with a conventional vehicle at the minimum possible radius of a corner. The designed vehicle meets the safety conditions in terms of frame integrity and load-bearing capacity. The vehicle frame is designed with respect to the fatigue life of the material, the results of which are presented in the work. The material employed for manufacturing the frame is aluminum alloy type EN AW6063, which makes the frame lightweight and strong.

With the development of modern science and economy, congestions and accidents are brought by increasing traffics. And to improve efficiency, traffic signal based control is usually used as an effective model to alleviate congestions and to reduce accidents. However, the fixed mode of existing phase and cycle time restrains the ability to satisfy ever complex environments, which lead to a low level of efficiency. To further improve traffic efficiency, this paper proposes a crowd-based control model to adapt complex traffic environments. In this model, subjects are deemed as digital selves who can perform actions in complex traffic environments, such as vehicles and traffic lights. These digital selves have their own control processing mechanisms, properties, and behaviors. And each digital self is continuously optimizing its behaviors according to its learning ability, road conditions, and information interactions from connections with the others. Without a fixed structure, the connections are diverse and random to form a more complex traffic environment, which may be connected or disappeared at any time with continues movements. Finally, feasibility and effectiveness of the crowd-based traffic control model is demonstrated by comparison with fixed traffic signal control model, indicating that the model can alleviate traffic congestion effectively.

The paper presents an approach for applying the STEP-NC protocol in additive manufacturing. The ISO 10303 AP238 standard is used, which enables the implementation of geometrical information about material addition layers as input data for the generation of STEP-NC programs. The methodology for applying the STEP-NC protocol in additive manufacturing is also given. For verification and simulation of the generated programs for additive manufacturing, the STEP-NC Machine environment and us own configured machines for additive manufacturing within this software are used.

Probability distributions are frequently used for statistical modeling of real-life phenomena in every field of life. Most often, real-life data sets are skewed in nature, and therefore, asymmetrical probability distributions are very competent for such scenarios. In the recent gains in distribution theory, researchers are focusing on developing new symmetrical and asymmetrical trigonometric-based probability distributions for data modeling in various fields. In the literature, however, there is no published work on statistical modeling of the transaction confirmation times on blockchain technology using trigonometric-originated probability distributions. For the first time covering the aforesaid research gap, this paper introduces a new trigonometric-based probabilistic approach for modeling the transaction confirmation times on blockchain technology. The new approach is called a new sine-G family of distributions. Using the proposed method, a new probability distribution called a new sine-Weibull distribution is studied. The proposed model is very flexible and obeys the symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes of its density function. The estimators of the new sine-Weibull distribution are derived, and their evaluation is tested through a simulation study. The applicability of the new sine-Weibull distribution is demonstrated by analyzing the average waiting time until the Bitcoin transaction is confirmed on blockchain technology.

Digital models are the foundation of digital twins, which form the basis of autonomous off-road vehicles. Developing virtual models of off-road vehicles using dynamic reduction techniques is one of several approaches. The article commences with a comprehensive overview of the most widely used dynamic reduction methods and then introduces performance metrics for assessing their efficacies in the context of digital twins. The paper additionally includes a detailed mathematical derivation of the state-space representation for reduced-order finite element models. The state-space representation of the reduced finite element models facilitates their export to problem-solving environments for dynamic analysis. The state-space models are eventually solved utilizing the built-in libraries of numerical solvers in textual and graphical programming platforms. In addition, the article identifies the set of solvers that best suit the simulation of virtual models for off-road vehicles. This article also includes an evaluation of the simulation results for digital models with modes ranging from 0 to 30 Hz. In addition, the article demonstrates the lower bound of the frequency range necessary and sufficient to be retained in off-road vehicle virtual models. Finally, the paper presents the simulation outcomes for digital models of commercial off-road vehicles with custom-built virtual modules of powertrain, electrical, and control systems in a problem-solving environment.

By 2025, the total mileage of natural gas pipelines in China is expected to reach 163,000 km, placing urgent demands on the simulation technology for increasingly large-scale and more complicated pipeline networks. This paper describes the development of a new sectionalizing method, which is based on optimization strategy, for simulating large-scale and complicated natural gas pipeline networks. Based on analysis of the topological structures, the entire pipeline networks are decomposed into multiple sub-networks according to the connecting nodes between the adjoined pipelines. The sectionalizing method is then implemented by minimizing the residuals of conservation for continuity and momentum at the connecting nodes in isothermal mode. The hydraulic variables in each sub-network are obtained after the hydraulic variables at connecting nodes are updated. The calculation accuracy and efficiency of this sectionalizing method are demonstrated by comparison with a commercial software through three different test cases. It is shown that the maximum relative deviation of pressure of the method developed is within 2.5% of that calculated using the commercial software. In a 5 × 104 km test case with variable spatial step sizes, the computational efficiency is 2.1 to 3.2 times of that of the commercial software. The results of the three case studies suggest that this sectionalizing method is promising and suitable for application to large-scale complicate natural gas network simulation.

This paper presents a discrete-event simulation model to study the logistics operations involved in a plant of the cement industry, aligned with a real project developed in partnership between Cachapuz (a company that provides international weighing solutions) and the University of Minho. The purpose of this work consists in using simulation to model several activities, involving weighing, loading and unloading of raw materials, regardless of the type of industry, e.g. cement, tomato, cereals. Thus, this paper documents the work conducted to apply the developed simulation model in a case study of the cement industry. After validating the model, a set of simulation experiments were conducted, which allowed to estimate the maximum capacity of the plant and the impact in the performance of the plant, of the arrival of a cargo vessel. In this regard, it was found that in the case study in question, it is not possible to unload all the cargo from the vessel in a working day - around 3 working days would be required. Further conclusions and future work are discussed in the last section.