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The extraction condition of curcumin from Curcuma longa L was optimized through four factors and three levels orthogonal experiment based on the results of single factor tests. Under the optimal conditions: the concentration of ethanol 80%, extraction temperature 70°C, the ratio of liquid to material 20, and extraction time 3 h, a crude extract with the yield of curcumin 56.8 mg/g could be obtained. The isolation and purification of curcuminoids from the crude extract was performed on high performance counter current chromatography employing an optimized solvent system n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2/3/3/1, v/v/v/v). From 97 mg crude sample (in which the purity of curmumin was 68.56%), 67 mg curmumin, 18 mg demethoxycurcumin, and 9.7 mg bisdemethoxycurcumin with a high‐performance liquid chromatography purity of 98.26, 97.39, and 98.67%, respectively, were obtained within 70 min. The antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity of purified curcumin was comparable to that of the commercial product, indicating that the biological activity of curcumin could be maintained by this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a short, three-step synthesis of d-[1-14C]-serine (4) in high enantiomeric purity. Starting from [14C]-KCN and 2-(benzyloxy)acetaldehyde, Strecker reaction using ( R)-1-phenylethylamine as the chiral auxiliary gave two diastereomeric aminonitriles 1 and 2 in the ratio of 4:3, which were conveniently separated and purified chromatographically. Following hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenolysis, the purified major diastereomer 1, was smoothly converted to d-[1-14C]-serine (4) in an enantiomeric excess of >99%, thus circumventing time intensive chiral HPLC enantiomeric resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The concept of Process Analytical Technology ( PAT) introduced by the US FDA has received a lot of attention lately. The use of such a scheme ensures robust process performance over the entire life cycle of the product and consistent product quality at the end of the manufacturing process. Successful implementation of PAT requires use of high resolution, orthogonal analytical tools that are able to measure the critical quality attributes ( CQA) of the raw materials and in-process materials with the aim of ensuring final product quality. This article presents a review of PAT applications for monitoring commonly used downstream biotech unit operations. Focus of the review will be on recent advancements (last 5 years). Analytical tools that have been used in these approaches have also been discussed with reference to their speed of analysis, robustness and sensitivity. Also discussed is their potential to replace the traditional high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) which continues to be the gold standard for analysis of biotech therapeutics. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]