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2. Disarmament, Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Couterproliferation: Focus, Scope, and Priority in United States Policy.
- Author
-
Smith, James M.
- Subjects
- *
ARMS control , *INTERNATIONAL security , *DISARMAMENT , *NUCLEAR nonproliferation , *NATIONAL security , *POLITICAL planning - Abstract
This paper builds on the paper Disarmament, Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Couterproliferation: In Search of Synergy and Policy Coherence that was presented at the combined International Security Studies Section, ISA, and National Security and Arms Control Section, APSA, meeting at Richmond, VA in October 2002. That initial paper examined the development of the four title policy elements against the emerging international security environment as a foundation from which to examine US Government internal policy, process, and organizational factors for arms control as a policy arena. The follow-on paper proposed here would depart from the same conceptual and process development, but it would examine the external position, emphasis, and priority of the four title elements in US external foreign and security policy and its implementation. The focus here will be on analyzing and critiquing the shift from, for example, nonproliferation to counterproliferation, and from relatively more collective approaches to arms control policy to a more unilateral emphasis. A preliminary outline would be something like the following: Policy Evolution (place, role, and priority in US policy) Disarmament and Arms Control Nonproliferation and Counterproliferation; Bush Administration Policy and Rationale No Place for Disarmament, An end to Arms Control Counterproliferation first, Nonproliferation in a Supporting Role; Policy Relevance and Recommendations; Nuclear Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Counterproliferation CBW Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Counterproliferation Conventional and Emerging Arms Control Arenas; Crafting and Implementing a Coherent and Synergistic Approach to Arms Control [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
3. Pernicious Peasants and Angry Young Men: The Strategic Demography of Threats.
- Author
-
Hartmann, Betsy and Hendrixson, Anne
- Subjects
- *
COLD War, 1945-1991 , *NATIONAL security , *POPULATION , *POLITICAL violence , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
This paper explores the demographic representations of threats in the post Cold War security context. Fears of differential fertility between regions, countries and ethnic groups have long been a focus of U.S. national security interests. Today, these fears center on differences in population growth rates between Israeli Jews and Palestinians, Hindus and Muslims in South Asia, and more generally Islamic countries and the West. Youth bulge theories predict that a high proportion of young males within a country predisposes it toward political violence. In the current war on terror defense and intelligence strategists are pointing toward youth bulges as an instigator of violence, especially in the Middle East. The paper also examines the gendered nature of these strategic doctrines as well as their integration into other international and domestic security models, e.g. environmental conflict theory, the superpredator explanation of juvenile crime, and racial profiling. It analyzes their relationship to migration issues and changing demographic realities such as mortality from the AIDS pandemic, slowing of population growth worldwide, and the gray dawn of population aging in the West. Are there subtle differences in the understanding and articulation of these threats among different political interests, e.g. conservative unilateralists and liberal multilateralists? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
4. Transatlantic Homeland Security Cooperation: The Art of Balancing Internal Security Objectives with Foreign Policy Concerns.
- Author
-
Pawlak, Patryk
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *COUNTERTERRORISM , *TERRORISTS , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
The 'National Vision' of the Bush Administration with regard to homeland security aimed to 'prevent the entry of terrorists and the instruments of terror while facilitating the legal flow of people, goods, and services'. International implications of homeland security measures have resulted in the emergence of new class of foreign policy makers: Customs and Border Protection, Transportation Security Administration, and other units in the Department of Homeland Security whose exposure to international partners increased considerably. This paper challenges a reader to make a certain conceptual shift and look at homeland security as a foreign policy issue as well as the internal security one. The analysis of transatlantic homeland security progresses in two steps. First, it explores the post-September 11th development of homeland security cooperation between the US and the EU in order to identify challenges to the transatlantic governance of homeland security. Then, the attention is paid to internal challenges stemming from domestic politics on each side but also to external ones posed by the international environment and third parties. Issues under discussion in this paper include aviation security and customs cooperation which represent most impressive but at the same time most problematic dimension of the contemporary transatlantic homeland security cooperation. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
5. Reconceptualizing Security: Global Environmental and Climate Change as New Security Dangers and Concerns.
- Author
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Brauch, Hans Güenter
- Subjects
- *
GLOBAL environmental change , *NATIONAL security , *CLIMATE change , *HURRICANE Katrina, 2005 , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
This paper will assess the manifold efforts to securitize global environmental change (GEC) as security dangers and concerns for national and human security that poses a new survival dilemma for those who are highly socially vulnerable due to the impact of natural hydrome¬teo¬¬rological hazards whose number and intensity has increased and is predicted to grow further due to the anthropogenic climate change. In the U.S. nearly as many people died due to the impact of Hurricane Katrina in August 2006 as of the terrorist attack of 11 September 2001. But the perception of these two cases as security concerns has differed not only between many governments within NATO but also among the people in Europe and in North America. The securitization of GEC has fundamentally differed and prevented so far effective global counter measures to adapt to and mitigate against the consequences of this new security threat where the enemy is us: our production and consumption patters as well as ways of life. Climate change as a new human and national security danger and concern poses new global equity problems between those countries and people that have contributed most to GEC and the survival of those poor people â" especially in the South â" whose livelihood and survival is directly threatened and who lack the resources for counter measures. The key thesis of this paper is that the turn towards the anthropocene requires a fundamental reconcep¬tua¬lizing of security as a result of a multi-, inter- and transdiciplinary process where natural and social scientists cooperate contributing to an anticipatory learning to prevent that the business as usual scenarios on climate change become reality with all its impact on global security policy. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
6. National Security and Domestic Structures in North America: Comparing Three Trajectories.
- Author
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Santa-Cruz, Arturo
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *NATIONAL security , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 - Abstract
Despite renewed interest in international security cooperation after 9-11, security coordination between Mexico, Canada and the United States has been limited. Lack of policy coordination between these three countries is no surprise. They all have developed different security doctrines and practices that are not likely to be changed in the near future. Hence, this paper will analyze the security policies of three North American countries from the end of World War II to the September 11 attacks. Post-World War II analysis will allow me to analyze how structural conditions regarding bipolarity interacted with the domestic conditions of each country. The second period to be analyzed, pre-September 11, will illustrate how structural changes are not immediately translated into new security doctrines, at least not in the near future. Policy adaptation tends to be slow and not always progressive. This paper will be structured in five sections. The first three sections will examine each countryâs security doctrines during the Cold War period, focusing on the interaction between international and domestic politics. The fourth section will compare and contrast how each country reacted differently vis-Ã -vis the end of the Cold War. Finally, the last section will evaluate the implications of these findings and its impact on North American security cooperation. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
7. Why Not Preempt? An Analysis of the Impact of Legal and Normative Constraints on the Use of Anticipatory Military Activities.
- Author
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Bzostek, Rachel
- Subjects
- *
PREEMPTIVE attack (Military science) , *DEFENSIVE (Military science) , *MILITARY offensives , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *MILITARY science - Abstract
The 2002 National Security Strategy for the United States focused American strategic policy around the use, or potential use, of preemptive/preventive strikes, particularly as a counter-proliferation and counter-terrorism tool. While preemption and prevention are not new strategies, they have never been highlighted to such a degree as is currently the case. These activities have been studied in the context of international security, using elements such as spiral models and offense-defense theory. This paper seeks to examine if other elements, specifically international law and normative issues, such as just war tradition, contribute to our understanding of the use, or non-use, of preventive or preemptive actions by states. The results indicate that the limitations on the use of anticipatory military activities found in international law and the just war tradition do not have a significant impact on the likelihood that these actions will be used by states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
8. Why Not Preempt? An Analysis of the Impact of Legal and Normative Constraints.
- Author
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Bzostek, Rachel
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *PREEMPTIVE attack (Military science) , *INTERNATIONAL security , *WAR (International law) , *INTERNATIONAL law , *JUST war doctrine - Abstract
The 2002 National Security Strategy for the United States focused American strategic policy around the use, or potential use, of preemptive/preventive strikes, particularly as a counter-proliferation and counter-terrorism tool. While preemption and prevention are not new strategies, they have never been highlighted to such a degree as is currently the case. These activities have been studied in the context of international security, using elements such as spiral models and offense-defense theory. This paper seeks to examine if other elements, specifically international law and normative issues, such as just war tradition, contribute to our understanding of the use, or non-use, of preventive or preemptive actions by states. The results indicate that the limitations on the use of anticipatory military activities found in international law and the just war tradition do not have a significant impact on the likelihood that these actions will be used by states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Security and Fear: The Geopolitics of Intimate Partner Violence Policing.
- Author
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Cuomo, Dana
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL security ,VIOLENCE ,INTIMATE partner violence ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
This paper builds upon feminist critiques of security interventions in the name of ‘protecting women’ to link United States municipal policing practices for intimate partner violence with global security interventions. Policing intervention into intimate partner violence emerged in the last twenty-five years; however as I argue, these policing practices are situated within narrow conceptions of masculinist security that often fail to address victims' multiple security needs. While not dismissing the importance of arresting intimate partner violence abusers, this paper examines the ways that policing can create additional and different embodied fears and insecurities for victims. Using the tools of emotional geopolitics, this paper traces victims’ fears following the arrest of their abuser to understand the temporal and spatial moments of fear in relation to security interventions. This methodological approach examines the limitations of masculinist protection while reimagining security to consider the emotional security needs and fears of those being protected. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Climate change: A new threat to stability in West Africa? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso.
- Author
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Brown, Oli and Crawford, Alec
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,ECONOMIC stabilization ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,ECONOMIC policy ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
Traditionally seen as an environmental and an energy issue, climate change is now being recast as a threat to international peace and security. Africa, though the least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, is seen as the continent most likely to suffer its worst consequences - a function of the continent's reliance on climate-dependent sectors (such as rain-fed agriculture) and its history of resource, ethnic and political conflict. The security implications of climate change have become the subject of unprecedented international attention, and in 2007 climate change was the focus of both a Security Council debate and the Nobel Peace Prize. There have been some attempts to construct scenarios of the ways in which warming temperatures might undermine security on a global scale. But the security impacts of climate change at the level of countries have been lost in the political rhetoric. This paper is an effort to address this research gap. Drawing on field visits and consultations with local experts, the authors explore the extent to which climate change could undermine stability in two different West African countries, namely Ghana and Burkina Faso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Balancing Multiple Interests: Can the United States be Security Partners with Non-Democracies?
- Author
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Zierler, Matthew C.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL security , *MILITARY policy , *NATIONAL security , *DICTATORSHIP ,UNITED States military relations - Abstract
An enduring pressure for U.S. foreign policy makers has been upholding and promoting the values of the United States while often necessarily working with dictators and authoritarian regimes for national security concerns. This paper examines the ways in w ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
12. US Global Governmentality in Outer Space: Managing âFreedom of Spaceâ and Preparing for (Any) Contingency.
- Author
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Grondin, David
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL security , *GOVERNMENTALITY , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
This paper applies Michel Foucaultâs work on security dispositifs and liberal governmentality that he has developed in his Collège de Franceâs lectures Il faut défendre la société (1976), Sécurité, territoire et population (1977) and Naissance de la biopolitique (1978) to US global security strategy and discourse. It focuses more specifically on US global governmentality as it relates to outer space, asking how through the US national security governmental(ized) regime Space is being contingently managed. Hence, on the one hand, it looks at how security as a form of management of contingency is being applied to the logic of managing the access to outer space and the freedom of Space, and, on the other hand, it reflects on the political rationalities and technologies at play in the US reordering of international law and legal regime in outer space. It is understood that the Foucauldian outlook here follows more the management of contingency and the preparation towards a âfuture to comeâ (un à -venir) as there is no more identifiable enemies than a disciplinary society system in the likes of Foucaultâs 1972 Discipline and Punish, even though long-established disciplinary practices in the US national security governmental regime are still somewhat present. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
13. Security Developments in the Asia-Pacific Region.
- Author
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Weber, Katja
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *POLITICAL stability , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
In the aftermath of WWII, and once again at the end of the Cold War, Europeans created order and thereby enhanced their stability. As the following discussion will make clear, they did so by transcending historical legacies, including former enemies into security structures, tying the US to the European continent and thus, over time, promoting principles, norms and rules that built trust and redefined identities. Or, put differently, Europeans promoted peace and stability by giving rise to what Webber et. al. (2004) and Kirchner (2006) characterize as "security governance." Security provisions in the Asia-Pacific region look very different. History there is still a "neuralgic point" (Berger 2006) and a "hub and spokes network" consisting of five bilateral alliances, along with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (a "security regime" which is gradually moving toward a "security community") and the ASEAN Regional Forum were created over time to stabilize the region. Recognizing that Asia is not Europe, the paper argues that the process of European security provisions, nevertheless, provides useful lessons for the Asia-Pacific region, particularly when it comes to the institutionalization of trust on multiple levels--a development that appears inevitable to assure regional stability in the long-run. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
14. The Proliferation Paradox: Why Efforts to Reduce the Number of Nuclear States May Backfire.
- Author
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Oakes, Amy
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEAR nonproliferation , *NUCLEAR weapons , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
The conventional wisdom suggests that, rather than adopting a one-size-fits all approach to nonproliferation, the strategies employed to dissuade states from obtaining nuclear weapons should vary depending upon the particular reasons why the target country is pursuing a nuclear program. This appears perfectly logical: we need to tailor our strategies to the unique circumstances of each case. States may seek a nuclear capability, after all, for a variety of reasons, including to: (1) enhance national security against a regional or international threat, (2) coerce or blackmail rivals in order to make gains, or (3) shore up domestic support or pursue great-power status by pursuing a high-profile foreign policy goal. Thus, for example, the best strategy to deal with states seeking nuclear weapons for purposes of blackmail might be a policy based on credible deterrence.Embracing this widely accepted view of nonproliferation might be self-defeating, however, due to what I term the proliferation paradox. By adopting a differentiated approach to nonproliferation, there is considerable potential for unintended and pernicious demonstration effects. A strategy to dissuade certain states motivated by X from developing nuclear weapons may subsequently heighten the desire for a nuclear capability among other states motivated by Y. One of the clearest examples of this phenomenon occurs when a threat of preemptive action against an aggressive proliferation exacerbates a security concerns for other states in the region, which respond by proliferating. Indeed, states eager to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons may unwittingly set off a dangerous spiral of proliferation. Although each non-proliferation strategy is tailored to each case, and works quite effectively in local terms, the overall result, paradoxically, is to encourage system wide proliferation.The solution is not to fall back on a one-size-fits all nonproliferation strategy but instead recognize that each proliferator is not an island, apart from the main, but instead forms part of a complex system. The United States needs to consider both the effectiveness of nonproliferation strategies in each individual case and the likely ways in which they will affect system-wide proliferation. This paper explores the extent to which this dynamic operates, by examining through deductive logic how strategies designed to deal with one type of proliferator can backfire with other types of proliferators, followed by detailed case studies of the United States' nonproliferation policy in Asia and the Middle East together with specific recommendations for future U.S. nonproliferation policy. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
15. The Security Strategies of the European Union and the United States as Global Actors: Shifts and Connections in Culture, Function and Power The Case of the ESDP.
- Author
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Möttölä, Kari
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The emergence of the European Union as an actor of its kind with a global strategy coincides with the transformation of the international order shaped by the hegemonic position of the United States. The EU does not challenge the United States in traditional power and its efficiency suffers from inherent institutional weaknesses. Still, the EU equals the United States in the global scope of its security agenda with interests and objectives. The United States, while adhering to its doctrine of power primacy, subjects the EU to expectations and demands regarding burden sharing. While common interests may make cooperation between the EU and the US over global problems and new security threats an issue of pragmatic and functional character, political cultures shaping European and American views of such fundamental aspects of the international order as sovereignty and multilateralism differ significantly. Moreover, in pursuing interests and objectives that differ from those of the United States, the EU has to evoke structural dimensions of power. The paper looks at the structural, functional and ideational elements of the grand strategies of the European Union and the United States and how their security relations are arranged in the international system. More closely, an empirical analysis is made of the effectiveness of the Common European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) as a strategic asset of the EU in addressing and shaping the relationship with the United States, directly and indirectly through EU-NATO relations. The empirical analysis is focused on the military aspects proper of the development of the ESDP, with the concept and policy of autonomy as the starting point. The evolution of capabilities, missions and doctrines is reviewed as evidence of strategies of bargaining, binding and balancing of the European Union towards the United States. Summary of conclusions in Table 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
16. SECURITY PERCEIVED AS A CULTURAL CONCEPT: THE AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE.
- Author
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GHITA-PIRNUTA, Oana-Andreea
- Subjects
POLITICAL culture ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL security ,STRATEGIC culture ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
The present paper aims to analyze the political acceptance of the concept of security as it helps understanding the issue of national and global security. Power is the most influential factor that determines the behavior of states in the international system and therefore it is the main enemy concerning global peace and order. It is worth to highlight how strategic culture can improve the perception of security. Each state focuses upon its own interests and this aspect does not guarantee that the other states will cooperate for maintaining peace and world order and this situation is continuously feeding the global insecurity. This study focuses on the concept of political culture of the United States analyzing the relationship between culture and politics within the framework of the political system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
17. America's Rebalance to Asia and its Implications for Japan-US-Australia Security Cooperation.
- Author
-
Satake, Tomohiko and Ishihara, Yusuke
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,NATIONAL security - Abstract
How does America's greater focus on Asia impact the security policies of Japan and Australia? How does it change the nature of the Japan-US-Australia security partnership? This paper attempts to answer these questions by looking at Japanese and Australian responses to the Obama Administration's new security policy toward Asia called “rebalancing.” After examining them, it argues that the regional allied response to America's new security posture has generated greater momentum for both allies to collaborate in wider areas in a more timely and effective way than before. It concludes asserting that, in the era of rebalance, Japan, the United States, and Australia have not only deepened their existing cooperation, but also have expanded potential areas of cooperation toward a more “dynamic” partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Between Normality and Uniqueness: Unwrapping the Enigma of Japanese Security Policy Decision-Making.
- Author
-
HOWE, BRENDAN
- Subjects
JAPANESE foreign relations ,DECISION making ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,BUREAUCRACY ,FOREIGN relations of the United States -- 1865- ,EAST-West divide ,MILITARY relations - Abstract
To many observers Japanese decision-making is an enigma that defies conventional analysis. Neither the traditional rational actor model of decision-making, nor alternative pluralist models proposed for the analysis of Western democracies fit the Japanese case. As a result Japanese security policy decision-making is described as ‘reactive’ or even non-existent. Likewise, the anomaly of Japanese decision-making is ultimately predicted to be resolved through a process of ‘normalization’ whereby Japanese policy formation evolves into a form that does fit these models. However, this paper contends that the fact that Japan’s security decision-making does not fit commonly-used models is due rather to the limitations of those models. Japan’s security policy, like that of all states, is gradually evolving, but this does not mean that it is about to become just like the West. This paper addresses how a conjuncture of external factors and internal factors has stimulated important changes in Japanese security policy-making which are frequently missed or misinterpreted by observers. In order to understand Japanese security policy-making, and to chart its future course, a refined cybernetic approach is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Rival but Peaceful? Examining Cross-Taiwan Strait Relations with the Rivalry Framework.
- Author
-
Chih-Chieh Chou
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *RESEARCH , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *BORDER security - Abstract
please see the uploaded paper ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
20. New Imperialism as ?Neo-Reaganite? Strategy; the Role of Neoconservative Intellectuals of Statecraft in post-9.11.01 American Foreign Policy.
- Author
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Kiersey, Nicholas J.
- Subjects
- *
IMPERIALISM , *POLITICAL doctrines , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
This study will attempt to historicize America?s New Imperialism by locating its practices in an emerging post-Cold War security discourse. That is, in an ongoing discussion among American ?intellectuals of statecraft? concerning the official strategic or ?geopolitical? threats or problems that confront America in an era of complex globalization. In this poster, I look at the origins, practices, and ambitions of neoconservative statesmen and develop a genealogical framework for understanding why, despite the obvious constraints of soft power, they have opted to pursue a unilateral agenda. In closing, I look at the ‘counter-scripts’ confronting neoconservative discourse in the aftermath of the failure to capitalize on an initially successful invasion of Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. US Security Professionals Understanding the Security Strategies of Weak and Failing States and Non-State Actors.
- Author
-
Jebb, Cindy R. and Rhind, Scott
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *POLICY sciences - Abstract
The United States Military Academy’s International Security Seminar enables future officers to explore the security environment, constraints, and policies of weak and failing states and non-state actors. An understanding of these actors is vital to US security professionals as we anticipate second and third order effects of US foreign policy; however, the dearth of international relations theory that explains and predicts the behavior of these actors has hindered policy makers from planning for these second and third order effects. What domestic and international policies and actions should we expect from weak and failing states, and from non-state actors, under current and future international conditions? The seminar explores the weaknesses of international relations theory as it applies to weak and failing states and non-state actors and then applies other models that can help to explain observed and expected behaviors. The seminar establishes a conceptual framework to explain how weak and failing states and non-state actors define security and, subsequently, develop security strategies. The conceptual framework accounts for these actors’ domestic, regional, and international security environments and their limited military, diplomatic, information, and economic means. The seminar addresses four central questions: (1) the nature of weak and failing state and non-state actor security (2) the security environment in which these actors operate (3) how these actors plan for their security (4) what factors influence their choices. The first block of the course establishes the conceptual framework and fundamental concepts. The second block assesses the military, diplomatic, information, and economic means available to weak states. The third block allows in-depth analysis from the perspective of a weak or failing state or a non-state actor. Throughout the block, cadets role play both sides of a security diad, enabling students to apply the conceptual framework by transforming domestic and strategic inputs into policy decisions and defense programs. The fourth block questions the applicability of the framework to anticipated changes in the security environment and means available to these actors. Throughout the course, cadets explore non-US perspectives and discover their our own biases with respect to the security of non-US actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
22. The New Security Dilemma Revisited: Neomedievalism and the Limits of Hegemony.
- Author
-
Cerny, Philip G.
- Subjects
- *
HEGEMONY , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *GLOBALIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Globalization, far from being a monolithic economic phenomenon, involves a range of complex economic, social, and political trends that are unpacking the Westphalian inter state security system. These trends include, in particular, ! complex economic interdependence, ! ideological fragmentation, multiculturalism, postmodernity, etc., and ! the expansion of diverse, ad hoc processes of global governance. In this context, a growing range of actors, especially non state social and economic actors, find increasing incentives to defect from the state bound international security order. The result is a fragmentation of both threats and responses in a fluid Aneo medieval@ political environment. These new conditions of (un)governability create strong incentives for political entrepreneurs to experiment with untested projects for creating (or re creating) top down control, including attempts to impose unilateral American hegemony, among others. However, these projects themselves become sources of instability and conflict as they in turn reinforce incentives for defection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
23. The Securitization of the US–Canada Border in American Political Discourse.
- Author
-
Salter, Mark B. and Piché, Geneviève
- Subjects
BORDER security ,BORDERLANDS ,INTERNATIONAL security ,NATIONAL security - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Bandwagonistas: rhetorical re-description, strategic choice and the politics of counter-insurgency.
- Author
-
Michaels, Jeffrey H. and Ford, Matthew
- Subjects
AFGHAN War, 2001-2021 ,COUNTERINSURGENCY ,MILITARY policy ,MILITARY science ,INTERNATIONAL security ,NATIONAL security ,UNITED States politics & government, 2009-2017 - Abstract
This paper seeks to explore how a particular narrative focused on population-centric counterinsurgency shaped American strategy during the Autumn 2009 Presidential review on Afghanistan, examine the narrative's genealogy and suggest weaknesses and inconsistencies that exist within it. More precisely our ambition is to show how through a process of 'rhetorical re-description' this narrative has come to dominate contemporary American strategic discourse. We argue that in order to promote and legitimate their case, a contemporary 'COIN Lobby' of influential warrior scholars, academics and commentators utilizes select historical interpretations of counterinsurgency and limits discussion of COIN to what they consider to be failures in implementation. As a result, it has become very difficult for other ways of conceptualizing the counterinsurgency problem to emerge into the policy debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN SECURITY.
- Author
-
LONGHURST, KERRY and ZABOROWSKI, MARCIN
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
The transformation of transatlantic security relations after 9/11 remains the subject of extensive scrutiny. Academics and practitioners alike continue to seek an explanation for the stark divergences in national security policies that transpired in the period between 2001 and 2003. This paper argues that the existence of national strategic cultures in shaping states security policies and perspectives towards the use of force in particular is crucial to any comprehensive understanding of recent developments in transatlantic security. Furthermore, only when the perspectives of states from Central and Eastern Europe are brought more centrally into analysis can a clearer prognosis of the longer term consequences for both transatlantic security and Europe’s own ambitions to become a secruity actor be reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. International Security Begins at Home: International Norms, Local Practices, and Civil Security in Canada.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *SOCIAL norms , *INTERNATIONAL security , *COUNTERTERRORISM ,CANADIAN foreign relations, 1945- - Abstract
Civil or homeland security provides an interesting case for the study of norms transmission. The ânorm-takersâ in these cases are often officials in cities or arms of government not typically responsible for foreign policy or defence: transportation, civil infrastructure protection, and emergency management. These levels and branches of government are not an obvious site for international relations and security policy, but they have become the focus of policy for preventing and responding to terrorism. However, there is some precedent for civil security norms penetrating arms of government not typical seen to be engaged in international security: the civil defence policies of the cold war. I apply Amitav Acharyaâs idea of norm localization, whereby local norms-takers engage in a dynamic process of interaction to adapt local and transnational norms to match each other, to civil security. How do local officials localize regional and global anti-terrorism norms to environments where global security is a new priority, but which already have well-established norms for dealing with natural disasters, crime, and other emergencies? The literature on norms diffusion typically posits a trickle-down effect, with transnational norms-entrepreneurs generating norms to be implemented domestically. But in this situation where local actors possess expertise in emergency response, is there evidence of a trickle-up effect, with local practice influencing regional or international norms? This paper will also contribute to the literature on the life-cycle of norms because it will focus on a case where localization may include re-invigorating the dormant norms of civil defence. Empirically, the paper will examine Canadian civil security policy, with a focus on the all-hazards norm for responding to emergencies. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
27. Weak States, Global Threats, and U.S. National Security: A Research and Policy Agenda.
- Author
-
Patrick, Stewart
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Since 9/11, members of both foreign policy and academic communities have advanced sweeping claims about the purported connection between states weakness in the developing world and critical global and transnational threats. The underlying assumption, in the words of the 2002 National Security Strategy, is that ?the United States today is threatened less by conquering states than we are by weak and failing ones.? To date, the proposition that weak and failing states serve as incubators and transmission belts for all manner of global ?bads? has relied almost entirely on anecdotal evidence (e.g., al Qaeda?s operations in Afghanistan and Somalia). The paper will begin by documenting the main causal claims about the connection between state fragility and transnational threats (including terrorism, international crime, human trafficking, health epidemics, humanitarian catastrophes, energy insecurity, and environmental degradation). It will outline a research agenda, including quantitative and qualitative methods, designed to test the hypotheses implicit in these causal claims. The paper will then summarize some of the initial research findings and discuss their implications for a more integrated U.S. foreign policy toward weak states and global threats. The paper will be the basis for the first chapter of a longer book manuscript I am writing on Weak States, Global Threats, and U.S. National Security. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
28. Security and the reframing of liberty in the 'Age of Terror'.
- Author
-
Bell, Colleen
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL rights , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009 - Abstract
Decrying the erosion of freedom in the name of security, the International Civil Liberties Monitoring Group reports that since the events of September 11th the surveillance and policing of people have been intensified by the use of new mechanisms: "sneak and peak" in the US, "stop and search" in the UK, "preventative detention" in Canada and "indefinite detention without trial" worldwide. Within the frame of the "war on terror," the relationship between civil liberties and security is being transformed. This paper argues, however, that these developments do not merely signal an erosion of civil rights in the name of national and international security, but a reconstitution of the meaning of liberty and freedom. By examining representations of liberty within contemporary security practices in the US, the UK and Canada, this paper will illuminate the conditions under which current security measures have been rationalized and deemed necessary for the continuation of liberal democracy itself. As security is posited as both entwined with the protection of territorialized nation-states while also imperative for the protection of liberty, this paper considers how new practices of security have come to serve as mechanisms for the liberal governance of populations. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
29. Threat Inflation, Existential Threat, & Domestic Mobilization for War.
- Author
-
Strathman, Brent
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL security , *STATESMEN , *THREATS , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
Although threat is central to international security, few works examine how statesmen manipulate external threats to satisfy their own security goals. This paper provides a theory of threat inflation, and investigates cases of American adventurism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
30. Dealing with new threats to international security: Finally fitting the new terrorism into existing theories of international relations.
- Author
-
DiPaolo, Amanda and Stanislawski, Bartosz
- Subjects
- *
REALISM , *TERRORISM , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *WEAPONS of mass destruction , *DETERRENCE (Military strategy) - Abstract
Realists currently do not have a lot to say about terrorism.‘New terrorism’ and the asymmetric threats posed by it show the shortcomings of realism as states are being forced to react to non-state actors, such as terrorist organizations, in order to defend their own homeland. New threats to international security are posed by non-state actors through their use of global mechanisms as military weapons of destruction. As a result, past national strategies of deterrence and/or intervention have become outdated and inadequate in meeting the challenges from hardly visible threats which cross multiple boundaries. That is why it is necessary to renew realism in a way that is not contrary to its core assumptions and that would allow for it to take into account the role of non-state actors played in the realm of international security. This paper shows how realism fails to explain ‘new terrorism’ as a threat to international security. We examine current theories of asymmetric threats (that ‘new terrorism’ relies on for methods of attack) which currently are not applied to non-state actors. We examine the accuracy of current asymmetric threat theories. It is our contention that existing theories of asymmetric threats alone do not appropriately explain why the weak can defeat the strong. Therefore, we will examine terrorist attacks committed by Al Qaeda, using our theory of asymmetric threats that will stem from the synthesis of two existing theories. Finally, we will offer a modification to realism by suggesting that while states remain the dominant actor on the international arena, the role of the violent non-state actors must be acknowledged, eventually leading to policies effectively counteract and combat the asymmetric threats posed to international security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
31. A call to arms: Hero–villain narratives in US security discourse.
- Author
-
Homolar, Alexandra
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,POLITICAL psychology ,PRESIDENTIAL libraries ,INTERNATIONAL security ,NATIONAL archives - Abstract
The rhetoric leaders use to speak to domestic audiences about security is not simply bluster. Political agents rely upon stories of enmity and threat to represent what is happening in the international arena, to whom and why, in order to push national and international security policy agendas. They do so for the simple reason that a good story is a powerful political device. This article examines historical 'calls to arms' in the United States, based on insights from archival research at US presidential libraries and the United States National Archives. Drawing on narrative theory and political psychology, the article develops a new analytic framework to explain the political currency and staying power of hero–villain security narratives, which divide the world into opposing spheres of 'good' and 'evil'. Shifting the conceptual focus away from speakers and settings towards audience and affect, it argues that the resonance of hero–villain security narratives lies in the way their plot structure keeps the audience in suspense. Because they are consequential rhetorical tools that shape security policy practices, the stories political agents tell about security demand greater attention in the broader field of international security studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Protecting our Ports: Efforts to Enhance International Security Cooperation.
- Author
-
Cruise, Rebecca and Grillot, Suzette
- Subjects
- *
BORDER security , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *HARBOR security , *GEOGRAPHIC boundaries - Abstract
Since the events of 9/11/01, there has been much discussion of the pores nature of US boarders and ports of entry. Considering the importance of the issue, there has been little academic debate regarding domestic and international policies to ensure port security, and even less academic research on the cooperation that such policies require and how cooperation is being advanced. We seek to remedy this deficiency.In recent years the US has taken the position as the lead actor in calling for more international cooperation and convergence of policies in how countries review containerized shipments and how they maintain security at ports. This paper asks if the US actions are motivated solely out of concern for securing its own ports, or if there is a genuine interest in cooperation for the sake of global security. Essentially, we will determine if the US' willingness to work with other countries is best represented by a power or interest based theory of cooperation. Additionally, we will determine the ramifications of the US' lead role, asking, if the US' reputation is hindering international cooperation on this important issue. Through the course of our research it will be necessary to review domestic policies and agency interaction, as well as the steps that are being taken on the international front. Finally, we hope to be able to address the implications of an international port security regime and to make some policy prescriptions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
33. Two Roads to Clean Air? Kyoto's Challenge to Transatlantic Relations.
- Author
-
Aronsson, Lisa
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy on climate change , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security ,UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11 ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
There has been much talk, in recent years, of a ?transatlantic crisis? and a number of scholars have asserted that the structure and politics of transatlantic security relations are undergoing fundamental change. In the context of climate change, there has been a major dispute over the most important institutional characteristics of the Kyoto Protocol. The most divisive issues have been the necessity of binding targets, the kinds of implementation mechanisms, and the roles that developing countries should play in the regime, especially in its early stages. The United States has consistently favored non-binding targets, market mechanisms, and the inclusion of developing countries while most European countries, on the other hand, have argued that binding targets are necessary, that there should be regulatory mechanisms set in place, and that developing countries should be excluded. Is this transatlantic gap purely the result of differing economic interests and vulnerabilities? Is there an element of power politics at play? Or is it evidence that the US and the EU have different (and perhaps conflicting) approaches towards institution-building and dealing with global security threats? This paper will explore the development of the transatlantic dispute over Kyoto and it will argue that economic interests, Atlantic politics, and different understandings of security played a role in polarizing the debate at different places and at different times. Ultimately, while there is still consensus across the Atlantic over a number of security and economic issues, the Kyoto dispute is an example of a widening gap between American and European visions of how international institutions should function in maintaining world order. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
34. Democratic Instability: Democratic Consolidation and Regional Security Dynamics in East Asia.
- Author
-
Il Hyun Cho
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRATIZATION , *DEMOCRACY , *PRESIDENTS of the United States , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
In an era in which the Bush administration?s plea for spreading democracy has been a cornerstone of American security strategy, the security repercussions of democratic consolidation in general and its impact on regional security dynamics in particular have been regrettably understudied. Numerous politicians, including President George W. Bush, have simply touted the East Asian experiences in democracy as a model for a democratic Middle East. Upon closer observation, the story is not only far more complicated but also alarmingly dangerous: Contrary to the ?democratic peace? thesis, democratic consolidation has recently become a source of instability in East Asia. The East Asian case is also interesting because contrary to Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder?s thesis that democratizing countries are prone to instability, it is not the early transition period but the consolidation of democratization that appears to be fodder for regional tension. Based on a comparative analysis of recent developments in Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan, this paper examines the impact of the deepening of democratization in East Asia on regional security dynamics. More specifically, democratic consolidation in East Asia has opened up a dynamic, interactive process in which foreign policy orientation in each country becomes more conflictual, as manifest in Taiwan?s aggressive push for de jure independence, South Korea?s increasing anti-American and anti-Japanese sentiments, and Japan?s growing assertiveness in its regional diplomacy. As such, instead of unproblematically accepting democratization as a panacea for regional stability, we need to explore the regional context in which democratic processes affect domestic security dynamics in ways that may worsen patterns of regional interaction. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
35. Regional (In)security: The Politics of Defense Integration in the Gulf Cooperation Council.
- Author
-
Diehl, Christopher
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The American security umbrella that extends over the GCC is often quickly attributed to a "defense for the free flow of oil" arrangement between the United States and the kingdoms of the Gulf. Such an explanation may accurately describe the current state of affairs, but it does little to explain how or why the GCC has come to rely on the US for defense. The GCC was formed for the very purpose of security and subsequent events of the 1980s and 90s further underscored the need for a regional security alliance. The GCC has also spent exorbitant amounts of money on procuring the most modern and advanced weapon systems available over the last two and a half decades. Given the necessity and apparent will to defend itself, why has the GCC failed to develop an integrated military force or cooperative security policy? This paper will examine some of the factors that have prevented the GCC from doing so. The GCC's ultimate ability to act in concert on defense and security has been hampered by early ambiguity in articulating its actual mission, a poor showing in response to the invasion of Kuwait, diverging interests and threat perceptions and internal distractions among the individual member states. Bilateral security cooperation with the US continues to be the order of the day and a return to GCC-centric cooperation appears unlikely until other nations of the region can be brought into a security relationship and the US resumes an over-the-horizon approach towards the Gulf. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
36. The US, Latin America and Mexico and the crisis of security: a failure for Sub State Diplomacy?
- Author
-
Ugalde, José Luis Valdés
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *TERRORISM , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *UNILATERAL acts (International law) - Abstract
The current U.S. security strategy contains several relevant elements, and some of them are new. At the inter-American level, the most important issue is whether security will override indefinitely other important issues of U.S.-Latin American relations. The end of the Cold War radically changed the global panorama and gave rise to the emergence of new actors and issues on the international agenda that are currently challenging the scenario of the world order. Terrorism, drug trafficking, and the fight against organized crime are some of the big problems to be tackled. September 11 produced a rigorous review of U.S. security doctrine, giving rise to preemptive action and homeland security, which demonstrate how the United States concentrated on implementing unilateral policies by adopting a strategy towards guaranteeing security "vis-à-vis everyone and despite everyone." The future of Latin America in U.S. national security plans, at least in the short term, was relegated to a back burner, just as multilateralism became the mechanism par excellence for solving conflicts in the international arena. In the eight years of the George W. Bush presidency, the United States returned to a vertical unilateralism, with extraordinary implications for international security. The U.S. also relatively abandoned some of the regions allegedly of importance, such as Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
37. U.S. Global Security Policy, the UN, and the World: Historical Reflections.
- Author
-
Moore Jr., John Allphin
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security laws , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security ,UNITED States politics & government - Abstract
U.S. Global Security Policy, the UN, and the World: Historical Reflections John Allphin Moore, Jr. California State Polytechnic University Pomona, CA The end of the Cold War and the shocking events of 11 September 2001 have stirred debate in the United States about the country’s security and foreign policies. Commentators and policy-makers have engaged in a search for viable new policies in what are viewed as dangerously altered historical circumstances. Because the United States remains so powerful, both economically and militarily, this internal debate has large ramifications for the rest of the world, including for the United Nations. In the early twenty-first century the American government began to pursue a novel policy that appeared unilateral instead of cooperative, that announced the legitimacy of “preemptive” or “preventive” war, and that seemed more pugnacious than in former times. Even critics of the new posture, however, suggested that earlier American policies must be replaced by ones that more effectively address ominous and unanticipated contemporary challenges. This paper will suggest that – contrary to the proposition that former diplomatic practices are now outdated – three examples from the history of American foreign relations of enduring and rather successful policies may well be worth reconsidering, even in the new circumstances. These include specific injunctions proffered by George Washington in his Farewell Address of 1796, the “Containment” policy heralded by George F. Kennan’s famous “X” article in 1947, and the wide-ranging “internationalist” policy crafted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration in the closing days of World War II. These three approaches to security and diplomatic matters differ from America’s post-9/11 deportment, yet they may offer healthy and practical alternatives. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
38. THE NEXT GENERATION SAFEGUARDS INITIATIVE (NGSI): 2010 AND BEYOND.
- Author
-
Whitney, Mark, Lockwood, Dunbar, LaMontagne, Stephen, Sunshine, Alexander, Dupuy, Gregory, and Scholz, Melissa
- Subjects
NUCLEAR facility security measures ,INTERNATIONAL security ,NATIONAL security - Abstract
The U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration launched the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) in 2008 to develop the policies, concepts, technologies, expertise, and international safeguards infrastructure necessary to strengthen and sustain the international safeguards system as it evolves to meet new challenges over the next 25 years. Following a successful 2009, NGSI is positioned to make significant progress toward these goals in 2010 and beyond. NGSI has recently completed a number of policy studies on advanced safeguards concepts and sponsored several workshops, including a second international meeting on Harmonization of International Safeguards Infrastructure Development in Vienna. The program is also continuing multi-year projects to investigate advanced nondestructive assay techniques, enhance recruitment and training efforts, and strengthen international cooperation on safeguards. This paper presents a review of NGSI program activities in 2010 and previews upcoming activities in the near future, including the Third International Meeting on Next Generation Safeguards, scheduled for December 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
39. National Identity and National Security in Norway and the U.S.
- Author
-
Restad, Hilde Eliassen
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL character , *INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
The author argues that despite their different position in the international system, ânational identityâ is a useful analytical concept when examining the policies of Norway and the U.S. toward international security institutions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
40. How American is the War on Terror? The Genesis of a European Consensus against Terrorism and its Never Ending Failure.
- Author
-
Guittet, Emmanuel-Pierre
- Subjects
- *
WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009 , *INTERNATIONAL security , *NATIONAL security , *TERRORISM ,EUROPEAN foreign relations, 1989- - Abstract
The âwar against terrorismâ is certainly not an American invention. Indeed the current excesses and failures of antiterrorist policies were already a European concern prior to the 9/11 attacks and the ensuing common perception of a transatlantic rift in the debate on the ânecessary sacrificeâ of liberties in the name of national and international security. The historical background of contemporary European security concerns might thus allow shedding new light upon current American military Homeland counterinsurgency thinking. Instead of jumping on the bandwagon of easy explanations of the topical focus on the balance between liberty and security, I will suggest delving into the historical roots of the way in which these problems have been expressed in Europe and why. Such a historical perspective indeed raises a crucial question: how much longer shall we be made to believe that fighting terrorism is a proof of democratic values? ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
41. On Estimating Post-Cold War Enemy Intentions.
- Author
-
Mandel, Robert
- Subjects
- *
COLD War, 1945-1991 , *INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
In the Winter 1978 issue of International Security, Raymond L. Garthoff authored a seminal article outlining common fallacies in United States government estimates of enemy intentions during the Cold War. Based on lengthy government service, his insights were at the time quite eye-opening in highlighting the often dysfunctional proclivities surrounding such intelligence analysis. Now after around thirty years it seems appropriate to revisit fallaciesâ"evaluating old ones and introducing new onesâ"surrounding intentions estimates in the post-Cold War (and post-9/11) security setting. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
42. Configurations of Petro-Terrorism: Colonial Scripts, Gender Violence, and International Security.
- Author
-
Turcotte, Heather M.
- Subjects
- *
TERRORISM , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *PETROLEUM industry , *SEX crimes - Abstract
The article explores how the representations and practices of petro-terrorism came to be spectacular moments of U.S. and international security discourses. In particular, it discusses how state discourses of security regulate bodies and violence through the language of terrorism, and to what extent this articulation of petroleum violence facilitate or necessitate gender and sexual violence within the international system.
- Published
- 2008
43. Cultural Diversity and Security after 9/11.
- Subjects
- *
MULTICULTURALISM , *NATIONAL security , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *INTERNATIONAL security , *PEACE , *TERRORISM , *SECURITY systems - Abstract
The article focuses on cultural diversity and security after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 in the U.S. It questions how security paradigms such as national security and human security respond to questions of cultural diversity within states. It states that the international security paradigm aspires towards the condition of peace, order and lawfulness within the society of states. It also notes that problems related to cultural diversity have received renewed interest following the terrorist attacks.
- Published
- 2005
44. Political Developments in the Post '55 System and Japan's Foreign-Security Policy Conduct.
- Author
-
Ono, Na'oki
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security ,JAPANESE foreign relations ,JAPAN-United States relations - Abstract
An essay is presented on post cold war foreign and security policy being implemented by Japan. It discusses the changes in international security threat level and the responses of Japan. It mentions that the factor that contribute to the active participation of Japan in security issues is its enhancement of the U.S. and Japan alliance relations after the cold war.
- Published
- 2005
45. The Only Thing We Have to Fear: Post 9/11 Institutionalization of In-security.
- Author
-
Çelikpala, Mitat and Ö;ztürk, Duygu
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 ,TERRORISM ,COUNTERTERRORISM ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 2001-2009 ,INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
Copyright of International Relations / Uluslararasi Iliskiler is the property of International Relations Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
46. C2 to the Tactical Edge.
- Author
-
FAMME, JOSEPH B., PRICE, BRYAN, RAITCH, TED, and DAVISON, JIM
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL security ,AMPHIBIOUS assault ships ,AMPHIBIOUS warfare ,BORDER security ,HULLS (Naval architecture) - Abstract
The United States and Allied Maritime domain dominance of sea approaches, lengthy coastlines, and associated rivers and ports is essential. At risk are the security and the economies of the United States and allied countries. The classical Mahan strategies for control of the maritime domain are the role of ships of the line, submarines, and aircraft in roles for Sea and Choke Points Control and Amphibious Assault. Current threats have proven the need to extend tactical response options beyond the ship's hull to its boats and RHIBs used for security and 'combatant' craft roles including antipiracy, antidrug, illegal trade, and border security. The stakes are high for these 'outside the hull' craft operations because the threats beyond the ship's hull are increasingly more capable and violent and the legal stakes are frequently international in nature. Positive control of these boats is also required for safety-at-sea in darkness and rough sea states. Under these conditions command and control (C2) functions similar to the capabilities of ships of the line are now required to be extended to the ship's manned craft in a distributed defensive and offensive role outside the hull of the ship. The ASNE topics list suggested 'Engineering the Fighter Integer ... into a Distributed Defense Architecture.' This paper will address the potential threat scenarios, the associated C2 requirements for success, and postulate C2 solutions as available to the United States and allied navies for distributed defensive and offensive architectures for the manned boats beyond the hull of the ship: we call this, 'C2 to the Tactical Edge.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Soviet Foreign-Policy Think Tanks.
- Author
-
Schneider, Eberhard
- Subjects
SOVIET Union foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL solidarity ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL security ,RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
The article offers information on the evolution of several institutions which deal with the dissemination of data regarding Soviet foreign policy. It is posed that Soviet Western research started in April 1925 with the foundation of the Institute of World Economics and World Politics. This institute's aim is to enhance the Soviet leadership's knowledge about the United States. Relative to this, the Soviets describe the Institute of World Economics and International Relations, the Institute of the International Workers' Movement, and the Institute of U. S. A. and Canada as research centers on modern monopolistic capitalism.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. FOREIGN POLICY: BUSH IS HALF RIGHT.
- Author
-
Nussbaum, Bruce
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL security - Abstract
Comments on "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America," a report to the U.S. Congress by President George W. Bush. Author's criticism against the tone and the message of the report; Possible impact of the report on the U.S. relations with the international community; Basic tenets of the Bush report.
- Published
- 2002
49. REVISING THE OLD PLAN.
- Author
-
Robinson, Linda and Walsh, Kenneth T.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *COUNTERTERRORISM , *PREEMPTIVE attack (Military science) , *INTERNATIONAL security , *WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009 - Abstract
This article reports on a change in the U.S. government's national security strategy as revealed in a paper by National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley in March 2006. The document describes the terrorist threat as a "murderous ideology" that will require military force plus a "battle of ideas" to defeat. Hadley also called on other countries to assist the U.S. in the war on terrorism. The document outlined the U.S. policy of a preemptive first strike against terrorist nations, a policy thought to be aimed at Iran.
- Published
- 2006
50. THE GEOPOLITICS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS: EMERGING CHALLENGE FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY AND ECONOMICS.
- Author
-
CHAPMAN, BERT
- Subjects
RARE earth metals ,GEOPOLITICS ,NATIONAL security ,ECONOMICS ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) contain unique chemical and physical properties such as lanthanum, are found in small concentrations, need extensive precise processes to separate, and are critical components of modern technologies such as laser guidance systems, personal electronics such as IPhones, satellites, and military weapons systems as varied as Virginia-class fast attack submarines, DDG-51 Aegis destroyers, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and precision guided munitions. The U.S. has some rare earth resources, but is heavily dependent on access to them from countries as varied as Afghanistan, Bolivia, and China. Losing access to these resources would have significant adverse economic, military, and political implications for the U.S. and its allies if their supply sources are restricted or eliminated. This article will examine the critical strategic importance of these resources, the historical origins and contemporary development of U.S. policy toward strategic minerals, and how multiple U.S. Government agencies are involved in this emerging policymaking arena. It features significant use of U.S. and foreign government statistics and analyses and scholarly journal literature. It will conclude by suggesting efforts to limit the severity of this problem to the U.S.' economy and national security interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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