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This paper reports on a review of "Professional practice and inquiry I" in response to local and national developments. The introduction of The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) raised questions for initial teacher educators about how they might prepare their pre-service student teachers to teach using this updated curriculum. "Professional practice and inquiry I" is a first semester compulsory professional paper University of Waikato Bachelor of Teaching students (primary). The introduction of the 2007 national curriculum document was not the only reason for a review of this professional paper. This paper outlines how the teaching team had recognized the mixture of influences that impact on the development of paper content, explains in some detail what we did for the teaching and learning of the new 2007 key competencies, and the outcomes we found through collecting student voice. This was part of a collaborative research project investigating the teaching and learning of the "front end" of The New Zealand Curriculum (ibid) and incorporating those findings into the primary Bachelor of Teaching programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Written reflective practice (WRP) is a teaching tool used across speech–language therapy (SLT) clinical education programmes. The process aims to support the development of reflective skills required for the workplace (e.g., problem‐solving and self‐evaluation). Aims: This cross‐sectional and repeated‐measures study design investigated students' demonstration of breadth of WRP across the clinical education programme. Methods & Procedures: The participants were 77 undergraduate SLT students in their first, second or final professional year of the clinical programme. Participants wrote critical reflections following an interaction with a client/s as part of their clinical education experiences. Formative feedback was provided after each written reflection (WR). In total four WRs per participant were coded for breadth of WRP using a modification of Plack et al.'s coding schema from 2005. This was completed for each of the four time points across the academic year for each professional year. Outcomes & Results: There was a statistically significant association between time (i.e., professional year of the programme) and likelihood of demonstration of breadth of reflection for the lower level reflective element of 'attend' and higher level reflective element of 're‐evaluate'. A positive trend between time and likelihood of demonstration of breadth of reflection was seen for the lower level element of 'reflection‐for‐action'. Final‐professional‐year students exhibited significant enhancements in the higher level elements (e.g., 'premise') compared with first‐ and second‐professional‐year students. Conclusions & Implications: This group of SLT students exhibited significant change in breadth of WRP across the degree programme. This finding has positive implications for facilitating WRP with students and using the current coding framework in clinical programmes. What this paper adds: What is already known on this subject: WRP is one form of reflective practice (RP) used in SLT, allied health, medical and nursing clinical education programmes. Researchers have suggested that RP skills develop over time for students. Previously, studies examining WRP have focused on one off assessment of skill or over a timeframe of 6–10 weeks. Here, we examine SLT students' WRP skills across the degree programme. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: SLT students exhibited significant positive change in breadth of WRP across the degree programme as their clinical experience increased. Our results provide quantitative information in support of using RP as a learning tool throughout clinical education programmes for SLT. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: This study offers support for educators of SLT students; for example, how educators can assess WRP, and how educators can foster SLT student skill development with formative feedback and reflective questioning. This study also offers support for student SLT, for example, describing how WRP can be part of their individualized learning approach and provide a purposeful examination of self and clinical skill development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the findings from a longitudinal study of vulnerable young people's transitions to adulthood, this paper explores the ideas of shame and recognition. The young people, aged between 12 and 17 years at the first interview, had experienced chronic exposure to adversity from an early age (abuse, violence, mental health issues, addictions, and expulsion from school). They were clients of statutory and non‐governmental services: child welfare, juvenile justice, remedial education, and mental health services. This paper draws on the qualitative phase of the study (n = 107); young people and a trusted other, nominated by the young person, participated in three annual qualitative interviews. Interviews focused on young people's experiences of services, key transitions, their relationships, and the strategies they used to locate support and resources. Experiences of shame, misrecognition, and seeking recognition emerged as dominant themes in the young people's accounts, and these are explored in this paper. The paper concludes with a discussion on responsive social work interventions that generate a deeper understanding of young people's experiences of shame and misrecognition. Central to this practice are critical and relational social work practices that actively support young people to achieve recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The International Ergonomics Association is a professional association for human factors and ergonomics (HFE) professionals. Australia and New Zealand are two of 52 Federated Societies within the IEA. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes an Ergonomics and the Future World (EFW) workshop held at the IEA Triennial Congress in 2018 (IEA2018), and reports the findings of the Australia / New Zealand (Southern Cross) Cluster (SCC). METHODS: Four questions were developed by the IEA EFW committee to evaluate the ergonomics state-of-play in various world regions. Southern Cross delegates (N = 17) participated in a 90-minute workshop discussion at IEA2018 (45% participation rate for SCC delegates). A summary was presented during the IEA2018 closing ceremony and as a written report for the IEA. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the SCC discussions: (i) the impact of technology advances on HFE professional practice;(ii) communication with internal and external stakeholders; and (iii) HFE education. CONCLUSIONS: The workshop findings are similar to issues raised at local discussions in Australia and New Zealand over past decades and mirror comments and opinions published by authors in the HFE profession. They provide a benchmark for current SCC opinion and may provide direction for future discussion of these recurring issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews the current state of diversional and recreational therapy as practiced in Aotearoa New Zealand. Aotearoa New Zealand is a culturally diverse western nation located in the lower South Pacific. A population analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand is offered to highlight and contextualize areas where diversional and recreational therapy may have impact. This is followed by a summary of the main theoretical principles under-pinning the practice of diversional and recreational therapy and the nature of special populations in New Zealand. Lastly the paper concludes by listing emerging and future plans to enhance diversional and recreational therapy in Aotearoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews the current state of diversional and recreational therapy as practiced in Aotearoa New Zealand. Aotearoa New Zealand is a culturally diverse western nation located in the lower South Pacific. A population analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand is offered to highlight and contextualize areas where diversional and recreational therapy may have impact. This is followed by a summary of the main theoretical principles under-pinning the practice of diversional and recreational therapy and the nature of special populations in New Zealand. Lastly the paper concludes by listing emerging and future plans to enhance diversional and recreational therapy in Aotearoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism and government policies of colonisation and assimilation contribute to the disproportionate burden of disease carried by indigenous people globally. In colonial contexts such as Aotearoa New Zealand, these inequities are routinely monitored but governments believe economic growth and better lifestyles will resolve the issues. Stop Institutional Racism (STIR), a group of health activists, is challenging this dominant discourse and building a boutique social movement to transform racism within the New Zealand public health sector. Central to the work of STIR is partnership between indigenous and non-indigenous practitioners underpinned by Te Tiriti o Waitangi – the founding document of the colonial state of New Zealand. This paper reflects on STIR organisational processes and political achievements to date. We have worked towards mobilising the public health sector, re-energising the conversation around racism and strengthening the capacity and evidence base of the sector around key sites of racism and anti-racism praxis. This paper will be of interest to others within the global public health community who are looking for new collective ways to organise and challenge entrenched inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Domestic and family violence is a key area of concern for all professionals who work with families, with recent years seeing an expansion in the availability of intervention programs for men who perpetrate violence against women and children. This paper considers current approaches to the regulation of professional practice in this area, providing information about the changing context in which interventions are offered. The purpose of the paper is to encourage ongoing discussion about the setting of men's behaviour change program standards of practice in Australasia and to identify some key issues that require consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose – Care coordination for patients with chronic conditions is one aim of an integrated health care delivery system. The purpose of this paper is to compare findings from two separate New Zealand studies and discusses the implications of the results. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes and discusses the use of Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care Measure in two different geographic areas of New Zealand and at different times. Findings – The studies suggest that, despite the time that has elapsed since government investment in care coordination for long-term conditions, there has been little change in the nature of service delivery from the patient perspective. Originality/value – The paper highlights the shortcomings of simply providing additional funding for care coordination, without built in accountabilities, no planned evaluation and no concerted focus on what the model of care should look like. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following study was an exploratory journey to examine reflective practice amongst students taking the undergraduate paper ‘Communities and Addiction’. This paper has been an elective paper within the Health Sciences for third year students at the University of Auckland for three years. The students were instructed to reflect on two assignments after they had written each one. The first assignment focused on addiction models and the second assignment focused on social marketing as a public health approach to potentially addictive behaviour (e.g. substance abuse, gambling, and eating disorders). The findings from the first assignment suggested that students developed (or enhanced) empathy towards sufferers of addiction. The findings from both of the assignments revealed that many of the students were developing reflective skills, though often this was at quite a basic level. These findings suggested that more guidance and feedback is needed to aid students in the reflective journey. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: The prevailing dominance of right-handedness in oral health practices often results in adequate ergonomic support for right-handed dominant oral health practitioners (RHDOHP). However, left-handed dominant oral health practitioners (LHDOHP) frequently face misunderstood challenges, typically finding themselves obliged to adapt to right-handed dental settings or resort to using their non-dominant hand. Aim: This narrative literature review is aimed to investigate current literature on the experiences and practices of LHDOHPs globally, and explore recommendations made to support LHDOHP in various dental settings. Method: Qualitative research methods were applied to this narrative literature review. Literature related to LHDOHPs, within Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally, were analysed and reviewed. Main recurring codes and themes were identified from the literature. Result: Four themes were identified from the literature: characteristics of clinical dentistry and let-handed individuals, LHDOHPs ergonomics and musculoskeletal issues, biases experienced by LHDOHPs during clinical practice and training could increase support for LHDOHPs developing clinical practice. Conclusion: Overall, the findings highlight that LHDOHPs working in right-handed dental settings face significant ergonomic challenges, risking their patients' safety and their own. By introducing appropriate policies, guidelines and allocating sufficient resources in the dental setting will enable LHDOHS and LHDOHP to learn and practice in equitable conditions. This in-turn can significantly improve the safety of patients and whānau (family) receiving oral health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian Association of Social Workers has campaigned for many years for the registration of social workers in Australia, but with little success to date. This paper critically examines the key arguments for and against registration with reference to academic and government policy literature from international jurisdictions (primarily New Zealand and England) where government regulation of social work already exists. This review of existing literature found that arguments in favour of registration broadly centre on two main assumptions. They are improved protection of clients and amplification of professional standing. The findings indicate that there is only limited empirical evidence as to whether registration does in fact lift the professional standing of social workers or protect consumers from substandard practice. We conclude that further research is required to examine whether registration of social workers is justified in Australia, and particularly to ascertain whether the regulation of social workers generally or in specific practice areas such as child protection can realistically take place independently of the large number of human service practitioners who are not social work trained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Community-based primary care physiotherapy has developed through private practice, fee-for-service model in Aotearoa New Zealand where independent businesses operate in competition. Aim. We aimed to explore how the private practice model of physiotherapy impacts patient care, physiotherapists, and professional behaviour. Methods. Six physiotherapists managing musculoskeletal conditions in a primary care private practice in Aotearoa New Zealand were recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. In-depth individual face-toface semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using Interpretive Description. Inductive data analysis synthesised and contextualised data, creating a thematic framework that developed across interviews. Results. All physiotherapy participants discussed concerns about culture and professionalism in private practice physiotherapy despite not being asked about these. Three themes were identified. 'Competitive business model and lack of collaboration' - participants thought that competition between practices resulted in a lack of trust, collegiality, and collaboration, and pressure on clinicians to maintain income. '(Un)professional behaviour' - participants thought that physiotherapists were defensive and averse to scrutiny, resulting in reluctance to admit when they needed help, or to undertake peer review or seek second opinions. 'Lack of support and mentoring' - the professional culture in private practice was perceived to reduce support and mentoring, with negative impacts that affected physiotherapists at all stages of career. Conclusion. This exploratory qualitative study suggests that competition dominates communication and collaboration in private practice physiotherapy and may have wider implications for professionalism and the quality of patient care. Competitive business models and an aversion to scrutiny may reduce collegial interaction and professional behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to articles published within the issue is presented on topics including the British probation officers' supervision of women service users, engagement of social workers in mental health work in Israel, and people facing existential challenges with the help of a social worker.

Work-integrated learning (WIL) has attracted considerable attention as an instrument for enhancing professional practice and developing work-readiness in graduates. It is widely considered as a point of difference in developing graduate employability by enhancing skill outcomes through an authentic learning experience. This paper focuses on student insights of the added value of WIL and their development of personal and professional graduate attributes. Thematic content analysis was undertaken of students' reflections (n=271) of their perceived learning outcomes and overall experiences from their sport management and coaching WIL experiences at Massey University, New Zealand. The findings show that enjoyment, achievement and reinforcing career decisions added value to the student's experiences. Gratitude for the support and mentoring of workplace and academic supervisors was also evident. Development of personal attributes involving self-management, enterprise, and effective communication were important learning outcomes. Professional development of a community of practice and leadership responsibilities were also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the development of an evidence-based training and support course for caregivers of children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in New Zealand, and a brief evaluation undertaken. The seven-week caregiver training course takes an empowerment and advocacy orientation, and the aim is to assist caregivers who are caring for children with, or suspected to have FASD, develop greater resilience and strategies to help their families live successfully with impairments in a disabling society.Design/methodology/approach A total of 13 parents and caregivers received a seven times two-hour weekly group programme of talks, exercises and case study discussions focused on the following objectives: an increased knowledge of FASD; an increased knowledge of successful strategies and interventions that can be used to help families; and having an opportunity to foster strong peer-support relationships with others who share the lived experience of FASD. A brief interview-based evaluation was undertaken to ascertain caregivers' views of the course, its benefits and limitations.Findings Caregivers valued both the content and process of the training course. They highlighted that strength of the training was the delivery by experienced, professionally trained caregivers of children with FASD. They valued the opportunity to spend time with peers in similar circumstances who understood the challenges of parenting a child with FASD.Originality/value A short evidence-based specialist training course for parents and caregivers with an empowerment and peer-support orientation is beneficial to parenting children with FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the experiences and practices of social and community service professionals working with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) or suspected FASD in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approach The research examined professionals' empirical experience of working with FASD or suspected FASD. In total, 21 participants working in practice settings relevant to dual diagnosis were interviewed, with each interview being of 1–2 h duration. The interview data were transcribed and coded using the constant-comparative method in order to derive themes.Findings Participants identified a number of barriers to understanding or working with FASD: the limited knowledge of FASD and the absence of FASD from training contexts, difficulty obtaining institutional support and the challenge of working without a diagnosis. Participants also articulated a range of strategies for approaching FASD within the identified barriers of their practice contexts, specifically: working with alternative diagnoses, focussing on adjusting expectations, adopting a strengths-based approach, actively advocating for clients when working with other sectors and systems and focussing on prevention education.Originality/value This research expands the knowledge base for social and community service practice in contexts where FASD maybe a factor contributing to poor health and well-being outcomes for clients. It clarifies the challenges that professionals face when encountering FASD or suspected FASD in their work, reveals key gaps in individual and systemic knowledge about FASD and provides new insight into what professionals do to address these challenges. It also adds to the body of research concerning FASD in the Australasian context more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper aims to describe the educational philosophy and practice underpinning the Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators (RACMA) program and how it is aligned with the needs of the Australian and New Zealand health care systems. Preparing future doctors as medical leaders requires keeping pace with developments in medical education and increased sophistication on the part of teaching and supervising faculty. Design/methodology/approach -- This paper is a descriptive case study. The data are complemented by workforce data and excerpts from the RACMA Management and Leadership Curriculum. Findings -- The RACMA has developed a program informed by current best practices in medical education. The educational underpinnings and instructional practices of the RACMA emphasize leadership as a collaborative social process and the importance of relational leadership in successful modern day practice. The ongoing development of the program has a focus on setting of clear learning objectives, regular and continuous feedback to trainees and reflective practice facilitated by the close relationship between trainees and their preceptor. Research limitations/implications -- Although a site-specific case study, the application of relational models of teaching can be applied in other settings. Practical implications -- The application of relational models of teaching can be applied in other settings. Social implications -- This paper fulfils a social need to describe successful competency models used for medical leadership development. Originality/value -- This paper fulfils an identified need to define competency models used as a foundation for medical leadership development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thematic analysis of a continuous video record of a day in the life of a New Zealand kindergarten teacher, and of a narrative reconstruction of the day during a follow-up interview, yielded a view of early childhood professional practice as focused on a ‘curriculum of open possibilities’. This paper discusses elements of the teacher’s professional practice that contributed to her curriculum: her understanding that curriculum planning required relational involvement and being part of the children’s life within the kindergarten community; that professional practice required teamwork and attunement to one’s colleagues; and that acting professionally was about being fully present and ‘bringing everything together’. It argues that behind the apparent ‘trivia’ of the teacher’s day there were layers of activity that maintained a fabric of connections that sustained the open possibilities. In this way, the teacher’s role as a curriculum planner emerges as a finely balanced role that is creative and agentic rather than prescribed by narrow curriculum goals. The findings of the study are located within the emergent New Zealand literature on what it means to be a professional early childhood teacher in the contemporary early childhood sector, and research on New Zealand’s early childhood curriculum, Te Whāriki. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the way in which Maori cultural frameworks have influenced mainstream social work practice. Using the example of indigenous practice developed by Maori social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand, the paper explores five sets of constructs that have provided a framework for thinking in mainstream social work practice. These constructs bring a richness to practice which encourages practitioners to critically reflect on the philosophies and practice knowledge that inform their work with clients. Of particular significance is building an understanding of the ways in which context shapes experience and the implications this has for practice. These emerging perspectives in mainstream practice have the potential to create practice that is more responsive to diverse populations and that recognises the central place of cultural frameworks in effective social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the concepts underpinning the reasoning processes of social worker's decision‐making provides important insights into how social work practice is undertaken. This paper examines one of the major discourses used by social workers in decision reasoning in a non‐governmental organization child protection context in Aotearoa/New Zealand: family maintenance. This study found that family maintenance as a concept was strongly privileged by social workers. This resulted in attempts to preserve families and created a hierarchy of preferred decision outcomes. A preference for family maintenance was supported by legal, moral, psychological and Māori cultural concepts. This pattern of constructs underpinned the ‘weighing up of harms’ when considering removal, and generally reflected a child welfare orientation. In addition to this, it was found that ‘family’ was broadly defined, and could include people who had a relationship with the children, or Māori definitions of extended family, in addition to legal ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coconut oil is being heavily promoted as a healthy oil, with benefits that include support of heart health. To assess the merits of this claim, the literature on the effect of coconut consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in humans was reviewed. Twenty-one research papers were identified for inclusion in the review: 8 clinical trials and 13 observational studies. The majority examined the effect of coconut oil or coconut products on serum lipid profiles. Coconut oil generally raised total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a greater extent than cis unsaturated plant oils, but to a lesser extent than butter. The effect of coconut consumption on the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was often not examined. Observational evidence suggests that consumption of coconut flesh or squeezed coconut in the context of traditional dietary patterns does not lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, due to large differences in dietary and lifestyle patterns, these findings cannot be applied to a typical Western diet. Overall, the weight of the evidence from intervention studies to date suggests that replacing coconut oil with cis unsaturated fats would alter blood lipid profiles in a manner consistent with a reduction in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Challenges facing healthcare assistants in aged residential care are a focus of global debate. These challenges involve remuneration, education, skill mix, work conditions and organisational structures. Objectives/Aims: We enter the discussion by acknowledging current work, education and remuneration for healthcare assistants. We then consider the supervisory relationships between registered nurses (RNs), enrolled nurses (ENs) and healthcare assistants, educational levels for RNs, ENs and healthcare assistants, and the interplay between organisation and practice in aged residential care. We suggest that improving work for the healthcare assistant has the potential to lead change in all role levels.Design: Discussion paper. Conclusions/Implications for practice: We argue that adjustments to work structures, education and skill advancement of RNs, ENs and healthcare assistants could improve staff working conditions and clarify practice boundaries. The ultimate result is likely to be an improvement to quality of care and the life of residents in aged residential care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the findings of the qualitative phase of a New Zealand longitudinal study on vulnerable young people’s transitions to adulthood. The young people were aged between 12 and 17 years at the time of the first interview. The paper focuses on one key finding, how youth enact agency through their relationships with significant others: families, social workers, teachers and care workers. These youth had experienced sustained exposure to harm including abuse, violence, addictions, disengagement from school and mental health issues. The qualitative interviews focused on young people’s experiences with services (child welfare, juvenile justice, mental health and education support services) their key transitions, and the strategies they used to locate support and resources. The thematic analysis of the interviews indicated that a search for agency was a central motif in young people’s experiences. This was reflected in three thematic clusters: making sense of the world, having a voice and acting on the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Round tables discussing the resilience of critical infrastructure systems held in the UK, the USA and New Zealand have provided insight into how organisations are changing the basis of planning and investment decisions to enhance resilience. The events convened stakeholders to explore how resilience is embraced in their sectors and to identify how to advance practice. The overarching premise was to convene a diverse group who would not typically have an opportunity to engage with each other, to share their perspectives on putting resilience thinking into practice. The round tables identified that early-adopting organisations are implementing approaches to decision making that embrace resilience thinking, but such approaches are not yet embedded in common practice across organisations that are responsible for planning and managing critical infrastructure. The findings emphasise that multi-agency coordination and collaboration is required to advance resilience thinking in professional practice and to move beyond traditional risk-based paradigms. Governance and policy interventions will help encourage cross-sector information sharing and enforce responsibility and transparency surrounding exposure to potential shocks and stresses. It is recommended that such interventions could expand on principles and practice in existing emergency-management efforts, on the basis that such efforts are founded on coordinating various groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mental health treatment gap exists in which individuals who would benefit from evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) do not receive them. It is critical to take effective actions so that individuals with unmet mental health needs feel empowered to seek treatment. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing meets this objective. DTC marketing is an effective, patient-centered approach that creates patient demand for a product or service by influencing patient behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. While primarily used in the United States and New Zealand to promote prescription drugs, uses and practices for DTC marketing with nonpharmaceutical EBPs are less established. This article highlights the value of leveraging this marketing approach to increase awareness and use of EBPs. Additionally, an illustrative example is presented that describes the use of social marketing and marketing mix principles to develop effective DTC marketing campaigns in psychotherapy practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports part of a larger exploratory research study of social workers' preferred models of critical incident stress management and experiences of critical incident stress debriefing. Social workers were invited to contribute to the research through an advertisement in the national association's newsletter for Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers. Using a qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews with 13 social workers, participants were asked about their experiences of critical events encountered within their workplaces over the last five years. Interviews were recorded by audiotape with consent and analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged: the importance of preparation for critical incidents, the role of relationship between line managers and social workers, specifically the line manager's support immediately after the critical incident, and the availability of peer/colleague networks. An unexpected finding was that social workers interviewed noted that the pre-existing relationship with the line manager influenced their experience of the debriefing process itself. The more engaged and emotionally aware the manager was seen, the more the social worker claimed the debriefing process had been successful from their perspectives. The implications for social workers and their employing agencies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Growing health inequities among the increasingly diverse population in Aotearoa New Zealand have prompted responses in the healthcare system. Diversity-related policies and programmes have been developed in some District Health Boards (DHB) to address the issues. The translation of such policy into practice is, however, convoluted by subjective interests and power differentials and thus the outcomes of policies may deviate from their original objectives. In this paper we examine how staff in one DHB translate and implement health equity and diversity initiatives in their everyday practices in hospital settings. In high-level institutional thinking, Māori health equity policy is dictated by the Treaty of Waitangi which sets it apart from the cultural competence focus of programmes for other ethnic groups. Drawing on interviews with clinical staff in the DHB, we reveal how intersecting subject positions, including personal histories and institutional roles, influence the interpretation and enactment of these policies and programmes in ways that blur their distinct agendas. As a result, the paper demonstrates how the politics that underpin agendas that distinctly address equity and diversity, as well as the potential for change in these areas, can be compromised in everyday practice on the hospital floor. • Health equity policy programmes distinct for Māori and culturally diverse groups. • Distinct agendas are blurred as clinical staff translate them into practice. • Intersection of personal subjectivities and positionalities influence translations. • Blurring of agendas in everyday practice compromise potential for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The professional identity of counsellors and guidance practitioners in Aotearoa New Zealand is currently under review as a result of the passing of legislation regulating health professionals and the proposed introduction of national registration of counsellors. In this paper I explore this debate, and examine the professional identities claimed by counsellors, counselling psychologists and psychotherapists. The current discussion in this country is both informed by and provides an illuminating lens on professional identity issues in Australia, the UK and the US. An alternative construction of professional identities that are localised and dynamic, yet distinctly of Aotearoa New Zealand, is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a way of thinking about and doing child protection work using community development (CD) principles to guide practice. It suggests that a useful addition to CD can be found within the rights of the child provisions in Human Rights conventions. Using examples from the authors' three countries to illustrate the work that practitioners do in their work with children at risk, we argue that social work practice can be enhanced by the inclusion of these principles and practices which are essentially core generic social work practice. However, much of social work with the protection of children is bound by ‘risk’ perceptions which result in investigatory approaches being used as a first action, often to the exclusion of preventive approaches. This article demonstrates that in very different situations from different environments, CD in concert with the principles of the rights of the child can assist good outcomes with children at risk. A model is presented for unifying the worldview of human/children's rights with social work's core concern, the protection of children, using generic social work skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Positive attitude toward evidence-based practice (EBP) principles in healthcare education may be one of the first steps for motivating a healthcare professional student to later apply EBP principles in clinical decision-making. The objectives for this project were to pilot an international web-based survey of chiropractic students and to describe student attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge about EBP principles. Methods: We used SurveyMonkey™ to develop our survey based on an existing questionnaire used to measure basic knowledge, skills and beliefs about EBP among allied healthcare professionals and CAM practitioners. We invited 26 chiropractic educational institutions teaching in English and accredited by official organizations to participate. Academic officials and registrars at participating institutions forwarded an invitation email and two reminders to students between July and September 2010. The invitation contained a link to the 38-item web-based questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed for analysis. Results: Fourteen institutions from Australia, Canada, US, Denmark and New Zealand participated. Among an estimated 7,142 student recipients of invitation letters, 674 participated in the survey for an estimated response rate of 9.4%. Most respondents reported having access to medical/healthcare literature through the internet, but only 11% read literature every week and 21% did not read literature at all. Respondents generally agreed that the use of research evidence in chiropractic was important. Although 76% of respondents found it easy to understand research evidence and 81% had some level of confidence assessing the general worth of research articles, 71% felt they needed more training in EBP to be able to apply evidence in chiropractic care. Respondents without previous training in research methods had lower confidence in assessing published papers. While more than 60% marked the correct answer for two knowledge items, the mean number of correct answers to the five knowledge questions was 1.3 (SD 0.9). Conclusions: Although it is feasible to conduct an international web survey of chiropractic students, significant stakeholder participation is important to improve response rates. Students had relatively positive attitudes toward EBP. However, participants felt they needed more training in EBP and based on the knowledge questions they may need further training about basic research concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of call centre operations in public and private sectors is a notable development in the changing structure and nature of employment worldwide. This trend is clearly evident in the South Pacific with the establishment of a call centre as the official point of entry for the statutory child protection systems in both New Zealand and New South Wales. As sites of professional practice however call centres are a controversial development. This paper discusses the practice findings of a qualitative research project which explored the particularity of intake social work (ISW) with 14 social workers employed at the Child Youth and Families' (CYF) National Contact Centre (NCC) in New Zealand. Findings were established through semi structured interviews and thematic analysis. They reveal a unique practice combining attributes of social work and emergency communication services in a workplace environment subject to similar output requirements as those found in commercial call centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines ideas emerging from this longitudinal project in which secondary teachers in New Zealand schools have been developing their knowledge of literacy as a means of improving students' achievement. A noticeable trend is a gradual shift from thinking about teaching, to thinking about learners and their learning. This appears to be accompanied by better classroom relationships, and more positive and engaged attitudes from students. Such outcomes can link to improved educational achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the oral program of the Dietitians New Zealand Conference 2010 on September 2, 2010 in Dunedin, New Zealand.

The development of software in radiation oncology departments has seen the increase in capability from the Record and Verify software focused on patient safety to a fully-fledged Oncology Information System (OIS). This paper reports on the medical aspects of the implementation of a modern Oncology Information System (IMPAC MultiAccess®, also known as the Siemens LANTIS®) in a New Zealand hospital oncology department. The department was successful in translating paper procedures into electronic procedures, and the report focuses on the changes in approach to organisation and data use that occurred. The difficulties that were faced, which included procedural re-design, management of change, removal of paper, implementation cost, integration with the HIS, quality assurance and datasets, are highlighted along with the local solutions developed to overcome these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One o-going challenge for those teaching in higher education is to engage students in learning activities that are deemed meaningful and professionally relevant. Acknowledging this challenge, students in undergraduate and graduate papers at The University of Waikato have been introduced to using stories to analyse a range of satisfying and dissatisfying experiences. This process requires students to analyse and interpret the social construction of a lived experience through self and collective reflection of written memories. This paper comments on the process of having students connect between their everyday life and university study, provides a background to the memory-work methodology, and discusses how students can apply and respond to using this theoretical framework to acquire knowledge relevant to professional practice in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore speech-language pathologists' (SLP) practice in literacy prior to, and during, COVID-19 to understand the practicalities, feasibility and sustainability of telepractice literacy services. This exploratory study employed a cross-sectional survey comprising 46 questions covering participants' caseload profile and service delivery models, their assessment and intervention practices and telepractice delivery of literacy services. Participants were 44 SLPs working primarily in private practice and education with children and adolescents. Students with literacy difficulties comprised a significant proportion of SLPs' caseloads. Individual and group sessions were the most common format of delivery prior to COVID-19. In a telepractice model during COVID-19, SLPs saw fewer students overall. Most provided individual sessions only and reported cancellation of group sessions. SLPs described their practice in literacy as being aligned with evidence-based principles. A range of resources were used for literacy assessment and intervention. For most, their usual practice changed for telepractice. Many felt underprepared to use telepractice and experienced numerous challenges mostly relating to technology and family engagement. Literacy has become a core area of practice for SLPs; however, continued advocacy towards consultative and collaborative services is needed within onsite and telepractice models. Telepractice required SLPs to develop additional skills and modify usual practice. Despite experiencing challenges, many indicated they would continue with telepractice given its perceived benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decreasing oral intake is common towards the end of life and a potential source of distress and concern for patients, relatives, whānau and clinicians. This paper provides insight to inform practice regarding clinicians' perceptions, practices, responses and communication with patients and their companions regarding declining oral intake towards the end of life. Methods: In this qualitative study ten specialist palliative care staff participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: Three themes were identified: declining oral intake was a natural part of the dying process; responding empathetically; and clinicians described specific aims and ways regarding communication. Conclusion: Insight into clinicians' endeavours to manage declining oral intake and support the wellbeing of patients, families, and whānau can inform practice. However the perspectives of family, whānau and health professionals continue to show significant variation regarding the communication given and received around declining oral intake towards the end of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the oral program of the Dietitians New Zealand Conference 2010 on September 3, 2010 in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Introduction: It is well established that rural workforce outcomes are more likely among medical graduates who spend time training in non‐urban areas; however, fewer studies have assessed whether graduates are more likely to return to the specific area where they undertook rural training. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether graduates who had undertaken a regional–rural immersion program in Northland, NZ, were more likely to have returned to work in Northland as of mid‐2021, relative to peers who did not participate. Design: This prospective cohort study used longitudinal tracking survey responses, medical school administrative data and workforce outcome information. A multinomial model, accounting for other covariates, was built to determine the association between graduates practising in Northland (population ⟨ 100 000), which encompasses both rural (population ⟨ 25 000) and regional (25 000 ⟩ population ⟨ 100 000) areas, and having participated in a Northland‐based immersion program during medical school. The study population was University of Auckland domestic medical students graduating between 2009 and 2018, inclusive. Immersion program participants who responded to longitudinal career tracking surveys were included in the study sample. Findings The final sample size was 1320 students (80% of population of interest). Graduates who undertook the Northland immersion program (n = 169) were more likely than non‐participants (n = 1151) to be working in Northland as of 2020–2021 (relative risk: 3.2). Discussion and Conclusion: Regional–rural immersion programs might preferentially build workforces in that specific region; however, further research is required to understand whether these findings are generalizable, and the main reasons for this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In New Zealand and elsewhere, the workloads and counselling impact of counsellors in private practice have been seldom researched despite them comprising a substantial proportion of practitioners. Aim: This study sought to establish a profile of one self‐employed counsellor's caseload over several years, assess the impact of counselling using the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and provide an example of collaborative, practice‐based research (PBR). Method: A retrospective client review of client records included demographic information and ORS scores. Analyses identified the nature of any clinical change and its association with client demographics. Results: The average age of 720 clients was 41.5 years; 44% were male; and 71% were Pākehā versus 23% Māori. The average number of sessions was 2.4. For the 274 clients with first‐ and last‐session ORS scores, repeated ANOVAs revealed significant changes in ORS scores over time, irrespective of client characteristics and no significant interactions between any of the variables and gains over time. The effect size (0.9) was 'large', and Reliable Change Index indicators were comparable to overseas studies using adult subjects in public health settings. Discussion: The counsellor's caseload profile was similar to an earlier one and the gain in clients' ORS scores was comparable to those in several other countries and not associated with clients' demographic data. There are several reasons for counsellors to collaborate with others in analyses of their practice. This research provides a useful example of such collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights a study on the knowledge gap by examining the determinants of evidence implementation in New Zealand naturopathic practice. It provides the much-needed insight into the level of evidence-based practice engagement among New Zealand naturopaths, as well as the various factors impacting evidence implementation.

Previous research indicates psychologists' knowledge of near-death experiences (NDEs) is limited. NDE features can resemble some symptoms reported by those with mental health concerns, making them relevant to clinical understandings of diagnosis and treatment. We present preliminary findings of a case vignette study in which we sought the perceptions of 45 practicing registered psychologists in Aotearoa New Zealand. Open-ended responses revealed only 11% of the sample correctly identified the case as an NDE. Our findings are consistent with those of previous studies indicating psychologists in other parts of the world have limited knowledge of NDEs. We discuss the need for psychologists to proactively engage in NDE education as part of best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful integration of theory and practice is at the heart of developing professionally accountable social work practice. Despite integration being central to the development of professional practice, multiple pedagogical challenges in achieving this learning have been cited in the literature. These barriers are identified along with providing the rationale for actively seeking ways to bridge the perceived gap between theory and practice. Drawing upon a constructivist framework for learning the 'Critical intersections model: Mapping knowledge for practice' is presented and explained. The model is curriculum based, centred on bringing together theory from key knowledge bases with dimensions integral to critically reflecting on social work practice. Mapping knowledge is a process intended to help students and their field educators facilitate integration. This model is embedded in an understanding of practice that is underpinned by critical theory, taking account of factors related to culture and diversity, the 'expert by experience' perspective and considering implications for the profession of social work. This article concludes with a case example of the application of the critical intersections model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From policy to personal practice, injunctions to harness the positive effects of positive affects are pulsing through global emotion regimes. Scholarship tracing this phenomenon links the push for positivity – and other seemingly "entrepreneurial" affects – to neoliberal cultural formations. Within and beyond psychology, feminist analyses are highlighting the gendered address of these formations and their imbrication with contemporary femininities. While this raises important questions about the gendered implications of positivity imperatives, an absence of fine-grained empirical work means little is known regarding how positivity discourse is taken up and lived out. We draw from interviews with 24 women facing distinctive emotional management demands (influencers, mothers and service workers) to investigate how positivity inflects everyday living. Our analysis presents two affective–discursive repertoires that participants drew on to explain positivity: positivity as attractive relationality and positivity as agentic cognitive style. We also identified four figures who are central to positivity talk, and three affective – discursive practices linked to positivity: keeping emotions in check, virtuously declining negativity and triumphant positivity. We conclude that, while offering new and appealing feeling positions, positivity discourse may also reaffirm profoundly unequal patterns of emotional practice and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a study which explored language at work in the sensemaking of educational professionals. We investigated the way education professionals from four schools in one geographic area in New Zealand made sense of newspaper articles that addressed responsibility and accountability in education. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to gather data on how teachers made sense of these articles and how this sense affected their professional practice. The analysis revealed that four interpretative repertoires were used when making sense of the print media examples. These repertoires were labelled defensive, empathetic, cynical and collaborative. We discuss what these repertoires reveal about the way print media impacts on the education professionals' thinking and subsequent behaviour and the implications of the study for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper surveys current literature related to medication administration errors, the role of nurses in such errors, and current initiatives that are underway within New Zealand to address this aspect of patient safety. Setting: The literature review focused on research that primarily addresses the issues related to medications that arise in tertiary care facilities. Primary argument: Medication administration errors are reported to occur in one in five medication dosages. Such events have long been scrutinised, with the primary focus being the practice of nurses and their role in medication error. Analysis of such events frequently identifies the nurse as the deliverer of unsafe practice. However, over the past few years a shift in how medication errors are understood has led to the identification of systems-related issues that contribute to medication errors. Conclusion: Initiatives such as the 'Quality and Safe Use of Medicines' raise the opportunity to address some of the safety related issues with a view to enhancing patient safety. A call for nurses to pre-emptively drive and contribute to these initiatives, along with the development of nursing led research, is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of CAM use is increasing. This integrative review investigated New Zealand healthcare professionals' practice of, attitudes toward, and knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Methods: Literature search was conducted in four databases from inception to April 2020. Studies were included if they reported results from primary data collection on practice of, attitudes toward, or knowledge about CAM amongst New Zealand healthcare professionals. Results: Eleven studies (two of 'high-quality', seven of 'moderate-quality', and two of 'low-quality') were identified with 2060 healthcare professionals including general practitioners (GPs), nurses, midwives, pharmacists, physiotherapists, and medical specialists. New Zealand healthcare professionals were generally positive regarding CAM use, but have concerns on the scientific evidence, regulation, safety, financial costs of CAM, and encourage an evidence-based CAM practice and stronger CAM regulation. Findings indicated that around 25% of GPs practise CAM, and 82.3% refer patients to CAM practitioners. When treating pregnant women, 48.4% of physiotherapists practise acupuncture, and 37.3% of midwives recommend CAM. GPs believe that acupuncture is the most helpful CAM modality, and most commonly practiced and referred patients to acupuncture. Up to 58% of GPs and Plunket nurses wanted to receive further education on CAM, and up to 66.7% GPs favour the idea CAM should be included in medical curriculums. Conclusions: Nine of the 11 included studies were of moderate to high quality, thus enhancing the reliability of the review findings. In order to better manage CAM in New Zealand New Zealand clinical settings, there is a need to invest in CAM research and education, and enhance CAM regulation. This review is a first step in developing an evidence base to offer insights for further development of effective CAM policies regarding safety, efficacy, regulation and integration in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caloric restriction occurs when athletes attempt to reduce body fat or make weight. There is evidence that protein needs increase when athletes restrict calories or have low body fat. Purpose: The aims of this review were to evaluate the effects of dietary protein on body composition in energy-restricted resistance-trained athletes and to provide protein recommendations for these athletes. Methods: Database searches were performed from earliest record to July 2013 using the terms protein, and intake, or diet, and weight, or train, or restrict, or energy, or strength, and athlete. Studies (N = 6) needed to use adult (≥ 18 yrs), energy-restricted, resistance-trained (> 6 months) humans of lower body fat (males ≤ 23% and females ≤ 35%) performing resistance training. Protein intake, fat free mass (FFM) and body fat had to be reported. Results: Body fat percentage decreased (0.5-6.6%) in all study groups (N = 13) and FFM decreased (0.3-2.7kg) in nine of 13. Six groups gained, did not lose, or lost nonsignificant amounts of FFM. Five out of these six groups were among the highest in body fat, lowest in caloric restriction, or underwent novel resistance training stimuli. However, the one group that was not high in body fat that underwent substantial caloric restriction, without novel training stimuli, consumed the highest protein intake out of all the groups in this review (2.5-2.6g/kg). Conclusions: Protein needs for energy-restricted resistance-trained athletes are likely 2.3-3.1g/kg of FFM scaled upwards with severity of caloric restriction and leanness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]