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Sulfur‐containing functional groups have garnered considerable attention due to their common occurrence in ligands, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides. Nevertheless, enantioselective synthesis of sulfilimines, particularly diaryl sulfilimines remains a challenging and persistent goal. Herein we report a highly enantio‐ and chemoselective cross–coupling of sulfenamides with aryl diazonium salt to construct diverse S(IV) stereocenters by Pd catalysis. Bisphosphine ligands bearing sulfinamide groups play a crucial role in achieving high reactivity and selectivity. This approach provides a general, modular and divergent framework for quickly synthesizing chiral sulfilimines and sulfoximines that are otherwise challenging to access. In addition, the origins of the high chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity were extensively investigated using density functional theory calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterials hold significant promise for enhancing the imaging capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines as an additive technology, due to their unique ability to enhance local magnetic fields. However, despite their potential, the metamaterials reported in the context of MRI applications have often been impractical. This impracticality arises from their predominantly flat configurations and their susceptibility to shifts in resonance frequencies, preventing them from realizing their optimal performance. Here, a computational method for designing wearable and tunable metamaterials via freeform auxetics is introduced. The proposed computational‐design tools yield an approach to solving the complex circle packing problems in an interactive and efficient manner, thus facilitating the development of deployable metamaterials configured in freeform shapes. With such tools, the developed metamaterials may readily conform to a patient's knee, ankle, head, or any part of the body in need of imaging, and while ensuring an optimal resonance frequency, thereby paving the way for the widespread adoption of metamaterials in clinical MRI applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Percutaneous repair is an alternative to open surgical repair of the Achilles tendon with comparable, functional results and low re‐rupture and infection rates; however, sural nerve injury is a known complication. The purpose of this study is to design a new surgical procedure, the minimally invasive peritendinous submembrane access technique (MIS‐PSAT). It offers optimal results, with excellent functional outcomes, and with minimal soft tissue complications and sural nerve injury. Methods: This retrospective study included 249 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon ruptures treated at our institution between 2009 and 2019. All patients underwent MIS‐PSAT at our institution and were followed up for 8–48 months. Functional evaluation was based on the Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle‐Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS‐AHS), associated with local complications and isokinetic tests. Results: None of the patients had infection, necrosis, or sural nerve injury. Re‐rupture occurred in two cases. The average times to return to work and sports was 10.4 and 31.6 weeks, respectively. The average ATRS and AOFAS‐AHS scores were 90.2 and 95.7, respectively, with an excellent rate of 99.5%. Isokinetic tests showed that ankle function on the affected side was comparable with that on the healthy side (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The MIS‐PSAT for acute Achilles tendon rupture is easy to perform with few complications. Importantly, the surgical technique reduces the risk of sural nerve injuries. Patients have high postoperative satisfaction, low re‐rupture rates, and muscle strength, and endurance can be restored to levels similar to those on the healthy side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To characterize the phenotype spectrum, diagnosis, and response to growth‐promoting therapy in patients with ACAN variants causing familial short stature. Methods: Three families with ACAN variants causing short stature were reported. Similar cases in the literature were summarized, and the genotype and phenotype were analyzed. Results: Three novel heterozygous variants, c.757+1G>A, (splicing), c.6229delG, p.(Asp2078Tfs*1), and c.6679C>T, p.(Gln2227*) in the ACAN gene were identified. A total of 314 individuals with heterozygous variants from 105 families and 8 individuals with homozygous variants from 4 families were confirmed to have ACAN variants from literature and our 3 cases. Including our 3 cases, the variants reported comprised 33 frameshift, 39 missense, 23 nonsense, 5 splicing, 4 deletion, and 1 translocation variants. Variation points are scattered throughout the gene, while exons 12, 15, and 10 were most common (25/105, 11/105, and 10/105, respectively). Some identical variants existing in different families could be hot variants, c.532A>T, p.(Asn178Tyr), c.1411C>T, p.(Gln471*), c.1608C>A, p.(Tyr536*), c.2026+1G>A, (splicing), and c.7276G>T, p.(Glu2426*). Short stature, early‐onset osteoarthritis, brachydactyly, midfacial hypoplasia, and early growth cessation were the common phenotypic features. The 48 children who received rhGH (and GnRHa) treatment had a significant height improvement compared with before (−2.18 ± 1.06 SD vs. −2.69 ± 0.95 SD, p < 0.001). The heights of children who received rhGH (and GnRHa) treatment were significantly improved compared with those of untreated adults (−2.20 ± 1.10 SD vs. −3.24 ± 1.14 SD, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study achieves a new understanding of the phenotypic spectrum, diagnosis, and management of individuals with ACAN variants. No clear genotype–phenotype relationship of patients with ACAN variants was found. Gene sequencing is necessary to diagnose ACAN variants that cause short stature. In general, appropriate rhGH and/or GnRHa therapy can improve the adult height of affected pediatric patients caused by ACAN variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the safety and application value of combining Laennec extracapsular occlusion with ICG fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy. Methods: Complete laparoscopic dissection was performed outside the Laennec sheath, blocking Glisson's pedicle of the corresponding liver segment or lobe. An appropriate amount of indocyanine green (ICG) dye was intravenously injected, and the boundary line between the pre‐cut liver segment and liver lobe was identified using fluorescence laparoscopy. Complete resection of the liver segment or lobe was performed based on anatomical markers. Clinical data, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications, were collected. Results: A total of 14 cases were included in the study, including seven cases of primary liver cancer, three cases of metastatic liver cancer, three cases of intrahepatic bile duct calculi, and one case of hepatic hemangioma. All 14 patients underwent anatomic hepatectomy under fluorescent laparoscopy, with four cases involving the right liver, seven cases involving the left liver, two cases involving the right anterior lobe, and one case involving the right posterior lobe. Conclusion: Combining laparoscopic follow‐up of the Laennec membrane with Glisson outer sheath block and intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging provides real‐time guidance for locating the resection boundaries during anatomic hepatectomy. This approach helps in controlling intraoperative bleeding, reducing operation time, and ensuring high safety. It holds significant value in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Identifying risk factors that have significant explanatory power for the cross‐sectional asset returns is fundamental in asset pricing. We adopt a novel automatic debiased machine learning (ADML) method proposed by Chernozhukov, Newey, and Singh (2022) to robustly estimate partial pricing effect of a certain factor controlling for a large number of confounding factors under a nonlinear stochastic discount factor (SDF) assumption. The ADML resolves biased estimation, non‐robustness, and overfitting issues that are common to traditional machine learning approaches. We find that the most significant factors selected by the ADML outperform the Fama–French sparse factors and factors identified via the double‐selection LASSO method under a linear factor model assumption. Out of a high‐dimensional zoo of US stock market factors commonly tested in the finance literature, we identify approximately 30 to 50 factors having significant but declining pricing power in explaining the cross‐section of stock returns. Our findings are robust to hyperparameter settings and choices of test assets and machine learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural optimization is essential to improve the performance of mixing equipment. An efficient optimization strategy based on computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, and the multi‐objective genetic algorithm was proposed to predict and optimize the performance of the stirred tank. Single‐factor analysis was performed to study the effects of structural parameters on power consumption and mixing time, which were reduced by 16.0% and 1.4%, respectively, in the optimized stirred vessel. To further optimize the stirred tank geometries and maximize the integrated performance, XGB coupled NSGA‐ІІ were utilized to minimize the power consumption and mixing time. The optimal design parameters from the Pareto front were identified by two well‐known decision‐making methods (LINMAP and TOPSIS), which decreased power consumption and mixing time by 12.3% and 13.4% compared to the stirred tank with the baseline structure. This research further confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the machine learning‐based optimization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) dose titration is necessary because of its narrow therapeutic index and frequently encountered dose‐limiting hematopoietic toxicity. However, evidence‐based guidelines for gene‐based 6‐MP dosing have not been established for Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This multicenter, randomized, open‐label, active‐controlled clinical trial randomly assigned Chinese children with low‐ or intermediate‐risk ALL in a 1:1 ratio to receive TPMT–NUDT15 gene–based dosing of 6‐MP (N = 44, 10 to 50 mg/m2/day) or standard dosing (N = 44, 50 mg/m2/day) during maintenance therapy. The primary end point was the incidence of 6‐MP myelosuppression in both groups. Secondary end points included frequencies of 6‐MP hepatotoxicity, duration of myelosuppression and leukopenia, event‐free survival, and steady‐state concentrations of active metabolites (6‐thioguaninenucleotides and 6‐methylmercaptopurine nucleotides) in erythrocytes. A 2.2‐fold decrease in myelosuppression, the primary end point, was observed in the gene‐based–dose group using ~ 50% of the standard initial 6‐MP dose (odds ratio, 0.26, 95% confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.64, P = 0.003). Patients in the gene‐based–dose group had a significantly lower risk of developing thiopurine‐induced myelosuppression and leukopenia (P = 0.015 and P = 0.022, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the secondary end points of the incidence of hepatotoxicity and steady‐state concentrations of active metabolites in erythrocytes between the two groups. TPMT‐ and NUDT15‐based dosing of 6‐MP will significantly contribute toward further reducing the incidence of leukopenia in Chinese children with ALL. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov as #NCT04228393. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays an integral role in anxiety disorders (such as post traumatic stress disorder) stem from dysregulated fear memory. The excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA correlates with fear memory, and the afterhyperpolarization current (IAHP) mediated by small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel subtype 2 (SK2) dominates the excitability of glutamatergicneurons. This study aimed to explore the effect of MPP2 interacts with SK2 in the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA and the extinction of conditioned fear in mice. Methods: Fear memory was analyzed via freezing percentage. Western blotting and fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression of protein and mRNA respectively. Electrophysiology was employed to measure the excitability of glutamatergic neurons and IAHP. Results: Fear conditioning decreased the levels of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA, which were restored following fear extinction. Notably, reduced expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear conditioning was caused by the increased activity of protein kinase A (PKA), while increased levels of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear extinction were mediated by interactions with membrane‐palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2). Conclusions: Our results revealed that MPP2 interacts with the SK2 channels and rescues the excitability of glutamatergic neurons by increasing the expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA to promote the normalization of anxiety disorders and provide a new direction for the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monkeypox (mpox), a viral zoonotic disease, is spreading worldwide. However, evidence that informs prevention and control strategies in the Asia Pacific Region is very limited. Our study aims to investigate the experiences of mpox patients from infection to treatment to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control. A multicenter qualitative design was used. A total of 15 mpox patients were recruited between July 6 and July 25, 2023, from six cities in China. Semistructured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using the thematic analysis. The interview was divided into two sections: patients' experiences (prediagnosis experience, treatment‐seeking experience, and quarantine experience) and advice. Prediagnosis experience was summarized into three themes: symptoms, possible routes of infection, and knowledge of mpox. Treatment‐seeking experience was summarized into three themes: time of visit to hospital, diagnostic difficulties, and attitude toward diagnosis. Quarantine experience was summarized into three themes: body and mind reactions, reluctance to self‐disclose infection status, and factors facilitating recovery. Themes identified from patients' advice were as follows: (1) Increase in testing channels and methods, (2) Development and introduction of vaccines, (3) Adjustment of quarantine program, (4) Improvement of treatment measures, and (5) Improvement of publicity and education. To effectively curb the mpox epidemic, structured measures are urgently needed to address the mpox‐related stigma and discrimination. Targeted health education should be provided to MSM, focusing on the prevention, detection, and treatment services. Hospitals should enhance the training of clinicians in key departments including infectious disease and dermatology, to improve diagnostic capability and sensitivity. Furthermore, given the absence of specific antiviral medications, supervised home quarantine may be a good option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new phosphine‐catalyzed reaction of α‐substituted allenes with aryl imines, in stark contrast to classic cycloaddition reactions, has been developed. This reaction delivers valuable highly functionalized itaconimides with excellent stereoselectivities by a new «un‐cyclizing» reaction mode involving β′‐carbon of α‐substituted allenes. Moreover, the present «un‐cyclizing» reaction can also be carried out in a one‐pot fashion and scaled up to the gram scale by using aryl aldehydes, without the need to isolate the aryl imines. Mechanistic studies and control experiments reveal the crucial role of H2CO3 for the present reaction mode. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the possible mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes pose a serious threat to ensuring crop yield and quality. Finding novel fungicidal candidates based on natural products is one of the critical methods for developing effective and environmentally friendly pesticides. In this study, a series of salicylaldehyde derivatives containing an α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone moiety were designed, synthesized, and their fungicidal activities were evaluated. RESULTS: The bioassay studies indicated that compound C3 displayed an excellent in vitro activity against Rhizoctonia solani with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.65 μg/mL, higher than that of pyraclostrobin (EC50 = 1.44 μg/mL) and comparable to that of carbendazim (EC50 = 0.33 μg/mL). For Valsa mali and Phytophthora capsici, compound C3 also showed good fungicidal activities with EC50 values of 0.91 and 1.33 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, compound C3 exhibited promising protective in vivo activity against R. solani (84.1%) at 100 μg/mL, which was better than that of pyraclostrobin (78.4%). The pot experiment displayed that compound C3 had 74.8% protective efficacy against R. solani at 200 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of validamycin (78.2%). The antifungal mode of action research indicated that compound C3 could change the mycelial morphology and ultrastructure, increase cell membrane permeability, affect respiratory metabolism by binding to complex III, and inhibit the germination and formation of sclerotia, thereby effectively controlling the disease. CONCLUSION: The present study provides support for the application of these salicylaldehyde derivatives as promising potential pesticides with remarkable and broad‐spectrum fungicidal activities against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in crop protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is one of the most common metrics in assessing the image quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among a host of technological developments, various wireless devices, including metamaterials and volumetric wireless resonators have been reported to enhance SNR by redistributing the radio frequency magnetic field in the near field region. While theoretically feasible, their widespread clinical adoption has been limited by their field inhomogeneity, limited spatial coverage and challenges in their applications to higher field (≥3.0T) MRI systems. In this study, a Helmholtz coil‐inspired volumetric wireless resonator (HVWR) featuring a uniform magnetic field enhancement within the resonator volume is reported. The HVWR is free from cables, adapters and interface boxes, allowing for ease of fabrication and straightforward installation. The resonator allows for resonance frequency tunability and adaptivity, enabling for passive detuning during the MRI transmission phase. Experimental validation using a 3.0T MRI system demonstrate a substantial SNR boost (5× or higher) being achieved in a region covering the average size of the human knee. This study offers an efficient and practical wireless solution for improved MRI image quality that may be applicable across a range of imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with structural designability and tunability of photophysical properties enable them to be a promising class of organic luminescent materials by incorporating well‐designed fluorescent units directly into the periodic skeletons. The photophysical properties of COFs are mainly affected by the structural features, which determine the conjugation degree, charge delocalization ability, and exciton dynamics of COFs. To understand the relationship between COF structures and their photophysical properties, two COFs with the same pyrene chromophore units but different linkages (imine or vinylene) were designed and synthesized. Interestingly, different linkages endow COFs with huge differences in solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) for imine‐ and vinylene‐linked pyrene‐based COFs, which possess PLQY values of 0.34 % and 15.43 %, respectively. The femtosecond‐transient absorption spectra and time‐dependent density functional theory reveal the different charge‐transfer pathways in imine‐ and vinylene‐linked COFs, which influence the exciton relaxation way and fluorescence intensity. In addition, an effective white‐light device was obtained by coating the vinylene‐linked COF on a light‐emitting diode strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human mpox is occurring worldwide, however, evidence from the Asian Pacific Region is limited. In this multicenter cross‐sectional study, information of confirmed mpox cases diagnosed between June 1 and July 31, 2023 in China. Information included demographic and epidemiological characteristics, and clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and mental health status of mpox cases. A total of 115 confirmed mpox cases were enrolled. All cases were men. A total of 102 (90.3%) identified as homosexual. The median age was 31.0 years (interquartile range 27.0–36.5). A total of 65 (56.5%) were HIV‐positive, of whom 92.3% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 19/39 (40.4%) had a CD4 cell count <500 cells/μL. Systemic features such as fever (73.0%), lymphadenopathies (49.6%), and myalgia (28.7%) were commonly observed. Skin lesions were present in all participants: 49.6% in the genital area and 27.0% in the perianal area. Vesicular rash (78.3%) and papular rash (44.3%) were the most common lesion morphologies. People living with HIV were more likely to have anxiety than those living without HIV. The majority of mpox cases had primary genital lesions and sexual activities before diagnosis, which supports the likelihood of sexual contact transmission. Guidelines on hospitalization and isolation protocols for mpox patients necessitate further confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of machine learning in physicochemical properties modeling has great potential to accelerate the application of emerging materials. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), an emerging class of solvents, are promising for applications as inexpensive "designer" solvents. Due to the unique structure of DESs, the hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor can be varied to create a mixture with specific physical properties. In this work, we proposed random forest (RF) models to predict the densities and the surface tensions of DESs, which are essential for the separation process. In the proposed models, the structural information and the calculated critical properties were used as two different types of features, respectively. The results demonstrate that the RF models predict the densities and surface tensions of DESs with high accuracy, with absolute average relative deviation (AARD%) less than 1% in the prediction of density and 3% in the prediction of surface tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is well recognized. While several studies have examined the occurrence of PFAS in WWTPs, studies assessing the extent to which unit processes impact PFAS phase distribution are relatively lacking. Herein, PFAS enrichment in foams generated during aeration and PFAS accumulation in solids dewatering streams were evaluated in WWTPs. Results of this screening‐level study showed that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were enriched up to three orders of magnitude in foams relative to the aqueous phase. Similarly, total PFAS concentrations in solids dewatering streams were enriched up to 380 times relative to the aqueous influent. The PFAS mass in the dewatering stream was a significant component of the overall PFAS mass exiting the WWTP at one of the facilities examined. Results of this study suggest that there is potential to mitigate PFAS by improved management of these foams and dewatering waste streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels are promising materials for electronic skin due to their flexibility and modifiability. Reported hydrogel electronic skins can recognize stimulations and output signals, but the single output signal and the requirement of external power source limit their further applications. In this study, inspired by the neuron system, the self‐powered neuron system‐like hydrogels based on gelatin, water/glycerin and ionic liquid modified metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are prepared. The optimized hydrogel exhibits excellent adhesion (40 kPa), stretchability (0%–100%), water retention (>92% at 0% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere), ionic conductivity (>10−3 S m−1) and stability (>30 days). Besides, the neuron system‐like hydrogels are highly sensitive to pressure (0—10 N) and humidity (0%–75% RH) with dual‐modal output, without external power source. Finally, the optimized hydrogel ionic skin is applied in human motion detection, energy harvesting, and low humidity sensing. This study provides a preliminary exploration of self‐powered ionic skin for multi‐application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a simple, noninvasive, and reproducible test, and FeNO (50 ml/s) is often used to reflect airway inflammation. The peripheral small airway/alveolar nitric oxide (NO) concentration is derived from the output of NO at multiple flow rates. Concentration of alveolar NO (CANO), which has been reported to reflect peripheral small airway inflammation, may be related to parameters that reflect abnormal small airway function. Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship among CANO levels, clinical features, and small airway function‐related indicators in patients with stable asthma and to provide a simple method for monitoring small airway function in asthma. Design and Methods: We recruited 144 patients with well‐controlled, stable asthma, including 69 patients with normal small airway function (normal group) and 75 patients with small airway dysfunction (abnormal group). CANO and pulmonary function were measured. Results: CANO was significantly higher in the abnormal group ([7.28 ± 3.25] ppb) than the normal group CANO ([2.87 ± 1.50] ppb). FEF25–75%pred ([55.0 ± 16.5]%), FEF50%pred ([46.4 ± 13.2]%), and FEF75%pred ([41.9 ± 13.1]%) in abnormal group were significantly lower compared with normal group ([89.9 ± 7.5]%), ([80.9 ± 6.8]%), and ([73.8 ± 5.0]%). CANO was negatively correlated and FEF25–75%pred, FEF50%pred, and FEF75%pred (r = −0.87, P < 0.001; r = −0.82, P < 0.001; r = −0.78, P < 0.001). CANO was positively correlated with age (r = 0.27, P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.875 for CANO. The optimal cutoff point of 5.3 ppb had sensitivity and specificity values of 72% and 92% in diagnosing small airway dysfunction. Conclusion: CANO has diagnostic value for small airway dysfunction, and the optimal cutoff value is 5.3 ppb. However, the diagnostic evidence is still insufficient, so it still needs further exploration for its value in detecting small airway dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical behavior of releasing energy in a short time, catapulting is a way for organisms to adapt to complex and changeable environments, such as crossing terrain obstacles and spreading seeds. The essence of catapulting behavior is that plants and animals use their structural characteristics to control elastic strain energy locking, triggering, and releasing under external stimulation. At present, bistable or multistable structures are attractive for optimizing the system energy and improving the performance of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) soft actuators. However, the overelaborate designation of such structures makes it a great challenge to achieve fast morphing LCE soft actuators. Here, a light‐driven azobenzene liquid crystal elastomer (azo‐LCE) soft actuator mimicking the catapulting behavior of fern sporangia is reported. 2D azo‐LCE monoliths are simply folded to construct V‐shaped structures as 3D catapults, which exhibit higher morphing velocity upon UV light, and the morphing velocity is related to the aspect ratio of films. Furthermore, asymmetric morphing behavior occurs by constructing localized UV irradiation conditions, which greatly improves the morphing velocity. It is envisioned that the origami‐inspired azo‐LCE catapults can be further designed as the throwing component in fast‐morphing soft robots for the remote delivery of microcargoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, green hydrogen harvesting from electrochemical water splitting is overly reliant on noble metals with high catalytic activity but low natural abundance and high cost. As one of potential earth‐abundant alternatives, copper, however, displays a poor hydrogen evolving capability, mainly due to inherently a weak hydrogen binding energy (HBE). It poses a substantial restriction to metallic Cu alone serving as primary active sites for high‐performance hydrogen evolution. Thanks to the presence of hydrogen spillover that was often overlooked during the electrocatalysis, the hydrogen evolution in a nonacidic electrolyte can be accelerated by the recombination desorption of adsorbed hydrogen over Cu with a weak HBE. Here, we concisely highlighted this promotion effect of secondary active Cu on electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and eagerly expected to extend hydrogen spillover effects to the advance of multi‐site electrocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncolytic viruses (OVs), including oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), are promising therapeutics against cancer. Here, we report two ICP6‐mutated HSVs (type I) generated by CRISPR/Cas9, rHSV1/∆RR (with ICP6 ribonucleotide reductase [RR] domain deleted) and rHSV1/∆ICP6 (with a complete deletion of ICP6), exhibiting potent antitumor efficacy against lung adenocarcinoma. Both the mutants showed strong cytotoxicity in vitro, comparable with the control viruses expressing intact ICP6, but in relatively lower titers. Moreover, these mutant viruses exhibited preferential killing ability against lung tumor cells rather than normal lung fibroblast cells. Further, unlike the control HSV‐1 causing severe illness or death in the mouse model, the ICP6‐mutated viruses did not induce significant pathogenicity but instead effectively reduced tumor burden in vivo and led to 100% survival of the animals, indicating notable antitumor activity and attenuated virulence. In addition, rHSV1/∆RR seemed to have even better antitumor efficacy than rHSV1/∆ICP6, albeit no statistical significance in inhibition of tumor volume. Histopathologically, rHSV1/∆RR induced massive neutrophil infiltration to the tumor microenvironment and consistently, triggered more antitumor immune and neutrophil chemotactic cytokines or higher expression levels of them (indicated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and transcriptome analyses). These results demonstrate the anti‐adenocarcinoma potential of the CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered ICP6 mutant HSV1, especially the rHSV1/∆RR, which likely induces stronger innate antitumor immune response. Together, these findings may provide new valuable clues for further development of OV‐based therapeutics against lung adenocarcinoma or other types of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin and drift history of the South Qiangtang block (SQB) is critical to understanding the internal dimensions and kinematics of the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic Tethyan realm and the subsequent evolution of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, but so far no paleomagnetic data constrain the SQB in Paleozoic time. Here we present a paleomagnetic study of the middle Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the SQB. Well‐defined high‐temperature components of magnetization were isolated from 6 sites of tuffaceous sandstone and 9 sites of basalt, but their directional populations are distinct. On the basis of a conglomerate test and comparisons with younger paleomagnetic data, we argue the basalts preserve a primary magnetization, whereas the sandstones may have been remagnetized during the Triassic. The magnetic directions from the basalt indicate that the SQB was located at a latitude of 22.3 ± 5.8°S during the middle Permian. Together with existing paleomagnetic data from other Tethyan continental blocks, this new constraint reveals that during the middle Permian the Neo‐Tethys Ocean spanned ∼10–20° of latitude and the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean spanned ∼50°, but also that the latter was a composite ocean system which included at least two important branches. In further considering the geological records of the SQB, we propose the block rifted from the northern margin of Gondwana during opening of the Neo‐Tethys in early Permian time, and then drifted rapidly northward until ultimately colliding with the North Qiangtang block and the southern margin of Laurasia during final closure of the Paleo‐Tethys in the Triassic. Plain Language Summary: The formation of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau involved the opening and closing of multiple oceans (the 'Tethyan' oceans) and the rifting, drifting and collision of multiple continental blocks, but quantitative paleogeographic constraints on the motions of these tectonic 'puzzle pieces' are scarce. Here we present paleomagnetic data from one of the central pieces of this puzzle—the South Qiangtang block—which allow us to determine that it was located at a latitude of ∼22°S in middle Permian time, 265 million years ago. This paleolatitude constraint further allows us to estimate the width of the Tethyan oceans on either side of the South Qiangtang block in the middle Permian, providing a first‐order snapshot of the evolving paleogeographic puzzle that gave rise to the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Key Points: The South Qiangtang block was located at ∼22°S in the middle PermianThe width of the Paleo‐Tethys exceeded 5,500 km in the middle Permian, when the width of the Neo‐Tethys was ∼1,000–2,000 kmThe South Qiangtang block drifted rapidly northward with the Cimmerian blocks in early Permian to Late Triassic time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry desulfurization employing porous adsorbents is industrially preferred but efficient capture of sulfur dioxide (SO2) at the ultralow concentration (i.e., 2000 ppm) is exceptionally challenging. Metal–organic frameworks with open metal sites (OMSs) can provide sufficient interactions with SO2, which, in turn, will degrade or compromise the structural robustness. Herein, we reported Cu‐ATC that contains dense oppositely positioned Cu OMSs for efficient trace SO2 removal. Explicitly, Cu‐ATC adsorbs a benchmark amount of SO2 (5.3 mmol g−1) at 0.01 bar with a record‐high SO2 storage density of 2.23 g cm−3 at ambient conditions. The critical role of OMSs has been confirmed by the partially desolvated sample with declined uptakes and adsorption enthalpy. The desulfurization performances have been validated by multicycle breakthrough experiments even with mimic flue‐gas and water vapor. Computational simulations identify the adsorption sites at the molecular level. Combined with the high stability under various conditions, Cu‐ATC is a potent candidate for industrial implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a novel category of sustainable solvents, are expected to achieve the design of the chemical processes without utilizing or generating harmful chemicals. In this work, based on the mathematical model inspired by the transition state theory, the group contribution method is used to accurately predict the viscosity of DESs. The model is constrained by Eyring rate theory and hard sphere free volume theory. A dataset of 2229 experimental viscosity data points of 183 DESs from literature is used to determine the model parameters and subsequently verify the model. The rules introduced by this model are simple and easy to follow. The results show that the proposed model is capable to predict the viscosity of DESs with very high accuracy, using only temperature and composition as inputs. The average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of the model are 8.12% and 8.64% over the training and test sets, respectively, and the maximum ARD is 34.63%. Therefore, the as‐proposed model can be considered a highly reliable tool for predicting the viscosity of DESs when experimental data are absent. It will provide useful guidance for the synthesis of DESs with specific viscosity to meet different application requirements and promote their industrial‐scale implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) always contain certain types of defects that dramatically affect their electronic and optical properties. For CVD‐grown hexagonal WS2 monolayer, complex photoluminescence (PL) patterns are commonly observed, but the defect‐related optical mechanisms are still not well understood. Here, by combining the optical and structural characterizations and ab initio calculations, the correlation between the patterned PL emission and the details of defects in CVD‐grown hexagonal WS2 monolayer are revealed. The temperature‐dependent PL spectra show the correlation between the defect‐trapped and band‐edge exciton emission. The high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy identifies the positive correlation between the density of WSx‐vacancy and PL intensity. In the end, the ab initio calculations and molecule adsorption PL spectra show that the coexistence of p‐ and n‐doping effects, caused by the W and S complex vacancy, weakens the modulation of molecular adsorption on PL intensity. This work gives new insights into the origin of the inhomogeneous PL distribution in WS2 monolayer, which provides important guidance in the regulation of electronic and optical properties of transition‐metal dichalcogenides via defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) always contain certain types of defects that dramatically affect their electronic and optical properties. For CVD‐grown hexagonal WS2 monolayer, complex photoluminescence (PL) patterns are commonly observed, but the defect‐related optical mechanisms are still not well understood. Here, by combining the optical and structural characterizations and ab initio calculations, the correlation between the patterned PL emission and the details of defects in CVD‐grown hexagonal WS2 monolayer are revealed. The temperature‐dependent PL spectra show the correlation between the defect‐trapped and band‐edge exciton emission. The high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy identifies the positive correlation between the density of WSx‐vacancy and PL intensity. In the end, the ab initio calculations and molecule adsorption PL spectra show that the coexistence of p‐ and n‐doping effects, caused by the W and S complex vacancy, weakens the modulation of molecular adsorption on PL intensity. This work gives new insights into the origin of the inhomogeneous PL distribution in WS2 monolayer, which provides important guidance in the regulation of electronic and optical properties of transition‐metal dichalcogenides via defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is directly related to the risk of breast cancer (BC) occurrence and worsened BC prognosis. Currently, there are no specific treatments for diabetes‐associated BC. This paper aims to understand the fundamental mechanisms of diabetes‐induced BC progression and to develop personalized treatments. It reports a metabolic reprogramming strategy (MRS) that pharmaceutical induction of glucose import and glycolysis with metformin and NF‐κB inhibitor (NF‐κBi) while blocking the export of excessive lactate via inhibiting monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) leads to a metabolic crisis within the cancer cells. It demonstrates that the MRS shifts the metabolism of BC cells toward higher production of lactate, blocks lactate secretion, prompts intracellular acidification and induces significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, a novel MCT4 inhibitor CB‐2 has been identified by structure‐based virtual screening. A triple combination of metformin, CB‐2, and trabectedin, a drug that impedes NF‐κB signaling, strongly inhibits BC cells. Compared to normal glucose condition, MRS elicits more potent cancer cell‐killing effects under high glucose condition. Animal model studies show that diabetic conditions promote the proliferation and progression of BC xenografts in nude mice and that MRS treatment significantly inhibits HG‐induced BC progression. Therefore, inhibition of MCT4 combined with metformin/NF‐κBi is a promising cancer therapy, especially for diabetes‐associated BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are mixtures of two or more components that have lower melting temperatures compared to their constituting components. DESs possess many advantages, for example, low volatility, low flammability, and low toxicity, which make them promising alternatives to traditional organic solvents. The melting temperature, one of the important physical properties, is of essential importance for industrial applications. In this work, a group and group‐interaction contribution method was proposed to estimate the melting temperatures of DESs using an extensive database (1528 DESs, 1541 data points). The average absolute relative deviation (%AARD) between the estimated and experimental values of the melting temperature was 5.67% for binary DESs. Subsequently, this method was also extended to estimate the melting temperature of ternary DESs, with the AARD of 6.13%. The results indicate the high accuracy and broad applicability of the method and pave the way for the rational design of task‐specific DESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thickening behaviors in aqueous solution of mixed surfactant mixtures containing an amino acid‐based surfactant, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (SLSar), and a nonionic surfactant, N‐dodecylpyrrolidone (C12P) were investigated using the rheological methods of steady‐shear and frequency sweep. The results varying the added C12P concentration and the mass ratio of SLSar and C12P indicate that the addition of C12P can promote the formation of wormlike micelles and hydrogels, resulting in viscosity enhancement in the mixed aqueous solution of SLSar and C12P. Viscosity maxima in SLSar/water/C12P systems are sensitive to pH, temperature, the concentration of added C12P, and the mass ratio of SLSar and C12P. In the high concentration of total surfactant (30–39 wt%), the enhancement of viscosity obviously occurs by adding 6 wt% C12P, whereas in the low concentration of total surfactant (15 wt%), the C12P must be added more than 9 wt% in 15 wt% mixtures of SLSar and C12P. Moreover, during the solution pH lowered from SLSar' natural pH of 7.2 to the mixture's pKa 5.2, the intermolecular forces between SLSar acid, SLSar anionic salt, and C12P gradually reduce the overall headgroups areas and contribute to the formation of wormlike micelles, hydrogels, and the thickening behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a meta‐synthesis review of existing literature on science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) mentoring programs for women. Critical feminist theory (CFT) was used to understand how mentoring programs support retention and occupational advancement of women in traditionally male‐dominated STEM fields. Four primary strands of CFT were explored: gender, oppression/patriarchy, social institutions, and systemic change. Traditional models of mentoring encompass varied approaches, including institutionally enforced programs, formal and informal programs, paired peer grouping, as well as face‐to‐face and online forums. However, low levels of retention and self‐stated lack of professional satisfaction for women in STEM fields continue to plague those professions. This study reviews the literature on mentoring programs that have been implemented to support women in STEM, thus adding to the epistemology of mentoring women in STEM through feminist discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nickel‐catalyzed amination to access diarylamines has been developed through C−CN bond activation of aryl nitriles with anilines. In this developed catalytic protocol, various aromatic and heteroaromatic nitriles could be utilized as the electrophiles to couple with substituted anilines. A diversity of diarylamines were obtained in 15–95% yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A closed‐form solution for the continuous inverse class E (class E−1) design space is presented for the first time1. Analogous to the class‐E power amplifier (PA) modes, the zero current and its derivative conditions needed for the class E−1 switching action can also be shown to be satisfied with any second harmonic susceptance. The complementary relationship between the continuous PA modes for class E and class E−1 are analytically proven. Signal integrity limitations on the continuous class E and class E−1 PA modes are demonstrated to exist and to limit the useful range of solutions of the design space. 2Consequently, the maximum achievable bandwidth using the continuum of solutions in both class E/E−1 is not 2 octaves as previously reported but only 1 octave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions Cancer‐induced pain is the most common complication of the head and neck cancer. The microglia colony‐stimulating factor receptor 1 (CSF1R) plays a crucial role in the inflammation and neuropathic pain. However, the effect of CSF1R on orofacial cancer‐induced pain is unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the role of CSF1R in orofacial pain caused by cancer.We established an animal model of cancer‐induced orofacial pain with Walker 256B cells. Von Frey filament test and laser‐intensity pain tester were used to evaluate tumor‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Minocycline and PLX3397 were used to alter tumor‐induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of PLX3397 on immunoinflammatory mediators and neuronal activation within the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc).Walker 256B cell‐induced tumor growth resulted in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, accompanying by microglia activation and CSF1R upregulation. Treatment with minocycline or PLX3397 reversed the associated nocifensive behaviors and microglia activation triggered by tumor. As a result of PLX3397 treatment, tumor‐induced increases in pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression and neuronal activation of the Vc were significantly inhibited.The results of our study showed that blocking microglial activation via CSF1R may help prevent cancer‐induced orofacial pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying patients who may develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) will facilitate personalized treatment and optimize the distribution of medical resources. Methods: In this study, 590 COVID‐19 patients during hospitalization were enrolled (Training set: n = 285; Internal validation set: n = 127; Prospective set: n = 178). After filtered by two machine learning methods in the training set, 5 out of 31 clinical features were selected into the model building to predict the risk of developing severe COVID‐19 disease. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to build the prediction nomogram and validated in two different sets. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate its performance. Results: From 31 potential predictors in the training set, 5 independent predictive factors were identified and included in the risk score: C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Age, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score (CDCS), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Subsequently, we generated the nomogram based on the above features for predicting severe COVID‐19. In the training cohort, the area under curves (AUCs) were 0.822 (95% CI, 0.765–0.875) and the internal validation cohort was 0.762 (95% CI, 0.768–0.844). Further, we validated it in a prospective cohort with the AUCs of 0.705 (95% CI, 0.627–0.778). The internally bootstrapped calibration curve showed favorable consistency between prediction by nomogram and the actual situation. And DCA analysis also conferred high clinical net benefit. Conclusion: In this study, our predicting model based on five clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients will enable clinicians to predict the potential risk of developing critical illness and thus optimize medical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclosure is a simple and effective rangeland restoration approach, which is widely used in China, and is conducive to the recovery of degraded vegetation and soil. Plant and soil properties in a desert steppe on the southeastern edge of the Junggar basin after 6 and 16 years of grazing exclusion were measured and compared with open grazing lands. The results showed that vegetation cover increased with exclosure time, while the abundance decreased over time; the species richness, diversity, and evenness indexes of the annual plants decreased after 6 years of grazing exclusion and recovered after 16 years of grazing exclusion. The soil was significantly restored during the 16‐year exclosure period because soil fertility increased and soil pH decreased; however, the soil was not effectively restored after 6 years of exclosure because the soil pH had increased and soil organic matter and total nitrogen had decreased, even though available nutrients and total phosphorus had significantly increased. Therefore, these results were contrary to previous studies, which reported that rangeland can be restored by a short‐term exclusion system in this region, and that grazing exclosures should be established and widely used in degraded rangelands to restore the vegetation and soil. Long‐term exclosure to improve soil and vegetation conditions is crucial if the restoration and sustainable use of the rangeland in the Junggar desert are to be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the fibrillin 2 gene (FBN2). The primary clinical symptoms of CCA include multiple flexion contractures, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, scoliosis, abnormal pinnae, muscular hypoplasia, and crumpled ears. Methods: We used whole‐exome sequencing technology to examine an arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and used Sanger sequencing technology to genetically confirm its family. Results: FBN2 c.3344A>T(p.D1115V) was identified in this family with CCA in a pedigree. Prenatal diagnosis and counseling were carried out simultaneously to avoid the birth of the sick fetus. Conclusion: The study is on FBN2 variant in CCA, which potentially having implications for genetic counseling and clinical management, our study may provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of CCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twin Sentinel‐1 (S1) satellites have been extensively acquiring synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in the Arctic, providing the unique opportunity to obtain ocean dynamic parameters with both high spatial resolution and wide swath coverage in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we proposed a method for retrieving the ocean significant wave height (SWH) from S1 SAR data in horizontal‐horizontal (HH) polarization based on a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). A total of 4,273 scenes from S1 extra‐wide swath mode data acquired in the Arctic were collocated with data from four radar altimeters (RA), yielding 126,128 collocated data pairs. These data were separated into training and testing data sets to develop the BPNN model for retrieving SWH. Comparing the S1 retrieved SWH using the testing data set with the RA SWH yielded a bias of 0.17 m, a root‐mean‐square error of 0.71 m and a scatter index (SI) of 23.05% for SWH less than 10 m. The S1 retrieved SWH was further compared with the CFOSAT/SWIM data acquired in the Arctic between August 2019 and May 2020, which suggests that the SWIM has different performances on wave measurements at different beams. Plain Language Summary: The rapid decline of sea ice in the Arctic creates wider marginal ice zone (a transit from open water to sea ice, MIZ) than ever. Some studies have suggested that interaction between ocean dynamics (e.g., sea surface wind and wave) and sea ice is one possible feedback to retreat of sea ice in the Arctic. Therefore, ocean wave data in the Arctic Ocean are highly desirable. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), as an active remote sensing technique, can operate independent on sunlight and weather conditions and image the earth with high spatial resolution. However, due to the complicated imaging process of ocean waves by spaceborne SAR, retrieval of sea state parameters by SAR data has been investigated for decades. Here, we developed an algorithm based on a back propagation neural network to retrieve significant wave height from spaceborne SAR data. This provides a chance of obtaining wave height information in both large coverages and high spatial resolution from satellite observation, and therefore, can contribute to scientific study, offshore operation and shipping in the Arctic. Key Points: An algorithm is developed to retrieve significant wave height (SWH) in the Arctic ocean from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using a back propagation neural networkComparisons of the SAR‐retrieved SWH with radar altimeter data suggest good agreement independent of the sea stateSWIM data at nadir and the 10° beam in the Arctic ocean are validated in detail by the SAR‐retrieved SWH [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is a very aggressive form of skin cancer. Although BRAF inhibitors have been utilized for melanoma therapy, advanced melanoma patients still face a low five‐year survival rate. Recent studies have shown that CRAF can compensate for BRAF depletion via regulating DNA synthesis to remain melanoma proliferation. Hence, targeting CRAF either alone or in combination with other protein pathways is a potential avenue for melanoma therapy. Based on our previously reported CRAF‐selective inhibitor for renal cancer therapy, we have herein discovered an analogue (complex 1) from the reported CRAF library suppresses melanoma cell proliferation and melanoma tumour growth in murine models of melanoma via blocking the S100B and RAF pathways. Intriguingly, we discovered that inhibiting BRAF together with S100B exerts a novel synergistic effect to significantly restore p53 transcription activity and inhibit melanoma cell proliferation, whereas blocking BRAF together with CRAF only had an additive effect. We envision that blocking the pan‐RAF and S100B/p53 pathways might be a novel synergistic strategy for melanoma therapy and that complex 1 is a potential inhibitor against melanoma via blocking the pan‐RAF and S100B pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel design for a TE10‐mode rectangular waveguide to a TE11‐mode circular waveguide mode converter based on the use of an intermediate one‐step double‐cruciform section is proposed. The converter achieves compactness and broadband by employing the one‐step double‐cruciform transition instead of the conventional multi‐step transitions or smooth transitions. Due to the one‐step structure, the converter achieves an extremely short‐length (around 0.3λ, where λ is the wavelength at the centre frequency), which makes it suitable for highly compact systems. For verification purpose, a back‐to‐back connection rectangular‐to‐circular mode converter was fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the return loss is around 15 dB and the insertion loss is around 0.4 dB in the operating frequency band. Thus, we can infer that the return loss and insertion loss of a single mode converter are around 19 and 0.2 dB, respectively. The experimental results reasonably agree with the simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a bilateral reflectionless filter topology. A low‐pass filter prototype and its theoretical frequency responses are given. The frequency responses are obtained by means of ABCD matrices, thereby showing that the proposed prototype is reciprocal, symmetrical, and reflectionless at both ports. A first‐order bandpass filter with the reflectionless characteristic has been designed by applying the conventional low‐pass‐to‐bandpass transformation to the proposed low‐pass filter topology. It is verified by measurement results that the proposed bandpass filter can have less than −20 dB reflection coefficient over the passband and stopband at both ports with the same transmission response of a conventional first‐order bandpass filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic major liver resection, such as laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy (LLH), is still perceived as a complicated procedure due to technical difficulties and slow learning curve. The study introduced an optimized procedure using the liver parenchyma transection-first approach and investigated its advantages on surgical outcomes by comparison with the conventional hilar dissection approach for LLH. Methods: Between January 2015 and May 2019, 96 patients who underwent laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled in the study. Among these, 41 patients underwent the liver parenchyma transection-first approach (LP-first group) and the other 55 underwent the conventional hilar dissection approach (conventional group). A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to compare the perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes of the two groups. Results: After 1:1 PSM, 37 patients in each group were selected for further analysis. The LP-first group was associated with shorter median operative time (210 vs 235 min, P = 0.035) and less blood loss (200 vs 300 mL, P = 0.410). In addition, no statistical differences were found in overall complications between the two groups (8.1% vs 24.3%, P = 0.058). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of 1-year and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.608) and overall survival (OS, P = 0.414). Conclusion: The prior liver parenchyma approach for LLH is safe and reproducible in selected patients, which showed improved perioperative outcomes and comparable long-term oncological outcomes compared with the conventional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RuII compounds are widely used in catalysis, photocatalysis, and medical applications. They are usually obtained in a reductive environment as molecular O2 can oxidize RuII to RuIII and RuIV. Here we report the design, identification and evolution of an air‐stable surface [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site that is covalently mounted onto a polyphenylene framework. Such a RuII site was obtained by reduction of [bipy‐RuIIICl4]− with simultaneous ligand exchange from Cl− to CO. This structural evolution was witnessed by a combination of in situ X‐ray and infrared spectroscopy studies. The [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site enables oxidation of CO with a turnover frequency of 0.73×10−2 s−1 at 462 K, while the RuIII site is completely inert. This work contributes to the study of structure–activity relationship by demonstrating a practical control over both geometric and electronic structures of single‐site catalysts at molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has necessitated the implementation of diverse pandemic control strategies throughout the world. To effectively control the spread of this disease, it is essential that it be diagnosed at an early stage so that patients can be reliably quarantined such that disease spread will be slowed. At present, the diagnosis of this infectious form of coronavirus pneumonia is largely dependent upon a combination of laboratory testing and imaging analyses of variable diagnostic efficacy. In the present report, we reviewed prior literature pertaining to the diagnosis of different forms of pneumonia caused by coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], Middle East respiratory syndrome, and SARS‐CoV‐2) and assessed two different potential diagnostic approaches. We ultimately found that computed tomography was associated with a higher rate of diagnostic accuracy than was a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based approach (P =.0041), and chest radiography (P =.0100). Even so, it is important that clinicians utilize a combination of laboratory and radiological testing where possible to ensure that this virus is reliably and quickly detected such that it may be treated and patients may be isolated in a timely fashion, thereby effectively curbing the further progression of this pandemic. Highlights: 1.CT scan could be a better diagnosis method for COVID‐19 than RT‐PCR (P =.0041).2.The diagnosis rate of CT scan is higher than chest radiography (P =.0100).3.Combination diagnosis should be the main approach for disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]