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At ambient conditions two liquids, bromoethane, C2H5Br (MBE, m.p. 154.6 K) and iodoethane, C2H5I (MIE, m.p. 162.1 K), have been crystallized under both isobaric and isochoric conditions using in situ low‐temperature and high‐pressure techniques. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, supported by the isothermal compressibility and isobaric differential scanning calorimetry measurements, allowed the monitoring and analysis at low temperature and high pressure of the effects of externally induced changes in MBE and MIE. The monoclinic MBE and MIE crystals are found to be isostructural. They are stable, in the investigated regimes, i.e. down to 100 K/0.1 MPa and up to ∼295 K/3.7 GPa, without undergoing any symmetry or phase change. Both the contraction and compression is mainly noted for the intermolecular separation distances. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of intermolecular contacts clearly shows the nature of occurrence and hierarchy of interactions pointing out the role played by Br/I...Br/I contacts, in particular at ambient temperature and high‐pressure conditions. The preferences for the formation of intermolecular contacts in MIE are more pronounced and do not require such extreme conditions as in the case of MBE. It is notable that the Br/I...Br/I and Br/I...H contacts could be basically classified as type‐I interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of isomeric 1,2,3‐tribromobenzene (123TBB), 1,2,4‐tribromobenzene (124TBB) and 1,3,5‐tribromobenzene (135TBB) have been grown from different solvents and their structures determined by X‐ray diffraction at 100, 200 and 270 K. The melting‐point differences of ca 40 K between 135TBB, 123TBB and 124TBB have been correlated with the molecular symmetry and packing preferences in the crystal, as well as with the main types of intermolecular halogen interactions, i.e. Br...Br, Br...C (Br...π) and Br...H. The relationship between symmetry and melting point in Carnelley's rule has been extended to the accessibility of terminal atoms for the formation of intermolecular interactions, their occurrences and distribution, and the close packing. The electrostatic potential mapped on molecular surfaces demonstrates that in more symmetric molecules the more evenly distributed substituents are more accessible and form more optimum intermolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trends in the melting points of analogous halogenated benzene isomers are rationalized in terms of molecular symmetry, crystal structure and interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐nitrogen‐content compounds 6‐azido‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazine (C5H3N7) and its 3‐methyl derivative (C6H5N7) have been in situ crystallized in a diamond‐anvil cell and their structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Under ambient and high‐pressure conditions the crystallizations yield the same phases: the C5H3N7 anhydrate and C6H5N7 hydrated clathrate. In both the structures there are clearly distinguished regions of short CH...N and N...N intermolecular contacts, the latter involving exclusively the azide groups. High pressure initially increases the contents of water in the channel pores of the clathrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several procedures have been employed for validating structural models refined on poor quality single-crystal diffraction data. Analysis of intra- and intermolecular distances in the structures of 2,2-aziridinedicarboxamide polymorphs proved to be a robust means, and a means independent of the chosen unit cell and symmetry, of detecting several incorrect atom-type assignments in the reported structure of the triclinic polymorph of 2,2-aziridinedicarboxamide [Brückner (1982). Acta Cryst. B 38, 2405–2408]. The corrected model, refined in the space group , rules out the existence of any conformational polymorphism in this compound. Small differences in the powder-diffraction patterns calculated for the original and corrected structures of the triclinic polymorph illustrate the sensitivity of the above method for polymorph validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dibromomethane, CH2Br2, and diiodomethane, CH2I2, have been in situ pressure-crystallized in a diamond–anvil cell and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 0.61 and 0.16 GPa, respectively. The pressure-frozen CH2Br2 crystal is isostructural with its C2/ c phase obtained by cooling. CH2I2 is known to form several phases at low temperature, one of which is isostructural with CH2Br2. However, pressure freezing leads to the polar Fmm2 phase. The formation of the polar CH2I2 structure at 0.16 GPa has been rationalized by the electrostatic and anisotropic van der Waals interactions of the I atoms. No ferroelectric behaviour of the Fmm2 polar phase II of CH2I2 has been determined. The diffraction, calorimetric and dielectric constant studies reveal considerable temperature hysteresis of transformations between the CH2I2 phases, as well as metastable regions strongly dependent on the sample shape and history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of 1,2,3-trichloropropane, ClCH2CHClCH2Cl, in-situ crystallized in a diamond–anvil cell, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 0.28 and 0.35 GPa. A melting point at 295 K and 0.22 GPa has been determined. The molecular conformation of aliphatic chain and terminal Cl atoms is approximately C2 symmetric. Of the intermolecular contacts, the tightest are the Cl⋯Cl and then the Cl⋯H contacts, whereas the H⋯H distances are considerably longer than the sum of the van der Waals radii and leave narrow voids in the structure. The elevated pressure reduces the H⋯H separations but hardly affects the Cl⋯Cl distances. The crystal growth rates, compression and types of intermolecular interactions in the structures can be correlated with the directions of the Cl⋯Cl contacts, which can be considered the main motif responsible for the molecular arrangement in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bromochloromethane, CH(2)BrCl, has been temperature-frozen and in situ pressure-frozen and the structure determined by X-ray diffraction at low temperatures of 170 and 100 K at ambient pressure (0.10 MPa), and at high pressures of 1.04 and 1.72 GPa at room temperature (295 K). CH(2)BrCl exhibits a remarkable polymorphism: at low temperature it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (phase I), isostructural to the crystals of CH(2)Br(2). The pressure-frozen crystal of CH(2)BrCl is orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, and is isostructural to the crystal of CH(2)Cl(2). In both phases I and II the Br and Cl atoms are substitutionally disordered. The freezing temperatures and pressures of simple dihalomethanes have been correlated to their molecular weight and halogen... halogen distances. Calculated electrostatic potential surfaces have been related to the different crystal packing of dihalomethanes investigated.

Dibromomethane, CH2Br2, and diiodomethane, CH2I2, have been in situ pressure-crystallized in a diamond-anvil cell and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 0.61 and 0.16 GPa, respectively. The pressure-frozen CH2Br2 crystal is isostructural with its C2/c phase obtained by cooling. CH2I2 is known to form several phases at low temperature, one of which is isostructural with CH2Br2. However, pressure freezing leads to the polar Fmm2 phase. The formation of the polar CH2I2 structure at 0.16 GPa has been rationalized by the electrostatic and anisotropic van der Waals interactions of the I atoms. No ferroelectric behaviour of the Fmm2 polar phase II of CH2I2 has been determined. The diffraction, calorimetric and dielectric constant studies reveal considerable temperature hysteresis of transformations between the CH2I2 phases, as well as metastable regions strongly dependent on the sample shape and history.

The structure of dichloromethane, CH2Cl2, crystallized in situ in a diamond-anvil cell, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 1.33 and 1.63 GPa. The pressure-frozen crystal was determined to be orthorhombic, with the space group Pbcn, and isostructural with the low-temperature phase at 0.1 MPa. The CH2Cl2 molecules are located on one set of crystallographic twofold axes. The characteristics determined for the CH2Cl2 crystal (compression of the close intermolecular contacts, molecular association and the crystal habit of dichloromethane) suggest that the crystal cohesion forces are dominated by H...Cl interactions rather than by Cl...Cl attractions.